Air Force Chief of Staff Gen John P. Jumper Commander, Air Education and Training Command Gen Donald G. Cook http://www.af.mil Commander, Air University Lt Gen Donald A. Lamontagne Commander, College of Aerospace Doctrine, Research and Education Col Bobby J. Wilkes Editor Lt Col Anthony C. Cain http://www.aetc.randolph.af.mil Senior Editor Lt Col Scott G. Wierschke Associate Editors Dr. Doris Sartor Maj Donald R. Ferguson Professional Staff Marvin W. Bassett, Contributing Editor Larry Carter, Contributing Editor http://www.au.af.mil Mary J. Moore, Editorial Assistant Steven C. Garst, Director of Art and Production Daniel M. Armstrong, Illustrator L. Susan Fair, Illustrator Mary P. Ferguson, Prepress Production Manager Air and Space Power Chronicles Luetwinder T. Eaves, Managing Editor http://www.cadre.maxwell.af.mil The Air and Space Power Journal, published quarterly, is the professional flagship publication of the United States Air Force. It is designed to serve as an open forum for the presentation and stimulation of innova­ tive thinking on military doctrine, strategy, tactics, force structure, readiness, and other matters of na­ tional defense. The views and opinions expressed or implied in the Journal are those of the authors and should not be construed as carrying the official sanc­ tion of the Department of Defense, the Air Force, Air Education and Training Command, Air University, or other agencies or departments of the US government. Articles in this edition may be reproduced in whole or in part without permission. If they are reproduced, Visit Air and Space Power Journal on-line the Air and Space Power Journal requests a courtesy at http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil line. or E-mail to [email protected] Fall 2002 Volume XVI, No. 3 AFRP 10-1 A Word from the Chief . 5 Gen John P. Jumper Prelaunch Notes . 6 Vortices A Change-Challenge: The Fire-Support Coordination “Box” . 7 Lt Col Mick Quintrall, USAF A New Construct for Air Force Counterspace Doctrine . 17 Maj John Grenier, USAF Organic versus Joint Organization . 24 Lt Col D. Robert Poynor, USAF, Retired Transforming the Submarine Force: Integrating Undersea Platforms into the Joint Global Strike Task Force . 26 Capt Floyd D. Kennedy Jr., USNR, Retired Ira C. Eaker Award Winners . 36 Features Airpower versus Asymmetric Enemies: A Framework for Evaluating Effectiveness . 37 Dr. Mark Clodfelter Historical Perspectives on Operational Environment Research and Objective Determination in Air Campaign Planning . 47 Lt Col Tony Wolusky, USAF Argentine Airpower in the Falklands War: An Operational View . 59 Dr. James S. Corum A Sea of Peace or a Theater of War? Dealing with the Inevitable Conflict in Space . 78 Col John E. Hyten, USAF PIREP A Global Engagement Enhancer: The International Health Specialist . 93 Col Jane B. Ward, USAF, Retired, MC, FS Col Kerrie G. Lindberg, USAF, NC Maj Daniel S. McNulty, USAF, MSC, CAAMA Maj Mona P. Ternus, USAFR, NC Review Essay The Military Use of Space: A Diagnostic Assessment . 100 Barry Watts On the Edge of Earth: The Future of American Space Power . 100 Steven Lambakis Astropolitik: Classical Geopolitics in the Space Age . 100 Everett C. Dolman Space Weapons, Earth Wars . 100 Bob Preston et al. Ten Propositions Regarding Spacepower . 100 M. V. Smith Reviewer: Lt Col Peter Hays, USAF Net Assessment Luftwaffe Bomber Aces: Men, Machines, Methods . 108 Mike Spick Reviewer: Lt Col Robert F. Tate, USAFR Mason Patrick and the Fight for Air Service Independence . 108 Robert P. White Reviewer: Col Eric Ash, USAF The Great War and the Twentieth Century . 109 Edited by Jay Winter, Geoffrey Parker, and Mary R. Habeck Reviewer: Col Eric Ash, USAF Liaison 1914 . 110 Edward Spears Reviewer: William T. Dean III, PhD Wingless Eagle: U.S. Army Aviation through World War I . 111 Herbert A. Johnson Reviewer: Col Eric Ash, USAF Hell in Hürtgen Forest: The Ordeal and Triumph of an American Infantry Regiment . 111 Robert Sterling Rush Reviewer: Maj James Gates, USAF The Global Century: Globalization and National Security . 113 Edited by Richard L. Kugler and Ellen L. Frost Reviewer: Dr. Karl P. Magyar No Gun Ri: A Military History of the Korean War Incident . 113 Robert L. Bateman Reviewer: Command Sgt Maj James H. Clifford, USA Jane’s Battles with the Luftwaffe: The Bomber Campaign against Germany, 1942–45 . 114 Theo Boiten and Martin Bowman Reviewer: Lt Col Robert Tate, USAFR War Wings: The United States and Chinese Military Aviation, 1929–1949 . 115 Guangqiu Xu Reviewer: Paul Rexton Kan, PhD Reluctant Allies: German-Japanese Naval Relations in World War II . 115 Hans-Joachim Krug et al. Reviewer: Dr. Frank P. Donnini Rolling the Iron Dice: Historical Analogies and Decisions to Use Military Force in Regional Contingencies . 116 Scot Macdonald Reviewer: Lt Youssef H. Aboul-Enein, USN Making War, Thinking History: Munich, Vietnam, and Presidential Uses of Force from Korea to Kosovo . 117 Jeffrey Record Reviewer: John H. Barnhill Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War . 118 Mark Bowden Reviewer: Col Jon Campbell, USAFR Reaching for the Stars: A New History of Bomber Command in World War II . 120 Mark Connelly Reviewer: 1st Lt Jay Hemphill, USAF Victory on the Potomac: The Goldwater-Nichols Act Unifies the Pentagon . 120 James R. Locher III Reviewer: Dr. Jeffrey Record US Allies in a Changing World . 121 Edited by Barry Rubin and Thomas A. Keaney Reviewer: Lt Youssef H. Aboul-Enein, USN Fighting with the Screaming Eagles: With the 101st Airborne from Normandy to Bastogne . 122 Robert M. Bowen, edited by Christopher J. Anderson Reviewer: 1st Lt Jay Hemphill, USAF The Kremlin’s Nuclear Sword: The Rise and Fall of Russia’s Strategic Nuclear Forces, 1945–2000 . 123 Steven J. Zaloga Reviewer: Capt Gilles Van Nederveen, USAF, Retired The Forgotten Air Force: French Air Doctrine in the 1930s . 124 Anthony Christopher Cain Reviewer: Col Phillip S. Meilinger, USAF, Retired Mission Debrief . 127 Air and Space Power Journal Board of Reviewers Prof. Tami Davis Biddle Dr. Tom Keaney Duke University School of Advanced International Studies Lt Col Price T. Bingham, USAF, Retired Johns Hopkins University Melbourne, Florida Prof. Theodore Kluz Lt Col Matthew Caffrey, USAFR USAF Air War College Operations Directorate Dr. Charles Krupnick Headquarters USAF US Army War College Brig Gen Phillip D. Caine, USAF, Retired Dr. Benjamin S. Lambeth Monument, Colorado RAND Dr. Don D. Chipman Lt Col David MacIsaac, USAF, Retired USAF Squadron Officer College Montgomery, Alabama Dr. Clayton K. S. Chun Dr. Karl P. Magyar US Army War College Montgomery, Alabama Dr. Mark Clodfelter Col Edward Mann, USAF, Retired National War College Colorado Springs, Colorado Dr. James Corum Dr. Jerome V. Martin USAF School of Advanced Airpower Studies Peru State College Dr. Conrad Crane Col Phillip Meilinger, USAF, Retired Strategic Studies Institute Science Applications International Corporation US Army War College Prof. John H. Morrow Jr. Dr. Dik A. Daso University of Georgia National Air and Space Museum Dr. Daniel Mortensen Smithsonian Institution USAF College of Aerospace Doctrine, Research Dr. Lee Dowdy and Education Alabama State University Prof. James Mowbray Col Dennis M. Drew, USAF, Retired USAF Air War College USAF School of Advanced Airpower Studies Dr. Karl Mueller Brig Gen (Sel) Charles Dunlap Jr., USAF RAND Staff Judge Advocate Dr. Richard R. Muller USAF Air Combat Command USAF Air Command and Staff College Dr. Stephen Fought Col Robert Owen, USAF, Retired USAF Air War College Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Col David M. Glanz, USA, Retired Dr. Reina J. Pennington Journal of Slavic Military Studies Norwich University Col Thomas E. Griffith, USAF Dr. James Smith USAF 39th Support Group USAF Institute for National Security Studies Incirlik, Turkey Col James Spencer, USAF Dr. John F. Guilmartin Jr. USAF Academy The Ohio State University Col Richard Szafranski, USAF, Retired Dr. Grant T. Hammond Toffler Associates Center for Strategy and Technology Air University Dr. James Titus USAF Academy Prof. Daniel Hughes USAF Air War College Col Mark Wells, USAF USAF Academy Dr. Thomas Hughes USAF Air War College Dr. Kenneth P. Werrell Lt Col Mark P. Jelonek, USAF Christianburg, Virginia Space Division Dr. Harold R. Winton USAF Weapons School USAF School of Advanced Airpower Studies 4 A Word from the Chief Why “Air and Space”? GEN JOHN P. JUMPER,CHIEF OF STAFF N THIS EDITION, only the title has One way we respect those differences is changed. The Air and Space Power Jour­ by understanding we need to develop nal continues its distinguished tradi­ space warriors—those trained in the plan­ tion of providing Airmen a forum to ning and execution of space-based opera­ Ibecome knowledgeable and debate the is- tional concepts. At the same time, these sues of our profession. This intellectual ac­ warriors are still Airmen who work in our tivity is critically important—it is the fuel Air and Space Operations Center, integrat­ behind the leadership and vision needed ing space capabilities with air and surface to continue the transformation of the capabilities. Air and space capabilities have world’s greatest Air Force. We must be pre- to work together to bring the right war- pared to meet all the challenges of this mil­ fighting effect to the right target at the lennium—both in our current war on ter­ right time. We will accomplish this trans- rorism, and beyond. Our nation expects formational marriage of air and space ca­ this of us, and we will do it. pabilities through the horizontal integra­ The January 2001 Space Commission re- tion of our manned, unmanned, and space platforms. Our air and space warriors are port represents a significant intellectual ef­ working side by side to make this happen. fort, studying how our nation should best Another way we respect the differences utilize space in the 21st century.