MULTI-AGENCY EVALUATION OF TSUNAMI RESPONSE: THAILAND AND INDONESIA Prepared for: CARE International World Vision International Prepared by: Ayman Mashni Sheila Reed, Team Leader Virza Sasmitawidjaja Danai Sundhagul Tim Wright Final Report Augusti 2005 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................ iv Executive Summary.....................................................................................................................viii Background .............................................................................................................................viii The Purpose of the Evaluation, Team Composition and Methodology ..................................viii Main Findings..........................................................................................................................viii Effectiveness.................................................................................................................................. ix Management .............................................................................................................................. ix Human Resources Support ........................................................................................................ ix Sectoral Standards ...................................................................................................................... x Relevance and Appropriateness..................................................................................................... xi Impact ............................................................................................................................................ xi Coverage ........................................................................................................................................ xi Sustainability/Connectedness ....................................................................................................... xii Coordination and Collaboration.................................................................................................... xii Recommendations .................................................................................................................... xii 1 Evaluation Background ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Evaluation Purpose and Motivating Factors ....................................................................... 1 1.2 Users of the Evaluation....................................................................................................... 1 1.3 The Evaluation Team.......................................................................................................... 1 1.4 Data Collection Plan ........................................................................................................... 2 1.5 Constraints Experienced ..................................................................................................... 2 1.6 Multi-Method Approach ..................................................................................................... 3 1.7 Structure of the Report........................................................................................................ 3 2 The Indian Ocean Earthquakes and Tsunamis ........................................................................ 4 3 Tsunami Response in Thailand ............................................................................................... 6 3.1 The Context......................................................................................................................... 6 3.2 The Tsunami Disaster ......................................................................................................... 7 3.3 Effectiveness ....................................................................................................................... 8 3.4 Relevance and Appropriateness........................................................................................ 15 3.5 Impact................................................................................................................................ 18 3.6 Coverage ........................................................................................................................... 19 3.7 Sustainability/Connectedness............................................................................................ 23 3.8 Coordination and Collaboration........................................................................................ 23 4 Tsunami Response in Indonesia............................................................................................ 26 4.1 The Context....................................................................................................................... 26 4.2 The Tsunami Disaster ....................................................................................................... 27 4.3 Government Response ...................................................................................................... 29 4.4 Effectiveness ..................................................................................................................... 30 4.5 Relevance and Appropriateness........................................................................................ 47 4.6 Impact................................................................................................................................ 50 4.7 Coverage ........................................................................................................................... 51 ii 4.8 Sustainability/Connectedness............................................................................................ 52 4.9 Coordination and Collaboration........................................................................................ 54 Lessons, Good Practices and Opportunities Lost ......................................................................... 57 Effectiveness................................................................................................................................. 57 Management.......................................................................................................................... 57 Sectoral Standards ............................................................................................................... 59 Relevance and Appropriateness.................................................................................................... 60 Impact ........................................................................................................................................... 61 Coverage ....................................................................................................................................... 61 Sustainability/Connectedness ....................................................................................................... 61 Coordination and Collaboration.................................................................................................... 61 iii Acknowledgements In Thailand, the team wishes to thank the Raks Thai Foundation, a member of CARE International, and World Vision Thailand Tsunami Response Team based in Phuket for their excellent collaboration to support the data collection process in Bangkok and in the tsunami- affected areas. We especially thank Promboon Panitchpakdi, Suratana and Anchalee Phonkling of Raks Thai and Richard Rumsey and Edlin Lumanog of World Vision for their detailed planning and their kind assistance. In Indonesia, the team wishes to thank the World Vision Indonesia Tsunami Response Team in Banda Aceh, World Vision International in Jakarta and CARE Indonesia in Banda Aceh and Jakarta for their contributions to the evaluation. Special thanks are due to Therese Foster and Heather Van Sice of CARE and Oline Sigar, Kristen Sullens, Sri Agustiningsih, Clemensia Mwiti and Isabelle Gomes of World Vision for their day to day communications with and generous advice and support for the team. We extend our thanks to the evaluation managers, Jock Baker of CARE and Eleanor Monbiot of World Vision and to the World Vision ATRT staff in Singapore for paving the way for the team. Both organizations in both countries supported the data collection process generously with logistical support and interpreters. We are particularly appreciative of the efforts of the provincial, district and zonal staff of both organizations to spend time with us and for their contributions to this evaluation. We are very grateful for the skills of the interpreters and drivers who helped us immeasurably. We would like to express our great admiration for the national and international humanitarians who have worked tirelessly in chaotic conditions to assist the people in Thailand and Indonesia and we sincerely respect their dedicated efforts to save lives and livelihoods. Finally, we would like to express our unlimited empathy for the victims of the tsunami who are bravely planning their futures and seeking to come to terms with their losses. We hope that this evaluation will contribute to helping them return to productive lives. iv Tsunami-affected areas in Thailand and Indonesia v Acronyms AAH Action Against Hunger, Action Contra La Faim (ACF) AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ALNAP Active Learning Network for Accountability