2018 List of Contributors Lawrence Misa Aboagye CSIR-Plant Genetic Resource Research Institute, Bunso, Ghana Komla Elikplim Abotsi Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, University of Lomé, Togo Thiombiano Adjima University Ouaga1 Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, E-mail: [email protected] Komla Afiademanyo Department of Zoology, University of Lomé, Togo Wafaa M. Amer Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt, E-mail: [email protected] Komina Amévoin Department of Zoology, University of Lomé, Togo Diop Sall Aminata National Parks Directorate, Senegal, E-mail: [email protected] Benjamin Annor CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana Judith L. Arnolds South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, RSA, E-mail: [email protected] Jenneh F. Bebeley Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI), PMB 1313, Tower Hill, Freetown, Sierra Leone, West Africa John Bukombe Tanzania Wildlife Research Institution (TAWIRI), Box 661 Arusha, Tanzania Hagir Mahagoub EL-Nasry University of Khartoum, faculty of Forestry, Khartoum North, Sudan Mondjonnesso Gomina Department of Zoology, University of Lomé, Togo Danni Guo South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont 7735, Cape Town, RSA, E-mail: [email protected] Abdelnasir Ibrahim Hano University of Khartoum, faculty of Forestry, Khartoum North, Sudan Ouedraogo Issaka University Ouaga1 Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso Nacoulma Blandine Marie Ivette University Ouaga1 Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso Dimobe Kangbeni University Ouaga1 Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso x Global Biodiversity, Volume 3 Etayeb S. Khalid Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Tripoli University, Libya, E-mail: [email protected] Hamza Kija Tanzania Wildlife Research Institution (TAWIRI), Box 661 Arusha, Tanzania Kouami Kokou Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, University of Lomé, Togo, E-mail: [email protected] Nicephor Lesio Tanzania Wildlife Research Institution (TAWIRI), Box 661 Arusha, Tanzania Stephen Liseki Tanzania Wildlife Research Institution (TAWIRI), Box 661 Arusha, Tanzania Talaat Dafalla Abdel Magid University of Bahri, College of Natural Resources, Khartoum North, Sudan Honori Maliti Tanzania Wildlife Research Institution (TAWIRI), Box 661 Arusha, Tanzania Gueye Mathieu Laboratory of Botany, Department of Botany and Geology, UMI 3189, IFAN Ch. A. Diop BP 206 Dakar, Senegal, E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Mohamaed Menioui Scientific Institute of Rabat, Mohammed V. University, Morocco, E-mail: [email protected] Jean B. Mikissa National School of Forest and Water, Gabon, E-mail: [email protected] Ameer Awad Mohammed Wildlife Research Centre, Khartoum North, Sudan Mahklouf H. Mohammed Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Tripoli University, Libya, E-mail: [email protected] Emmanuel Bayani Ngoyi General direction for Environmental, Gabon, E-mail: [email protected] Ally K. Nkwabi Tanzania Wildlife Research Institution (TAWIRI), Box 661 Arusha, Tanzania, E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Prince E. Norman Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI), PMB 1313, Tower Hill, Freetown, Sierra Leone, West Africa, E-mail: [email protected]/[email protected] Yvonne S. Norman Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI), PMB 1313, Tower Hill, Freetown, Sierra Leone, West Africa Patrick Ofori CSIR-Soil Research Institute, Academy Post Office, Kwadaso, Kumasi, Ghana Michael Kwabena Osei CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana, E-mail: [email protected] Ouedraogo Oumarou University Ouaga1 Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso Flore Koumba Pambou Institute for Research on Agriculture and Forests, Gabon, E-mail: [email protected] List of Contributors xi Houinsodé Segniagbeto Department of Zoology, University of Lomé, Togo Janatu V. Sesay Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute (SLARI), PMB 1313, Tower Hill, Freetown, Sierra Leone, West Africa Stanford Mudenda Siachoono Department of Zoology and Aquatic Sciences, School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia, E-mail: [email protected] Ahmed A. H. Siddig University of Khartoum, faculty of Forestry, Khartoum North, Sudan; Harvard Forest, Harvard University – 324 North Main St., Petersham MA 1366, USA, E-mail: [email protected] B. A. Taïbou Ecological Monitoring Center, Rue Leon Gontran Damascus, Fann Residence, BP 15532 Dakar, Senegal, E-mail: [email protected] Global Biodiversity Volume 3 Selected Countries in Africa Edited By T. Pullaiah, PhD Apple Academic Press Inc. Apple Academic Press Inc. 3333 Mistwell Crescent 9 Spinnaker Way Oakville, ON L6L 0A2 Waretown, NJ 08758 Canada USA © 2018 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. Exclusive worldwide distribution by CRC Press, a member of Taylor & Francis Group No claim to original U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number-13: (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: (eBook) All rights reserved. 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For information about Apple Academic Press products, visit our website at www.appleacademicpress.com and the CRC Press website at www.crcpress.com Contents About the Editor ......................................................................................................vii List of Contributors ..................................................................................................ix List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................. xiii Preface ...................................................................................................................xvii 1. Phytodiversity of Burkina Faso ....................................................................1 Nacoulma Blandine Marie Ivette, Ouedraogo Issaka, Ouedraogo Oumarou, Dimobe Kangbeni, and Thiombiano Adjima 2. Biodiversity in Egypt ....................................................................................35 Wafaa M. Amer 3. Biodiversity in Gabon: An Overview ..........................................................63 Jean B. Mikissa, Flore Koumba Pambou, and Emmanuel Bayani Ngoyi 4. Biodiversity in Ghana ..................................................................................81 Michael Kwabena Osei, Lawrence Misa Aboagye, Patrickofori, and Benjamin Annor 5. Biodiversity in Libya ..................................................................................113 Mahklouf H. Mohammed and Etayeb S. Khalid 6. Biological Diversity in Morocco ................................................................135 Mohamaed Menioui 7. Biodiversity in Senegal: Terrestrial Ecosystems Flora and Great Fauna ................................................................................................175 Gueye Mathieu, Ba Taïbou, and Diop Sall Aminata 8. Biodiversity in Sierra Leone ......................................................................215 Prince E. Norman, Jenneh F. Bebeley, Janatu V. Sesay, and Yvonne S. Norman 9. Biodiversity in South Africa ......................................................................249 Danni Guo and Judith L. Arnolds 10. Biodiversity in Sudan .................................................................................275 Ahmed A. H. Siddig, Talaat Dafalla Abdel Magid, Hagir Mahagoub El-Nasry, Abdelnasir Ibrahim Hano, and Ameer Awad Mohammed 11. An Overview of Biodiversity in Tanzania and Conservation Efforts ....297 Ally K. Nkwabi, John Bukombe, Honori Maliti, Stephen Liseki, Nicephor Lesio, and Hamza Kija 12. Biodiversity in Togo ....................................................................................343