Normal Laboratory Values/Adult Patients Clinical Chemistry Tests Lipid Panel Alanine aminotransferase 13–48 U/L Cholesterol, total 160–240 mg/dL (ALT, SGPT) HDL cholesterol >40 mg/dL Albumin 3.6–5.2 g/dL LDL cholesterol <130 mg/dL Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 35–120 U/L Triglycerides 55–200 mg/dL Amylase, serum 44–128 U/L Aspartate aminotransferase 15–41 U/L (AST, SGOT) Bilirubin, conjugated 0–0.2 mg/dL Thyroid Function Tests Bilirubin, total 0.2–1.2 mg/dL Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 2–11 μU/mL Calcium 8.5–10.5 mg/dL Thyroxine, free (FT4) 0.8–2.4 ng/dL Carbon dioxide (CO2), total 23–30 mEq/L Thyroxine, total (T ) 4.0–12.0 μg/dL Chloride 98–109 mEq/L 4 Triiodothyronine (T )70–200 ng/dL Creatine kinase (CK, CPK) 40–260 U/L 3 Triiodothyronine (T ) resin uptake 25–38% Creatinine 0.7–1.2 mg/dL 3 (T3RU) Gamma glutamyltransferase 5–40 U/L (GGT) Glucose, fasting 65–110 mg/dL Hemoglobin A1C 5.0–7.0% of total Hb Blood Gases Iron, serum 50–170 μg/dL Iron-binding capacity, total 270–390 μg/dL Arterial Venous (TIBC) Base excess À3.0 to À5.0 to Lactate, serum (venous) 5.0–20.0 mg/dL +3.0 mEq/L +5.0 mEq/L Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 110–260 U/L Bicarbonate 18–25 mEq/L 18–25 mEq/L Lipase 10–140 U/L (HCO3) – – Magnesium 1.5–2.5 mg/dL pO2 80 95 mm Hg 30 48 mm Hg – – Potassium 3.5–5.1 mEq/L O2 saturation 95 98 % 60 85 % – – Prostate-specific antigen 0–4 ng/mL pCO2 34 45 mm Hg 35 52 mm Hg – – Protein, total 6.1–7.9 g/dL Total CO2 23 30 mEq/L 24 31 mEq/L – – Sodium 136–147 mEq/L pH 7.35 7.45 7.32 7.42 Troponin I <2.5 ng/mL Troponin T <0.2 ng/mL Urea nitrogen 6.0–20.0 mg/dL Hematology and Coagulation Tests Uric acid 2.6–7.2 mg/dL White blood cell (WBC) 4.4–11.0 K/mm3 count Hemoglobin 12.2–15.0 g/dL (continued) # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 1811 P.M. Paulman et al. (eds.), Family Medicine, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-04414-9 1812 Normal Laboratory Values/Adult Patients Hematocrit 37.0–54.0 % Eosinophils 0–5% Red blood cell (RBC) count 3.80–5.20 million/mm3 Basophils 0–2% Mean corpuscular volume 85.0–95.0 μm3 Sedimentation rate (MCV) Adult male 15 mm/hr Mean corpuscular 26.0–34.0 pg/cell Adult female 20 mm/hr hemoglobin (MCH) Coagulation tests – MCH concentration 32.6 36.0 g/dL Fibrinogen 200–400 mg/dL (MCHC) Partial thromboplastin time 60–85 seconds – Red cell distribution width 11.5 15.0 % (PTT) (RDW) Activated PTT 25–35 seconds Platelet count 150.0–420.0 K/mm3 Prothrombin time (PT) 11–14 seconds Reticulocyte count 0.5–1.5 % of RBCs Note: The reference intervals shown are for adults and may WBC differential vary according to technique or laboratory, or as new – Neutrophils 38 70 % methods are introduced. Always consult the reference Lymphocytes 16–49 % range for your own laboratory. Monocytes 2–9% (continued) Index A respiratory acidosis, 1267–1268 ABCDE rules, 1605 respiratory alkalosis, 1266–1267 ABCX family crisis model, 390 AC joint arthritis, 1474–1475 ABCX model, 391 Acne, 1570–1572 Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), 89 fulminans, 1571 Abdominal pain, 1160 inversa, 1573–1574 Abdominal pathology, patient evaluation ACOG, 158 history, 1212–1213 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 563, 870 imaging, 1214–1215 Acquired renal cystic disease, 1289 laboratory testing, 1214 Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, 573 physical examination, 1213–1214 ACTH stimulation, 1708 Abdominal radiation, 1203 Actinic keratosis, 1603–1604 Abdominal trauma Actinic lentigo, 1606 background, 1217–1218 Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk Reduction diagnosis, 1218 (ACCORD) trial, 1652, 1656, 1657 management, 1218–1219 Activated charcoal, 616–617 Abetalipoproteinemia, 1639 Active listening, 713 Ablation therapy, 990, 994 Active suicidal ideations, 441 Abnormal uterine bleeding, 1371, 1375–1379 Activities of daily living (ADL), 306 Abnormalities in vital signs, 460–461 Acupuncture, 420, 767, 1392, 1466, 1780–1781 Absence epilepsy, 825 Acute abdomen, 1212 Absent breast tissue, 1418 Acute abdominal pain, 1212 Absolute reticulocyte count, 1723 Acute abnormal uterine bleeding, 1371 Absolute risk reduction, 52 Acute angle-closure glaucoma, 923 Abstinence, 541 Acute back pain, 682–683 Abuse, 388 Acute bacterial prostatitis, 1299 Acalculous cholecystitis, 1223 Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS), 242 Acamprosate, 767 Acute bilirubin encephalopathy, 223 Accommodation loss. See Presbyopia Acute bronchiolitis, 244 Accountable Care Organization (ACO), 61, 1788 Acute bronchitis, 513–514 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Acute cervical strain, 1468–1469 1768 Acute closed angle glaucoma, 899–900 Accutane, 1572 Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), 974, 976–978, 1066 ACE inhibitors, 968–969, 1073, 1289 Acute cystitis, 154 Acetabular labral tear (ALT), 1498 Acute gastroenteritis, 250–251 Acetaminophen (APAP), 618–621, 1519 Acute headaches, 881 Achilles tendon, 1505 Acute heart failure syndrome (AHFS), 1025–1026 Achilles tendon rupture, 692, 1508–1509 Acute interstitial nephritis, 503, 1284 Achilles tendonopathy, 692 Acute kidney injury (AKI) Acholic stools, 1163 definition, 1283 Acid base disorders postrenal, 1284–1285 metabolic acidosis, 1264–1266 prerenal, 1283–1284 metabolic alkalosis, 1267 prevention and treatment, 1285–1286 mixed acid–base disturbance, 1268–1270 risk factors, 1285 # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 1813 P.M. Paulman et al. (eds.), Family Medicine, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-04414-9 1814 Index Acute lacerations Adenoviral conjunctivitis, 894 anesthesia, 635–638 Adenoviruses, 892, 1144, 1235 antibiotics, 646–647 ADHD. See Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder coding and billing, 647–648 (ADHD) indications/contraindications to primary closure, ADHD-predominately hyperactive/impulsive, 256 634–635 fidgety, 256 principles and techniques, wound closure, 639–643 interrupts, 256 skin anatomy and wound healing, 634 restless, 256 suture characteristics, 639, 640 talkative, 256 wound care and follow up, 647 Adhesive capsulitis, 1477 wound closure, 634 Adhesive strips, 645, 646 wound preparation and assessment, 638–639 Adipose tissue, 701 Acute limb ischemia, 1052 Adiposity, 701 Acute mesenteric ischemia, 1236 Adjunctive therapies, 521–522 Acute orchitis, 1323 Adjunctive treatment, 524 Acute otitis media (AOM), 244–246 Adjustment disorder, 416 causes, 929 Adjuvant therapy, 704 complications, 931 Adnexal torsion, 1439 diagnosis, 929–930 Adolescence stage epidemiology, 929 driving, 20 prevention, 931 puberty, 19, 20 treatment, 930–931 sexual identity and development, 20 Acute pain, 788 substance use, 19–20 Acute pancreatitis, 1158, 1463 Adolescent acne, 1571 Acute pelvic pain Adolescents, 101–103, 722 definition, 1436 anticipatory guidance, 300 diagnosis, 1437 confidentiality, 295 gastrointestinal disorders, 1439 emotional maturity, 296 history, 1436 immunizations, 299 imaging modalities, 1437 physical examination, 299 infectious gynecologic causes of, 1437–1438 psychosocial health issues, 297 laboratory analysis, 1436–1437 sexual development, 299 noninfectious gynecologic causes of, 1438–1439 Adrenarche, 1706 physical exam, 1436 Adult cardiovascular life support (ACLS) program, 840 pregnancy risk, 1437 Adult hearing loss, 948–949 urinary tract disorders, 1439–1440 conductive hearing loss, 948 Acute pericarditis, 1053–1054 evaluation and diagnosis, 948–949 Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, 524 prevention, 949 Acute proliferative glomerulonephritis, 1276 sensorineural hearing loss, 948 Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), treatment, 949 1112–1114 Adult Protective Services (APS), 351 Acute rheumatic fever, 524 Adult vaccination, 83 Acute rhinosinusitis, 520 Advance and cut technique, 662–663 Acute risk, 444 Advance directive, 345 Acute SMA occlusion, 1236 Advanced adenomas, 1201 Acute somatization Advanced directives, 802–803 social support, 453 Advanced lipid tests, 1641 stress-related symptoms, 453 Advanced maternal age, 161–162 Acute stress disorder, 412, 416 Adverse Events Reporting System (VAERS), 75 Acute urinary retention, 1298 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), Acute urticaria, 1577 74, 84 Acyclovir (Zovirax), 156, 540, 877 Aerobic exercise, 1550, 1655 Adaptive immune responses, 508 Affective deficits, 559 Addison disease, 1710 African-American men, 1103 Adenocarcinoma, 1106 Age-adjusted D-dimer, 1045 Adenohypophysis, 1702 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Adenoma detection rate (ADR), 1205 74, 1762 Adenomas, 1200 Aging, 722 Adenomyosis, 1443 Agitation, 344 Index 1815 Agoraphobia, 413, 414 5α-reductase inhibitors, 1298 AIDS. See Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome Alpha thalassemia trait, 1726 (AIDS) Alprazolam, 857 Air bronchograms, 221 Altemeier procedure, 1191 Air pollution, 1104 Altered sleep, 476 Akinesia, 852 Alveolitis, 1120 Alanine aminotransferase, 1167 Alzheimer’s disease, 853, 1641 Albendazole, 252, 568, 570, 1143 Amantadine (Symmetrel), 854–856 Alcohol, 72, 78, 83, 87, 162, 1158, 1160–1163 Amaurosis fugax, 921 Alcohol abuse, 40 Amblyopia, 924 Alcohol consumption, 1202 Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, 971 Alcohol septal ablation, 1062 Amenorrhea, 142, 460, 1213, 1371, 1383 Alcohol use disorder (AUD), 414, 755 American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP), diagnosis, 756–757 1428, 1793 prevalence, 756 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), 1314 screening, 756 American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists treatment, 757–759 (AACE), 1653 Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), 756 American Board of Family Medicine, 41 Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) The American Board of Family Practice (ABFP), 5 DT management, 763 American Board of Medical