Disaster Risk Reduction Efforts and Resettlement Experience of JICA Philippines Hayato NAKAMURA Mr. Project Formulation Advisor on DRM JICA Philippines Today’s Presentation 1. Disaster experience and ROW (right of way)/ resettlement in the Philippines 2. JICA’s Experience in Ormoc 3. Further way to go: Disaster Risk Monitoring and Resettlement EFCOS (flood warning) KAMANAVA Flood Control Pasig Marikina River Channel Improvement Manggahan Floodway West Manggahan Flood Control Flood Control and Sabo Engineering Centre Whole area is covered by MMEIRS study, Metro Manila Drainage etc… 1: Disaster Experience and ROW (right of way)/ Resettlement in the Philippines Key steps for seeing relation between urban resettlement and people’s safety/ resilience Key Disaster Events in the Philippines • 2009 Typhoon Ondoy (Ketsana) @ Metro Manila 956 Claimed their life, Net amount of damages 4,383 mil dollars (2.7% of GDP) • 2011 Typhoon Sendong (Washi) @ Cagayan de Oro 1268 Claimed their life, Net amount of damages 48.4 mil dollars • 2013 Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) @ Tacloban Over 6,000 peoples Claimed their life, Net amount of damages 2.68 billion dollars Metro Manila‐ Typhoon Ondoy • Informal Settlers/ settlers along the river way: easily became victims for the flood • Encroachment‐ one of the big obstacles to undermine river capacity Previous Administration started “Relocation of the when having floods peoples at the disaster prone area” (2012 and onwards) Cagayan de Oro‐ Typhoon Sendong • Isla de Oro (Sandbar in the river)/ Macasandig area washed away totally Declaration of “No Build Zone” • JICA shared the notion of “River Boundaries” at the planning stage of flood risk management project after the disaster Tacloban‐ Typhoon Haiyan • A lot of peoples were washed away‐ particularly along the coastal settlers • JICA proposed Build Back Better Thorough hazard mapping and analysis: Proposed resilient land use planning (by seeing not only worst case scenario but also more frequent disaster case) Hazard Mapping of Storm Surge Yolanda 50 yr. return 10 yr. return (>100 yr) period period Not so different 2:JICA’s Experience- Ormoc Build Back Better in 1991‐ successful relocation in the project Ormoc tragedy (Nov 5, 1991) • Caused by Typhoon Uring (Thelma) 7,922 peoples claimed their life ORMOC with 23 mil dollars damages CITY •Rivers had only limited capacities due to encroachment of squatters, indiscriminate construction of structures at river bank • Urban area was over‐populated and urban poor occupied river banks/low‐lying areas. Ormoc Flood Mitigation Project (1998‐ 2002) •To cope with the anticipated scale of disaster in Ormoc, regulate destructive flow in upstream and downstream was necessary •Rivers have played major role for people’s live in Ormoc City Resettlement/ Right of Way Primarily –the responsibility of LGU Ormoc City Key elements for successful relocation •Inclusion of social facilities in the relocation area • Institutionalizing monitoring of illegal structures in the river in the city government operation • Awareness on Disaster: recall memory of damages Institutionalizing illegal structures • Background: No “River Flood Mitigation Committee Local Engr. Management” concept as it can City Gov Office of be seen in Developed Countries Public Works Securing minimal budget for O&M •In Government: Permanent Tech advisory/ massive O&M committee to discuss about the Collaborative monitoring works river maintenance • Tools: Visualize illegal structure by putting fences to see the line between river area and others Applicability for other flood mitigation projects Pasig Marikina River Channel Improvement Project Local Hazard Pinatubo Hazard Urgent Campaigning Mapping Mitigation Project Social Facilities In the area 3:Further Way to Go Disaster Risk Monitoring and Resettlement From Disaster Prevention to Disaster Risk Reduction • Philippines: With RA10121, To Prevent changed the policy for countermeasures on Disaster: from response basis to comprehensive DRRM • Japan: “Preventative measures” (with Engineering “decision”) has been changed to see more for “Disaster Risk” Disaster Philippines DRRM problems •A lot of efforts to involve various stakeholders • Whilst having risk assessment, it disconnects with the DRRM plan •There is no systematic monitoring system on Disaster Risks JICA’s new endeavor Mr. Osamu ITAGAKI, JICA Expert on DRRM assigned to the office of Civil Defense is now trying to introduce newly developed Japanese Disaster Risk Monitoring System in the Philippines From the research results of National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, MLIT, Japan. e.g. http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/kikou- site/data/info_data/2015_takenaka1.pdf Disaster Risk Graph (tentative name)* Example on flood Effect of measures to mitigate the damage caused被害の大きさを減じる適応策 by flood events. e.g. high standard levee, Effect of measures to lower the land主に高規格堤防、流域に踏み出した対策 use regulation in the flood risk area. frequency of the flood damage. e.g. river improvement work. Consideration of 被害の大unavoidable uncertainty catastrophic flood on the estimation disaster. damage ・Flood damage has multiple きさ Mitigation of the flood aspects. flood →Multiple axes of flood damage damage of estimation. Prevent severe Scale increase of flood Flood damage mitigation effects damage. of some measures have large uncertainty. →Consideration of the uncertainty. Scale / Return period of the flood Ancient With the With additional measures condition Current condition current plan * From the research results of National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management, MLIT, Japan. e.g. http://www.nilim.go.jp/lab/kikou‐site/data/info_data/2015_takenaka1.pdf 4. How to draw the DRG with limited available data (1) (1) Collect the available data (e.g. Hazard Maps) in the target area. Yolanda 30 yr. return (>100 yr) period *Example on Storm Surge 50 yr. return 10 yr. return period period 4. How to draw the DRG with limited available data (2) (2) Count the number of houses in the inundation area on each Hazard Map. area inundated in houses of Number 10 30 50 100 Scale / Return period of Storm surge 4. How to draw the DRG with limited available data (3) (3) Judge the intersection with the horizontal axes depending on past experiences or by engineering judgement. area inundated in houses of Number 10 30 50 100 Scale / Return period of Storm surge 4. How to draw the DRG with limited available data (4) (4) Draw the curve connecting the points. area inundated in houses of Number 10 30 50 100 Scale / Return period of Storm surge 4. How to draw the DRG with limited available data (5) (5) Clearly explain the limit of the DRG below the graph. area inundated One of the in Characteristics of the Storm houses of Surge Risk in the target area Number 10 30 50 100 Scale / Return period of Storm surge * This graph is tentatively drawn by … depending on limited available data. …. 5. How will the DRG be shifted (1) After some relocation projects completed, area inundated in houses of Number 10 30 50 100 Scale / Return period of Storm surge * This graph is tentatively drawn by … depending on limited available data. …. 5. How will the DRG be shifted (2) After a new coastal embankment construction project completed, area inundated in houses of Number 10 30 50 100 Scale / Return period of Storm surge * This graph is tentatively drawn by … depending on limited available data. …. 5. How will the DRG be shifted (3) If the number of houses in high risk areas increased, area inundated in houses of Number 10 30 50 100 Scale / Return period of Storm surge * This graph is tentatively drawn by … depending on limited available data. …. 6. How to use the DRG (1) (1) To monitor the Disaster Risk in the target area. As of 2015 area As of 2010 inundated in Strike out measures houses to shift the curve, even if of there is no actual disaster happened these years. Number Scale / Return period of Storm surge * This graph is tentatively drawn by … depending on limited available data. …. 6. How to use the DRG (2) (2) To share the effect of DRR by a proposed project. area current situation inundated after the project in houses Share the potential effect of of the project and discuss the priority of the project. Number Scale / Return period of Storm surge * This graph is tentatively drawn by … depending on limited available data. …. 6. How to use the DRG (3) (3) To discuss the priority of the DRR measures. B Municipality area A Municipality inundated in If the other conditions are houses almost the same, DRR of measures in B have relatively higher priority than A. Number Scale / Return period of Storm surge * This graph is tentatively drawn by … depending on limited available data. …. 6. How to use the DRG (4) (4) To monitor the effectiveness of ongoing/completed projects. e.g. monitoring the effectiveness of ongoing evacuation shelter project Before the project to hazard Current situation in evacuate Monitoring the residents cannot of effectiveness of the who project. shelter area Number Scale / Return period of Storm surge * This graph is tentatively drawn by … depending on limited available data. …. Further Potentials of Disaster Risk Graph in relocation/ RoW • Visualise relocation/ RoW needs amongst various stakeholders whilst having various other measures Fire case in LGU Kalibo, Akran • Possibilities‐ not only floods but also earthquake/ fire (need to develop the indicators to be put for horizontal axes) Fire case in Mandaluyong, MM Maraming Salamat po! Hayato Nakamura Project Formulation Advisor on DRM JICA Philippine Office [email protected].