SOCIETAS PRO I;'AUNA ET FLORA FENNICA FAUNA FENlv~ICA 13 THE NEUROPTERA AND MECOPTERA OF EASTERN FENNOSCANDIA BY MARTIN MEINANDER ZOOLOGICAL E~STITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINGFORS \VITH 127 FIGURES AND 39 MAPS HELSINKI - HELSINGFORS 1962 PRINTED IN FINLAND BY TILGMANN HELSINKI-HELSINGFORS 1962 J;'Al.1KA FENNICA IB INTRODUCTION The first list of Finnish Neuroptera and Mecoptera was published in 1881 by hILJAN'DER (Medd. Soc. F. Fl. Fenn. VII, 152-1(6), it included only 14 species of Neuroptera and 4 of Mecoptera. vVhen O. lVI. REUTER in 1894 ,~Acta Soc. F. Fl. Fenn. IX Nr 8) published a new list, the number of species, as ,ye understand them now, had increased to 38 (Neuroptera). In the twentieth century interest in collecting Neuroptera has increased greatly, nevertheless no list has been published, including the distribution of the orders since REU­ TER'S paper. A list published by the Entomological Society for Exchange (Enumeratio Insectorum Fenniae IV) in 1935 enumerated 58 species of Neurop­ tera and 6 of Mecoptera, the number of species had thus increased by 22. At present there are 61 Neuroptera and 6 Mecoptera. The knowledge of the dis­ tr;bution of Neuroptera and Mecoptera has accordingly increased since the last published list, therein lies the justification for the publishing of a new one. In this list all information about the distribution in Eastern Fennoscandia (i. e. Finland, including the provinces surrendered to Russia in 1940 and 1944, Russian Carelia and the Kola Peninsula) has been included. All species known from this area have also been recorded within the present boundaries of Fin­ land. The list is based upon material including about 7000 specimens of Neurop­ tera and 400 of Mecoptera. I have examined the following collections: Zoological ~ruseum of the University of Helsingfors (including the collections of KLING­ STEIn, I .. INDBERG, PALM1~N, POPP1US, REUTER, SAHLBERG etc.), the Zoological ~[useum of Turun Yliopisto, Museum of Natural History in Kuopio, the col­ lection belonging to Lounais-Hameen Luonnonsuojeluyhdistys, and the pri­ vate collections of H. AHLQVIST, E. A. HELLMAN, 1. ]ALAS, ]. KAISILA, )1. )IEINANDER, A. NORDMAN, E. THUNEBERG and A. \VEGELIUS. In the last list (1935), which was published about the FinnishNeuroptera, j.';: species were included. Of these, one must be omitted; Chrysopa prasina Burm. now regarded as a synonym of C. ventralis Curt. But since the publica­ tion of the list four new species have been identified within the country; Sisyra terminalis Curt., K£mm£nsia rava \Vithyc., Sympherobius elegans Steph. and J[l'rmeleon bore Tjed. .:.1:1 arti n 1\1/ ei'n/ander: N europtera and J.\tIecoptera Knowledge of the distribution of the Neuroptera is extensive for the larger and more conspicuous species, but the smaller ones, especially the Coniop­ terygids have been almost ignored. lVlost information exists from Southern Finland (AI-Kl) and within this area Regio Aboe1~sis and Nylandia have 52 species. Lapland is also well known, but in Central Finland a void exists. The Russian provinces, since the)T became inaccessible, have virtually not been investigated. After 1918 Finnish collectors have had the possibility to collect in a few of the provinces only during the war. The activity of Russian collectors is unknown and no RtlSsian material has been examined. Best known of the Russian provinces is Kol \vith 19 species, from Kk and Lp there are no records. Of the 61 species known from Eastern Fennoscandia about half (28 species) are spread over the entire area. Of these, however, two species are not recorded from the area north of the arctic circle: Coniopteryx tineiformis, which has perhaps been overlooked by the collectors because of its small size; and Micro­ mus paganus, which, hovvever, has been recorded from Finmark in Norway. Among the lVlecoptera there is only one species of general occurrence: Bore'tts westwoodi. Panorpa co'mmu'nis occurs in all the areas south of the arctic circle. The species which have limited, restricted distributions may be divided as follows: Southwestern specles Sisyra terminalis. The species seems to be very local, but may perhaps be found in other places. In Sweden it has a decidely southern distribution. Hemerobius micans. Strictly a southern species. H emerobius lutescens. Similar to H. micans. Hemerobius cont'umax. A very rare species, which may be found in other areas, but in Sweden it is also known only from south of 61 0 N. lat. Kimminsia subnebulosa. A wide-spread species, which seems to be especially confined to towns and villages. There are numerous specimens from dif­ ferent years known frotTI Helsingfors and only a few records from other places. Sympherobius elegans. Only on the Aland Islands (AI). SY1npherobius pygmaeus. A decidedly southern species in Sweden too. Chrysopa impunctata. Extremely rare. In Sweden kno\vn only from Smaland and Uppland. Of the species belonging to this group none have been captured in western Fennoscandia north of 61 0 N. lat. FAUNA FENNICAIH 5 Sou the r n s p e c i e s not known north of 61 ° N. lat. This group in­ cludes species with a decidedly southern distribution, without being south­ western species. Raphidia notata. Has a corresponding distribution in Svveden, but is known from inner NordtT0ndelag in Norvvay (about 6110 N. lat.). H emerob£us fenestratus. Chrysopa flava. Chrysopa ciliata. Sou the r n s p e c 1 e s with a slightly more northern distribution. This group is a rather large one, containing 13 species of Neuroptera and 2 Mecoptera. Sialis lutar£a (62°), C oniopteryx borealis ((;3°), S£syra jutland£ca (63°), Psectra diptera (62°), AI'egalomus hirtus (63°), Drepanopteryx phalaenoides (63°), Chrysopa vittata (63°), C. septempunctata (63°), c. ven.tralis (63°), C. phyl­ lochroma (62°), C. dorsalis (62°), M yrmeleon formicarius (64°), ll;[. bore (62°), Panorpa cognata (63°) and P. germanica (64°). All the mentioned species have a corresponding distribution in western Fennoscandia except S£alis llitaria, which is a common species in all western Fennoscandia, from Skane in the south to the parts of Norway which are north of Finland. E a s t ern dis t rib uti 0 n. Only four species are included m this group. Sialis fu,[£g£nosa. Has been recorded from all parts of Finland except the south­ western. The species occurs, however, in all western Fennoscandia and the British Isles, so the distribution in Eastern Fennoscandia is difficult to explain. Chrysopa dasyptera. Panorpa alpina. The species is recorded from the coast of the Bothnian Gulf but is not noted from southwestern Finland or western Fennoscandia. Panorpa hybrida. Northern species Sialis s£b£r£ca. Hemerobius atr£frons. Has a corresponding distribution in Sweden but is known from southwestern Norway and widely spread in Europe. There are further species about which it is difficult to deduce any definite conclusions: 1l1ocellia crass£cornis. In Fennoscandia known only from Kuusamo and Da­ laecarlia. Parasemidalis fuscipennis. Known from Southwestern Finland and Russian Carelia. 6 111 arti'lZ ~11 einande'Y : N europtera and Mecoptera Kimlninsia rava. Except for three specimens from Helsingfors recorded only from the British Isles. Chrysopa 'lRJalkeri. Found only once in Finland. Boreus hyemalis is notable because it is recorded neither from Eastern Fennoscandia, nor from Norway, but occurs in various locals in Sweden. In the present list every' species captured in eastern Fennoscandia is acconl­ panied by a record of all locals from which it is positively known. With regard to the distribution in western Fennoscandia it is only mentioned whether the species occurs in Svveden or Norway_ I have treated likewise the Baltic Prov­ inces (i. e. Esthonia, Latvia and Liethuania). The distribution outside this area in only very sumnlarily tloted. The distributions are also given in tabular form, showing the occurrence of species in the different provinces of Finland (cf. map on p.7), and moreover the distribution of most species is shown on maps, including only the records from eastern Fennoscalldia. In Finland ·v"ery little has been published on the phenology of the Neur­ optera and l\iecoptera. I have given belovv (p. 8) in tabular form the dates of occurence of the imagines, as far as th.ey are known. In the first table all the dates of the specilnens collected in southern Finland (i. e. AI-Oa) have been marked and in the second those of the specimens collected in northern Finland. The first table gives a fairly good picture of the occurrence of tIle species during the summer. The latter, ho\vever, is rather incomplete due to the restricted material available. The main purpose of this paper is to describe what is kno,,'"n about the distribution of Neuroptera and l\Iecoptera in eastern Fennoscandia. Keys to the species and short diagnoses have, ho\vever, been incltlded in order to facilitate the determination of the Finnish insects of these orders. For persons interested in more extensive work on the Neuroptera occuring in Finland, the excellent monograph on British Neuroptera by KILLINGTON" (1.936-1937) provides valuable details. All the Finnish species of l\lecoptera have been extensively treated in 'I'JEDER'S Svensk Insektfauna Nr 41. The determination keys include not only all species known from eastern Fennoscandia but also those known fronl western Fennoscandia yet not recorded from eastern Fel1noscandia. The terminology is surel~y understood by all entomologists, but the special­ ities of the wing venation have been slightly elaborated