Rally Round the Flag! Accessed 2/19/2015 Home Exhibits Reference University Records Michigan History Digital Curation Search Home > Exhibits > Civil War TABLE OF CONTENTS Rally Round the Flag! Introduction Abolition & Slavery INTRODUCTION War! The American Civil War was Rally Round the Flag! a pivotal point in the history Training of the United States. It is estimated that almost 3.5 Supplying the Troops million soldiers served both Life in Camp North and South. More than Faces of Michigan 600,000 Americans died as a The Toll of War result of the conflict. One Family's Loss The Civil War was one of Peace and Legacy the first heavily documented and photographed wars in American history. Conducting warfare was not just a military process, but a bureaucratic process which produced millions of records. Soldiers wrote letters to family, friends, and even newspapers, in numbers never before seen. War correspondents covered that action from close to the front lines. Photographers such as Matthew Brady and Andrew Rally Round The Flag! This recruiting poster of the 23rd MI Infantry Gardner documented the was typical of the kind once the draft was horrors of the battlefield. implemented. In addition to avoiding the stigma of being drafted, the US Government, After the war, veterans and often local communities, offered cash joined together to form bounties to encourage men to enlist. fraternal organizations to EA.5b, Out box, Civil War Recruiting Posters, make sure that the Vertical File Collection sacrifices of their comrades were not forgotten. This online exhibit was created in the Winter of 2011, by Matthew Adair, a graduate student at the University of Michigan School of Information. 1150 Beal Avenue Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2113 U.S.A. | 734.764.3482 | Fax: 734.936.1333 Reference: [email protected] | Webmaster: [email protected] Copyright ©2009 The Regents of the University of Michigan Last modified: December 23, 2008 4:31:54 PM EST. Banner image from Jasper Cropsey's The University of Michigan Campus, 1855 http://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/civil_war/ 1 / 23 Rally Round the Flag! - Abolition and the Antislavery Movement Accessed 2/19/2015 Home Exhibits Reference University Records Michigan History Digital Curation Search Home > Exhibits > Civil War TABLE OF CONTENTS Rally Round the Flag! Introduction Abolition & Slavery ABOLITION AND ANTI-SLAVERY MOVEMENT War! Michigan had a long history of anti-slavery feelings, even before it Rally Round the Flag! became a state. Arthur St. Clair, the first governor of the Northwest Training Territory, frequently spoke out against the extension of slavery. By the 1820's, Detroit had become a crossing point into Canada for Supplying the Troops escaped slaves. The opening of the Erie Canal allowed increased Life in Camp settlement in the region, particularly from the New England States. Faces of Michigan Many of these new settlers brought with them strong abolitionist The Toll of War sentiments. One Family's Loss Peace and Legacy LAURA SMITH HAVILAND (1808-1898) Laura Smith was born to Quaker parents in Ontario, Canada. In 1825, she married Charles Haviland Jr., himself a devout Quaker. A few years after they were married, they moved to Lenawee County, Michigan. Haviland and other members of the community helped Elizabeth Margaret Chandler organize the Logan Female Anti-Slavery Society in 1832. It was the first anti-slavery organization in Michigan. The Haviland farm purportedly was the first station of the Underground Railroad established in Laura Smith Haviland with Slave Irons Michigan. “Photographs”, Box 1, Laura S. Haviland papers THE SIGNAL OF LIBERTY1 On November 10, 1836, delegates from southeast Michigan gathered at the First Presbyterian Church in Ann Arbor for an ‘Anti-Slavery State Convention.’ After two days, delegates established the Michigan State Anti- Slavery Society, adopted resolutions denouncing slavery, and decided to publish an antislavery newspaper. Purchasing a printing press and selling subscriptions in the Michigan Territory was challenging – and risky. In the fall of 1837, newspaper publisher Elijah Lovejoy was attacked by a pro-slavery mob in Alton, Illinois. Lovejoy was shot and killed when he refused to give up his printing press. Antislavery lecturers in Michigan faced angry crowds throughout the 1830s. In First edition of the Signal of Liberty http://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/civil_war/abolition.php 2 / 23 Rally Round the Flag! - Abolition and the Antislavery Movement Accessed 2/19/2015 spite of the difficulties, brothers William and Nicholas Sullivan published the first antislavery newspaper, American Freeman, in 1838 in Jackson, Michigan. The following year, Seymour Treadwell agreed to act as the editor and publisher of the Michigan Freeman. Both newspapers were issued only sporadically. Theodore Foster and Rev. Guy Beckley launched the Signal of Liberty in April 1841 and managed to go to press nearly every week. The printing office was located on the second floor of Josiah Beckley’s mercantile shop on Broadway Avenue in Ann Arbor. Guy Beckley Josiah Beckley’s mercantile shop on Broadway Avenue in Ann Arbor. helped in his brother’s store and “UCCs. Ann Arbor, Mich., views, worked tirelessly to promote the by area, Lower Town and Mills. newspaper. Theodore Foster was no. 63”, Ann Arbor, Michigan co-editor and publisher of the Signal photograph collection of Liberty until 1848. Foster and Beckley were strong abolitionists who wrote in the Signal of Liberty of helping people escaping from slavery. The editors interviewed self-emancipated men and women, hoping to arouse sympathy for abolitionism. They published the story of Robert Coxe, helpless to stop the beatings of his sister and mother, grief-stricken as his family was sold and separated. The newspaper covered the “kidnapping outrages” of African Americans in Detroit, Marshall and Cass County, Michigan. The Signal of Liberty achieved its goal of bringing the issue of slavery into the hearts and minds of the people. Nearly every issue included an antislavery poem, national news, and local notices. Minutes from antislavery meetings reveal a proliferation of organizations across the state and a growing desire to see slavery end in America. The events and movements described in the Signal of Liberty help us understand the issues that led people to resist slavery, change their churches and political parties, and fight for freedom. 1. Information on the Signal of Liberty from: Carol Mull, “Signal of Liberty,” http://signalofliberty.aadl.org/. 1150 Beal Avenue Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2113 U.S.A. | 734.764.3482 | Fax: 734.936.1333 Reference: [email protected] | Webmaster: [email protected] Copyright ©2009 The Regents of the University of Michigan Last modified: December 23, 2008 4:31:54 PM EST. Banner image from Jasper Cropsey's The University of Michigan Campus, 1855 http://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/civil_war/abolition.php 3 / 23 Rally Round the Flag! - War! Accessed 2/19/2015 Home Exhibits Reference University Records Michigan History Digital Curation Search Home > Exhibits > Civil War TABLE OF CONTENTS War! Introduction At 4:30 am, April 12, 1861, war officially broke out between the North Abolition & Slavery and South when Confederate forces under the command of P. G. T. War! Beauregard opened fire on Fort Sumpter in Charleston harbor, South Rally Round the Flag! Carolina. Training On April 15, 1861, President Abraham Lincoln issued his call for 75,000 Supplying the Troops troops to suppress the what many in the North considered an illegal Life in Camp insurrection. In the days following the outbreak, rumors swirled and Faces of Michigan uncertainty abounded. Communities across the nation rallied together The Toll of War in support of the cause. One Family's Loss Peace and Legacy THE CRISIS! GREAT UNION MEETINGS IN ANN ARBOR. On the 15th inst. our citizens were called together at the Court House at an early hour of the morning, by the ringing of the Court House bell, and the telegraphic dispatches of the night before read to them. The detailed and war-like character of the news inspired and roused up the latent patriotism of every heart present, and they went forth resolved upon immediate action. At 2 o’clock P.M., an impromptu meeting of our citizens, old and young, was held in the Court House, to take proper and effectual steps to do their part in subduing the present rebellion in the country and our flag from impending destruction, devastation and ruin which seemingly awaits it at the hand of the confederates of the Sunday April 21, 1861. Dr. Tappan seceded States of the Union. – leading a rally on the courthouse Dr. Tappan was called to the square in Ann Arbor following a flurry of rumors out of Washington, DC. chair, and E.B. Pond, editor of Emergencies and Wars, U of M & the the Michigan Argus, was Civil War. no. 358, University of appointed Secretary. Michigan photographs vertical file Speeches were made by Senator Bingham, Rev. Mr. Blades, R. G. DePuy, Esq., and by Chancellor Tappan, all of which were of a most patriotic, enthusiastic and Union character. The meeting was full, and the greatest enthusiasm was apparent. Friday evening last, upon the call of our worthy, active and efficient Mayor, John F. Miller, a meeting was held at the Court House for the purpose of inviting our citizens to take a portion of the State loan. E.B. Pond, Esq., was called to the Chair, and Hon. J.F. Miller appointed Secretary. Hon D. McIntyre stated the object and read the list of the names of those who had subscribed to take a portion of the loan, which subscription amounted to about $4,500. The meeting was addressed by Dr. Tappan and others, in a very spirited and patriotic manner, and was much enlivened by martial music and the patriotic songs of the Misses of the Union School, under the director of Prof.