The Author’s Worldview in Jack London’s The Nasrum, Afifah Faiqah Call of The Wild The Author’s Worldview in Abstrak Jack London’s The Call of The Wild Penelitian ini membahas tentang strukturalisme genetik dalam The Call of the Wild Novel karya Jack London 1Nasrum, 2Afifah Faiqah yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara 1,2Alauddin State Islamic University pandang penulis terhadap dunia. of Makassar Penelitian ini didasarkan pada teori [email protected] strukturalisme genetik Lucien [email protected] Goldmann membahas tentang unsur ekstrinsik yang tidak hanya mengacu pada unsur intrinsik saja. Metode Abstract penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Peneliti This research discusses the genetic menggunakan pencatatan sebagai structuralism in Jack London’s The instrumen untuk mengungkap data Call of the Wild, aiming to find the yang valid. Hasil penelitian author’s world view. This research is menunjukkan bahwa penulis based on Lucien Goldmann’s theory berbicara tentang persaingan kejam of genetic structuralism, which refers kapitalisme sebagai pekerja. Peneliti to intrinsic elements and discusses the menemukan semua unsur pandangan extrinsic elements. The study applied dunia yaitu 1) Tuhan, 2) Sains, 3) the qualitative method. The Realitas, 4) Diri, 5) Etika, dan 6) researchers used note-taking as the Masyarakat dalam Novel. Peneliti instrument to reveal the valid data. menyimpulkan bahwa penulis The findings show that the author menggambarkan kondisi sosial talked about the cruel competition of masyarakat yang tidak lepas dari capitalism as a worker. The perjalanan hidupnya yang keras. researchers found all of the elements Kata Kunci: Pandangan Dunia, of worldview, namely 1) God, 2) Strukturalisme Genetik, Fakta Science, 3) Reality, 4) Self, 5) Ethics, Manusia, Karya Sastra. and 6) Society in the Novel. The researchers conclude that the author described society's social conditions that cannot be separated from his hard A. INTRODUCTION life journey. As a social institution, Keywords: World View, Genetic literature presents life and consists in Structuralism, Human Facts, Literary large part of social realities that are Work Journal of Culture, Language, and Literature 30 Vol. 1 No. 1 Juli-Oktober 2020 Nasrum, Afifah Faiqah The Author’s Worldview in Jack London’s The Call of The Wild very important in life. Therefore, inner or objective world of the literature responds to a reaction, individual are also subject to literary response, criticism, or description of a 'imitation'. Besides, Laurenson & certain situation. The author himself is Swingewood (1972) argue that a member of the community, he lives literature is an interest in human life, in the middle of the community. Then which is cultural history. In this sense, it is appropriate that he investigates it is necessary to carry out historical carefully what happens around him, analysis to understand history, various already also if there are various customs, norms, race, politics, and unequal things that he wrote as a sign social interests related to a particular of sympathy and protest (Damono, society in a certain historical period. 2002: 145). Meanwhile, literature has As a normative pattern in become a part of human experience, humans or society, what is considered both from human beings' aspect for good, right, and which is considered his life experience and from the aspect bad and wrong shape the desired of its creator, expressing his inner behavior of a system related to the experiences into literary works. In surrounding environment without terms of its creator, literary work is its distinguishing the function of its parts, creator's inner experience about so that these values function as the people's lives within a certain cultural maintenance of the social system. period and time. Literary works Likewise in al-Qur'an surah al- describe the situation and social life of Hasyr, verse 18 contains Islamic a society, events, ideas and thoughts, educative values both ethics, as well as the valuesmandated by the aesthetics and Islamic logic. In human creator through the characters in the beings or society, regarding things story. that are considered good, right, and Literature is about human beings in things that are considered bad and various lives. Moreover, as Wellek wrong shape the desired behavior of a and Warren (1956: 94) stated in their system that is related to the book Theory of Literature that surrounding environment without literature is a social institution, used as distinguishing the functions of its its intermediate language, a social parts, so that the value functions as a creation, traditional literary devices maintenance of the social system. such as symbols and rulers. This research discusses the Measurements are social in nature. author's world view from The Call of They are conventions and norms that the Wild novel by Jack London, in this can only arise in society, but case, using literature as a medium to moreover, literature represents 'life'; describe the social phenomenon in the and 'life' is generally a social reality, novel, which also becomes the although the natural work and the influence of the novel was created. This novel was published in 1903 and Journal of Culture, Language, and Literature 31 Vol. 1 No. 1 Juli-Oktober 2020 The Author’s Worldview in Jack London’s The Nasrum, Afifah Faiqah Call of The Wild set in Yukon, Canada, USA. Buck as the novel. By using the genetic a dog becomes the main character in structuralism approach, then the the novel. The story opens on a farm author's worldview will be known. in Santa Clara Valley, California From the explanation above, where Buck was abducted from his the researchers are interested in using home and sold as a sled dog in Alaska. the genetic structuralism approach to Buck becomes increasingly hungry in analyze the author's worldview, so a harsh environment, where he is that the novel The Call of the Wild forced to fight to survive and rule was created the novel is a masterpiece others At the end of the story, he pulls from Jack London, which uses out a civilization, and relies on the literature to convey their aspirations original nature and learned the and feelings. This research aims to experience of appearing as a wild describe the structural elements of leader. The Call of the Wild novel and According to Goldmann, an describe the world view of the author. author it is impossible to have your This research is expected to be able to views. He gave his voice the world of add insight and treasures of a social group, trans-individual knowledge regarding literary studies subject (Fananie, 2000: 117). That in particular about the theory of view is not a reality, but something genetic structuralism in literary that can only be imaginatively stated works. Practically with this research is and conceptual in the form of major expected to help readers to better literary works. In other words, great understand the content of the story in literary works by Goldmann is the call of the wild novel by Jack considered a social fact of the trans- London is primarily the author's individual subject because it is an worldview studied with the theory of outcome activity whose objects are genetic structuralism and can be used the universe and human groups as a reference for research in the (Fananie, 2000: 118). That is why the future. worldview reflected in literary works bound by space and time which causes B. METHOD it to be historical. This research The researchers used qualitative emphasizes the approach of genetic research which applied descriptive structuralism to analyze The Call of technique. The data collection method the Wild novel by Jack London was through library research. The because the researchers are interested researchers read and understood the in seeing how the author's worldview novel, books, articles, and other based on his life's social background writings that support the research and the state of social background in topic. Journal of Culture, Language, and Literature 32 Vol. 1 No. 1 Juli-Oktober 2020 Nasrum, Afifah Faiqah The Author’s Worldview in Jack London’s The Call of The Wild The researchers also use the Internet arrive at the little flag station known to obtain additional information on the as College Park. This man was talking subject of research. Then, researchers to Manuel, and money flowed quote important facts related to the between them (London, 1903: 2). research problem. Data analysis used 3) Climax a dialectic approach. Buck is kidnapped from his ranch in California and taken to the primitive C. RESULT realm of the Alaskan gold rush where, to survive, he unearths internal forces 1. Structural Elements he never knew he possessed. He is Jack London's novel The Call of the really a red-eyed demon, as he curls Wild has both internal and external up together for spring, a mess of hair, elements, inner elements including a frothy mouth, a pair of eyes that plot, character, setting, point of view glitter madly like his blood. Surcharge and theme. by the pent-up passion of two days a. The plot and nights (London, 1903: 5). 1) Exposition 4) Falling action The story begins with Buck's Arriving in the cold North, Buck is comfortable life. Buck lives on Judge amazed at the cruelty he sees around Miller's estate in Santa Clara Valley, him. He restores his wild ancestor's California. There were other dogs. It instincts: he learns to fight, hunt for could only be other dogs in such a big food, and sleep under the snow on place, but they didn't matter (London, winter nights. 1903: 1) They were all too soft, dead under 2) Rising action labor, frost, and famine.Buck was the When thousands of men stormed into exception.