LITTLE STARS CIRCUS CIRCUS SCIENCE PHYSICS GCSE AQA & EDEXCEL CIRCUS SCIENCE PAGE | 02 Quick Overview TEACHERS PACK CONTENTS Page 3 - AQA GCSE Physics specification points covered in video content Page 4 - EDEXCEL GCSE Physics specification points covered in video content Page 5 - EDEXCEL GCSE Physics specification points covered in video content continued Page 6 - Video overview viewing guide Page 7 - Student handout for video part 1 - SCALAR AND VECTOR QUANTITIES, CONTACT AND NON CONTACT FORCES Page 8 - Student handout for video part 2 - GRAVITY CALCULATING WEIGHT, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION Page 9 - Student hand out for video part 3 - FORCE, WORK DONE, CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM Page 10 - PRINTER FRIENDLY Student handout for video part 1 - SCALAR AND VECTOR QUANTITIES, CONTACT AND NON CONTACT FORCES Page 11 - PRINTER FRIENDLY Student handout for video part 2 - GRAVITY CALCULATING WEIGHT, VELOCITY AND What we ACCELERATION COVER Page 12 - PRINTER FRIENDLY Student handout for video part 3 - FORCE, WORK DONE, CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM CIRCUS SCIENCE PAGE | 03 Specification review AQA GCSE PHYSICS 4.5.1.1 Scalar and vector quantities – Scalar quantities have magnitude only. Vector quantities have magnitude and an associated direction. A vector quantity may be represented by an arrow. The length of the arrow represents the magnitude, and the direction of the arrow the direction of the vector quantity. 4.5.1.2 Contact and non-contact forces – A force is a push or pull that acts on an object due to the interaction with another object. All forces between objects are either: a) contact forces – the objects are physically touching b) non-contact forces – the objects are physically separated. Examples of contact forces include friction, air resistance, tension and normal contact force. Examples of non-contact forces are gravitational force, electrostatic force and magnetic force. Force is a vector quantity. 4.5.1.3 Gravity – Weight is the force acting on an object due to gravity. The force of gravity close to the Earth is due to the gravitational field around the Earth. The weight of an object depends on the gravitational field strength at the point where the object is. The weight of an object can be calculated using the equation: weight = mass × gravitational field strength (weight in newtons, mass in kilograms, gravitational field strength in newtons per kilogram). The weight of an object may be considered to act at a single point referred to as the object’s ‘centre of mass’. 4.5.6.1.3 Velocity – The velocity of an object is its speed in a given direction. Velocity is a vector quantity. Students should be able to explain the vector–scalar distinction as it applies to displacement, distance, velocity and speed. (HT only) Students should be able to explain qualitatively, with examples, that motion in a circle involves constant speed but changing velocity. 4.5.6.1.5 Acceleration – Acceleration = change in velocity/time taken (acceleration in metres per second squared, change in velocity in metres per second, time in seconds). An object that slows down is decelerating. The following equation applies to uniform acceleration: (final velocity)^2 – (initial velocity)^2 = 2 × acceleration × distance (final velocity in metres per second, initial velocity in metres per second, acceleration in metres per second squared, distance in metres). Near the Earth’s surface any object falling freely under gravity has an acceleration of about 9.8 m/s^2 . 4.5.6.2.2 Newton's Second Law – The acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force acting on the object, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object, shown by: resultant force = mass × acceleration (force in newtons, mass in kilograms, acceleration in metres per second squared). 4.5.2 Work done and energy transfer – When a force causes an object to move through What we a distance work is done on the object. So a force does work on an object when the force causes a displacement of the object. The work done by a force on an object can be calculated using the equation: work done = force × distance (work done in joules, force COVER in newtons, distance in metres) (moved along the line of action of the force). 4.5.7.2 Conservation of momentum – In a closed system, the total momentum before an event is equal to the total momentum after the event. This is called conservation of momentum. Students should be able to use the concept of momentum as a model to describe and explain examples of momentum in an event, such as a collision. CIRCUS SCIENCE PAGE | 04 Specification review EDEXCEL GCSE PHYSICS 2.1 Explain that a scalar quantity has magnitude (size) but no specific direction. 2.2 Explain that a vector quantity has both magnitude (size) and a specific direction. 2.3 Explain the difference between vector and scalar quantities. 2.4 Recall vector and scalar quantities, including: a) displacement/distance b) velocity/speed c) acceleration d) force e) weight/mass f) momentum g) energy. 2.5 Recall that velocity is speed in a stated direction. 2.6 Recall and use the equation: speed (metre per second, m/s) = distance (metre, m) ÷ time (s). 2.8 Recall and use the equation: acceleration (metre per second squared, m/s2) = change in velocity (metre per second, m/s) ÷ time taken (second, s) 2.9 Use the equation: (final velocity)^2 (m/s^2) – (initial velocity)^2 (m/s^2) = 2 × acceleration (m/s^2) × distance (m). 2.13 Recall that the acceleration, g, in free fall is 10 m/s2 and be able to estimate the magnitudes of everyday accelerations. 2.15 Recall and use Newton’s second law as: force (newton, N) = mass (kilogram, kg) × acceleration (metre per second squared, m/s2) 2.16 Define weight, recall and use the equation: weight (newton, N) = mass (kilogram, kg) × gravitational field strength (newton per kilogram, N/kg). 2.17 Describe how weight is measured. 2.18 Describe the relationship between the weight of a body and the What we gravitational field strength. 2.20 Explain that an object moving in a circular orbit at constant speed has a COVER changing velocity. 2.25 Describe examples of momentum in collisions. 8.6 Recall and use the equation: work done (joule, J) = force (newton, N) × distance moved in the direction of the force (metre, m) CIRCUS SCIENCE PAGE | 05 Specification review EDEXCEL GCSE PHYSICS 9.1 Describe, with examples, how objects can interact a at a distance without contact, linking these to the gravitational, electrostatic and magnetic fields involved b by contact, including normal contact force and friction c producing pairs of forces which can be represented as vectors. 9.2 Explain the difference between vector and scalar quantities using examples 9.3 Use vector diagrams to illustrate resolution of forces, a net force, and equilibrium situations (scale drawings only) What we COVER PAGE | 06 CIRCUS SCIENCE Viewing guide VIDEO OVERVIEW PART 1: SCALAR AND VECTOR QUANTITIES, CONTACT AND NON CONTACT FORCES Time on video: 2.30 Scalar Measurements Vector Measurements Distance and displacement Forces Friction and air resistance PART 2: GRAVITY, VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION Time on video: 7.55 Gravity Weight and mass Calculating weight Center of mass Calculating acceleration PART 3: FORCE, WORK DONE, CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM Time on video: 14.48 Calculating force - Newtons 2nd Law Calculating work done Conservation of momentum We recommend viewing Our Video this video in three sections to split the OVERVIEW content between lessons and topics covered in class A S T U D E N T S G U I D E T O SCALARS AND VECTORS CONTACTS AND NON-CONTACT D I S T A N C E A D S C A L A R Q U A N T I T I E S FORCES D I S P L A C E M E N T Distance = scalar Has a magnitude (size) Displacement = vector e.g. speed, distance, mass V E C T O R Q U A N T I T I E S Someone on a treadmill Has magnitude AND could run 5km BUT their DIRECTION displacement is 0 as they have stayed on the same e.g. velocity, displacement, spot acceleration Direction may be described or written as an arrow 11m/s downwards F O R C E N O N C O N T A C T A push or a pull that acts F O R C E S on an object due to interaction with another Between two objects that object. C O N T A C T F O R C E S are non physically touching each other Vector quantity Between two objects that are touching each other e.g. Gravitational force All forces are contact or non contact e.g. friction and air resistance A E R I A L E X A M P L E S A E R I A L E X A M P L E S Friction Circular drop Air resistance Gravitational force Travel = 3m around pivot Displacement = 0 A S T U D E N T S G U I D E T O GRAVITY - CALCULATING WEIGHT VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION M A S S O F A N A E R I A L I S T G R A V I T Y Mass = 50kg Gravitational field around M A S S V W E I G H T Gravitational field strength on the earth. Mass = how much matter in an earth = 9.8 object. Weight of an object 50kg x 490N = 490N depends on gravitational field strength where the Remains the same everywhere object is.