A Quarterly Journal for Kerala Studies Adn-bm\pw Xm]kw in Malayalam - English Adn-bn-°m\pw TAPTAPASAMASAM Xm]kw Bdmw-h¿j-Øn-te°v Vol: VI / Issue 1 / July 2010 / Reg. No: M2 11257/ 05 Xm]kw Bdmw-h¿j-Øn-te°p IS-°p-∂p. Ign™ A©p Zneo-]vIp-am¿ sI. hn. aWn-{]-hm-f-Ønse A«o-ew h¿jsØ A\p-`-h-߃ an{i-hn-Im-c-ß-fmWv \¬Ip-∂-Xv. tIc-f- ]-T-\-Øn\p Hcp A°m-Z-anIv {]kn-≤o-I-cWw F∂ ]cn-an-X-amb _nPp sI. sI. ap≈-°p-dp-a¿: e£y-amWv A∂pw C∂pw R߃°p-≈-Xv. XpS-°w-ap-X¬ tIc-f- ]pcm-hr-Øhpw PohnXhpw ]T\Øn¬ Du¿Pn-X-ambn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿ Xe-apd t`Z-an-√msX Ophira Gamliel Documenting Jewish Malayalam in Israel Rßsf ]n¥p-W-®p. teJ-\-߃ \¬Inbpw A`n-{]m-b-ß-f-dn- Fieldwork Description and bn®pw Ah¿ \¬Inb t{]m’m-l\w kvt\l-]q¿hw Hm¿Ωn-°p- Data Analysis ∂p. F∂m¬ Du¿Pn-X-K-th-j-I-cpsS FÆw GXp kaq-l-Ønepw e£v-an bp. DZ-bm-: Ãp-Un-tbm- k¶ev]\hpw Npcp-°-am-bn-cn-°pw, {]tXy-In®p tIc-f-]-T-\-cw-K-Øv. D∂-X-hn-Zym- kn\namNcn{Xhpw `ym-k-ÿm-]-\-ß-fnepw kmwkvIm-cnI ÿm]-\-ß-fnepw t\Xr-ÿm- From the Archives \-Øn-cn-°p∂hcpw hn⁄m\ hn\n-a-b-irw-J-e-bnse CS-\n-e-°mcpw Barbara C. Johnson Jutapalli Yogam in Kerala F¥p-sImt≠m CØcw Hcp {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn¬ R߃ {]Xo- & Galia Hacco Jewish Communal Organization: £n® D’mlw ImWn-°p-∂n-√. k¿h-I-em-im-em-X-e-Øn¬ Some Hebrew Sources Translated t]mepw ]T-\-]-≤-Xn-I-fn¬ B\p-Im-en-I -{]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-߃°p Kth-j-W-cwKw {]m[m-\yw \¬Ip-∂n-√. B\p-Im-en-I-߃ hne sImSpØp kvIdnbm k°-dnb CS-t»-cn-°-hn-X-Iƒ t^mIvtem¿ hmßp∂ ioew ]e tImfPv sse{_-dn-Iƒ°p-an-√. C°mcyw kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ shfn®Øn¬ Hcp ]T\w ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS \n-e-hmcw \n¿Æ-bn-°p-∂-h¿ Ku\n-°m-dpt≠m? an\n sI./kp[o¿ In-Sßq¿ ASp-Ø-Im-eØp tImfPv/k¿h-I-em-imem A[ym-]-I-cpsS aqey- F. Fw. {io[-c≥ tIc-fØnse \m´p-ssh-Zy-Øns‚ \n¿Æ-b-\-Øn\p bp.Pn.kn. \n¿t±-in-®n-cn-°p∂ am\-Z-WvU-ß-fn¬ ]cn-ÿnXn \mtSm-Sn-hn-⁄m-\obw B\p-Im-en-I-߃°v A¿l-amb {]m[m\yw \¬In-°m-Wp-∂p-≠v. C. DÆn-°r-jvW≥/kn.B¿. cmP-tKm-]me≥ bp.Pn.knbpsS am¿K-tcJ kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-cpsS hne-bn-cp-Ø-en-eqsS Fw. Fw. _jo¿ B[p-\n-IXmhmZ-Øns‚ cmjv{So-bm-t_m[w ]cn-jvI-cn®p \S-tØ≠ {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-°mcyw FSp-Øp-]-d-b-∂p- Un. _©-an≥ t\mh-enepw Nn{X-I-e-bnepw: ≠v. R߃ C°mcyw a\- n-em-°p-∂p. Xm]-k-Ønse teJ-\-߃ ae-bm-f-t\m-h-en-s\bpw C≥Uy≥ Nn{X-I-e- kl-{]-h¿Ø-IcpsS ]cn-tim-[-\-bneqsS ]cn-jvI-cn-°m≥ Xocp-am- sbbpw ap≥\n¿Øn-bp≈ At\z-jWw \n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. AXn-\p≈ {Iao-I-c-W-߃ sNbvXp-h-cn-I-bm-Wv. Xm]kw kp\n¬ ]n. Cf-bnSw/]n. ]hn-{X≥ ]pkvX-I-]q-cWw F√m-h-cp-sSbpw kl-I-cWw A`y¿∞n-°p-∂p. 2010 Pqsse- 2010 July kvIdnbm k°-dnb sIPnFkv Ihn-X-Iƒ/sI.Pn. i¶-c-∏n≈ FUn-‰¿ tLmj-bm{X /Sn.-sP.-F-kv. tPm¿Pv ASAM, AP - T Issue Editor : Biju C. P. 1 tUmIyp-sa‚ v sNøm-\p-ap≈ {ia-߃ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv `mjm-]- T-\-߃°v Dt∑-jw ]I-cpw. {]mtZ-inI t`Z-߃sIm≠p kº-∂- amWv ae-bm-fw. {]mtZ-inI ae-bm-f-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T-\-߃ Imcy-am-bn-s´m∂pw \S-∂n-´n-√ tIc-f-Øn¬ F∂v Hm¿Ωn-°-Ww. kwkvIm-c-]-T-\-Øns‚ `n∂apJ-߃ hb-\m-´nse ap≈-°p-dp-a-cpsS Pohn-X-kw-kvIm-c-sØ-°p-dn®v _nPp sI. sI. Fgp-Xp∂ teJ\w hkvXp-X-Iƒ hnh-c-Wm-fl-I- ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-s\m∏w Nne hni-I--e\-ßfpw \S-Øp- kmln-Xy-]-T-\-sØbpw `mjm-]-T-\-sØbpw ]pXnb ∂p-≠v. ae-bmf kn\n-am-N-cn-{X-Ønse \mgn-I-°-√mb DZ-bm-Ãp- kmwkvIm-cn-I, ssk≤m-¥nI [mc-W-I-fn-te°v ssI ]nSn-®p- Un-tbm-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ teJ\w Hcp bph-K-th-j-I-bpsS ssh⁄m- b¿Øp∂ Kth-j-W-{]-_-‘-ß-fmWv Xm]-k-Øns‚ Pqsse 2010 \n-I-kw-`m-h-\-bm-Wv. e°-Øn-ep-≈Xv. aWn-{]-hmfw F∂p tIƒ°p-tºmƒØs∂ irwKmcw Ie¿∂ A«o-e-h¿W-\-Iƒ F∂ [mc-W-bmWv kmln- tIc-f-Ønse PqX-∏-≈n-tbm-K-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Ncn-{X-tc-J-Iƒ Xy-]-Tn-Xm-°ƒ°pw AXn-ep-]cn km[m-c-W-°m¿°p-ap-≈-Xv. sshin- Cu e°-Øn¬ Is≠-SpØp tN¿Øn-´p-≠v. tIc-f-Øns‚ kmwkvIm- I-X{¥w F∂ t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏-´n-cp∂ Hcp aW-n-{]-hm-f-Ir-Xn-bmWv cnI Ncn-{X-Øn¬ ad™p-In-S-°p∂ Ht´sd IuXp-I-h-kvXp-XIƒ Cu `¿’-\-߃ A[n-Ihpw G‰p-hm-ßn-b-Xv. aWn-{]-hmfsa∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h-bmWv _m¿_dm tPm¨kWpw Kmen-bbpw kmln-Xy-im-J-bv°p-Xs∂ A«o-e-h¿W-\-I-sf∂ Zpjvt]cv tN¿∂v Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ tcJ. tIc-fob Pohn-X-Ønse kap-Zm-b- L-S-\-bpsS P\m-[n-]-Xy-kz-`mhw a\- n-em-°m≥ "tbmKw' F∂ Nm¿Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ Cu IrXn-°p≈ ÿm\w hep-Xp-am-Wv. ÿm]-\-sØ-°p-dn®p hn]p-e-amb ]T-\-߃ C\nbpw D≠m-I-Ww. F∂m¬ a{¥m-¶-Ønepw a‰p Nne-bn-S-ß-fn-ep-ambn NnX-dn-°n-S-∂n- cp∂ Ipsd t«mI-߃ s]dp-°n-sb-SpØv Hcp kzX-{¥-IrXn F∂ ae-bm-f-t\m-h-en-s\bpw Nn{X-I-e-sbbpw ap≥\n¿Øn B[p- t]cn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw AXns‚ t]cn¬ Hcp `mjm-km-ln- \n-I-Xm-hm-Z-Øns‚ cmjv{So-bm-t_m-[-sØ-°p-dn®p Kth-jWw \S- Xy-{]-ÿm\w Xs∂ sX‰mbn hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sp-I-bp-am-bn-cp∂p Ønb kp\n¬ ]n. Cf-bn-S-Øns‚ Kth-j-W-{]-_-‘-sØ-°p-dn®pw F∂p ÿm]n-°p∂ Cu {]_‘w `mjmkmln-Xy-]-T-\ßsf-°p- tIc-f-Ønse \m´p-ssh-Zy-Øns‚ ]cn-ÿnXn \mtSmSn hn⁄m-\o- dn®p ]pXnb Ah-t_m[w ]I-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. \ne-hn-ep≈ ]e kmln- b-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ C. DÆn-Ir-jvWs‚ Kth-j-W-{]-_-‘-sØ-°p- Xy-[m-c-W-Ifpw tNmZyw sNø-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-sW∂pw ]p\-c-t\z-j-W- dn®pw Kth-j-W-cw-K-Øn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p. ]pkvXI]q-c-WØn¬ ߃ Bh-iy-am-sW-∂pw Hm¿an-∏n-°p∂p Cu {]_-‘w. sI.Pn. i¶-c-∏n-≈-bpsS sI.-Pn.-F-kv. Ihn-X-Iƒ, Sn.sP.Fkv. tPm¿Pns‚ tLmj-bm{X F∂o ]pkvX-I-ß-sf-°p-dn®v tUm. H^odm Kwen-tb-ens‚ hni-Z-te-J\w hyXy-kvX-amb Hcp kvIdnbm k°-dnb Fgp-Xnbn-cn°p∂p. Kth-j-W-]-T-\-sØ-°p-dn®pw tUmIyp-sa-t‚-j-s\-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ A\p-`-h-hn-h-c-W-am-Wv. C{km-tb-en-te°p IpS-n-tbdnb ae-bm-fn- apXn¿∂ Kth-j-I¿s°m∏w ]pXp-X-e-ap-d-bnse Kth-j-Icpw Pq-X¿ AhnsS D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xpw tIc-f-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂- tN¿∂p tIc-f-hn-⁄m\w A¥¿ssh-⁄m-\n-I-ambn hnI-kn-∏n- Xp-amb khn-tij ae-bmfw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw hni-I-e\w sNøm- °p-∂-XmWv Xm]-k-Øns‚ ]pd-ß-fn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. Xm]kw \p-amWv H^od {ian-°p-∂-Xv. C{km-tb-ense ae-bm-fsØ Hcp {]mtZ-in-I-`m-j-bmtbm `mjm-t`-Z-amtbm AwKo-I-cn-°m-\m-Iptam _nPp kn. ]n. 2010 Pqsse- 2010 July Cjyq FUn-‰¿ F∂ kwibw Hcp-h-iØp \ne\n¬°p-∂p-≠v. AXn-s\-°p-dn®v Kth-jI t_m[-h-Xn-bp-am-Wv. F∂m¬, Hcphn`mKw Bfp-Iƒ D]- tbmKn-°p-∂Xpw A-Xn-thKw \mi-Øn-te°p t]mbn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p- ASAM, AP ∂-Xp-amb Hcp ae-bm-fsØ \ne-\n¿Øm\pw `mhn]T-\-߃°mbn - T 2 3 Zneo-]vIp-am¿ sI. hn. inev]Øn¬ Be-Øq¿aWn{]hmfsØ∏‰nbp≈ ]cma¿ihpw aplq¿Ø- ]-Z-hn-sb∂ tPymXnj{KŸØn¬\n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-bp-ap-≠v.