SCRS/2020/061 Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT, 77(9): 34-84 (2020) THE ITALIAN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON SMALL TUNAS C. Piccinetti1, P. Addis2, A. Di Natale3, F. Garibaldi4, F. Tinti5 SUMMARY The Italian scientists have a long tradition of studies and research on many large pelagic species including, among others, the small tunas. The various small tuna species are important for the Italian fishery since many centuries, mostly from a socio-economical point of view. Some non- indigenous species are now present in the ICCAT Convention area. This is the first attempt to list together the many papers published so far by Italian scientists, concerning the biology of these species, the fisheries and many other scientific and cultural issues. The aim of this paper is to provide an annotated bibliography, with specific key words, even if it is surely incomplete, because of the many papers published over the years. This bibliography, which includes 309 annotated citations, was set together to serve the scientists and to help them in finding some rare references that might be useful for their work. RÉSUMÉ Les scientifiques italiens ont une longue tradition d'études et de recherches sur de nombreuses de espèces de grands pélagiques y compris, entre autres, les espèces de thonidés mineurs. Les différentes espèces de thonidés mineurs sont importantes pour la pêche italienne depuis de nombreux siècles, principalement d'un point de vue socio-économique. Certaines espèces non autochtones sont maintenant présentes dans la zone de la Convention de l’ICCAT. Il s'agit de la première tentative de répertorier les nombreux articles publiés à ce jour par des scientifiques italiens concernant la biologie de ces espèces, les pêcheries et de nombreuses autres questions scientifiques et culturelles. Le but de ce document est de fournir une bibliographie annotée, avec des mots clés spécifiques, même si elle est sûrement incomplète, en raison des nombreux articles publiés au cours des années. Cette bibliographie, incluant 309 citations annotées, a été établie pour les scientifiques afin de les aider à trouver des références rares qui pourraient leur être utiles dans leur travail. RESUMEN Los científicos italianos tienen una larga tradición de estudios e investigaciones sobre muchas especies de grandes pelágicos, lo que incluye, entre otros, a los pequeños túnidos. Las diversas especies de pequeños túnidos son importantes para la pesquería italiana desde hace muchos siglos, principalmente desde un punto de vista socioeconómico. Algunas especies no indígenas están ahora presentes en la zona del Convenio de ICCAT. Este es el primer intento de reunir los diversos documentos publicados hasta ahora por científicos italianos, sobre la biología de estas especies, las pesquerías y muchos otros temas científicos y culturales. El objetivo de este documento es proporcionar una especie de bibliografía anotada, con palabras clave específicas, incluso aunque la lista sea seguramente incompleta a causa de los muchos documentos publicados a lo largo de los años. Esta bibliografía, que incluye 309 citas de documentos, se reunió para servir a los científicos y ayudarles a hallar algunas raras referencias que podrían resultarles útiles para su trabajo. 1 Laboratorio di Biologia Marina e Pesca, University of Bologna in Fano, Viale Adriatico 1, 61032 Fano (PU), Italy [email protected] 2 Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Via Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, Italy [email protected] 3 Aquastudio Research Institute, Via Trapani 6, 98121 Messina, Italy. [email protected] 4 DISTAV, st. VII-16, University of Genova, Palazzo delle Scienze, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy [email protected] 5 University of Bologna, Lab. Genetics & Genomics of Marine Resources & Environment (GenoDREAM), Dept. Biological, Geological & Environmental Sciences, via Sant'Alberto, 163, 48100 Ravenna, Italy [email protected] 34 KEYWORDS Atlantic bonito, Sarda sarda, Bullet tuna, Auxis rochei, frigate tuna, Auxis thazards, Atlantic little tunny, Euthynnus alletteratus, plain bonito, Orcynopsis unicolor, skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, narrow- barred Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus commerson, West African Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus tritor, Wahoo, Acanthocybium solandri, Indian mackerel, Rastelliger kanagurta, black skipjack, Euthynnus lineatus, dogtooth tuna, Gymnosarda unicolor, king mackerel, Scomberomorus cavalla, eastern Pacific bonito, Sarda chilensis, bibliography, biology, reproduction, feeding, distribution, migrations, economy, history, fisheries, catches, techniques, technology, systematics, nomenclature, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Atlantic Ocean 1. Foreword This paper was prepared for providing an annotated overview of the Italian literature on small tunas, including: Atlantic bonito, Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793), bullet tuna, Auxis rochei (Risso, 1810), frigate tuna, Auxis thazard (Lacépède, 1800), Atlantic little tunny, Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810), black skipjack, Euthynnus lineatus (Kishinouye, 1912), plain bonito, Orcynopsis unicolor (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817), skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758), narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus commerson (Lacépède, 1800), West African Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus tritor (Cunier, 1832), Wahoo, Acanthocybium solandri (Cunier, 1832), king mackerel, Scomberomorus cavalla (Cunier, 1829) and dogtooth tuna, Gymnosarda unicolor (Rűppell, 1836). The choice was driven by the fact that most of these species are part of the Italian fishery culture since historical times, having a huge socio-economic interest, while others are immigrant or occasional species. Many papers were written in Italian, a language which is now not on the list of the three used in ICCAT (English, French and Spanish), and possibly some scientists have problems in understanding the contents. Another reason for setting-up this annotated bibliography is because many papers are not available in electronic format and therefore some young collegues, who are not used to study and mine in traditional libraries anymore, seem not able to detect the various studies that have been carried out so far on these species. However, as a matter of fact, most of the modern studies on small tunas in the Mediterranean area have Italian, Spanish, Greek, Turkish or Arabic authors, even if Italian authors are a majority. Therefore, it is a sort of national proudness trying to put together the list of papers on these species that we have been able to find so far, annotating them with keywords for improving the opportutinies to detect them with an electronic searching engine. Furthermore, a similar work is not already available at all for these species, even if some papers were included in the fundamental work on tuna species provided by Corwin (1929) and then updated by Van Campen and Hoven (1956). Not-annotated literature reviews, including also small tuna species, were provided by Cavanna (1880), Morović (1950), Collette and Nauen (1983), Cavallaro (1996), Cau and Andaloro (1996), Orsi Relini et al. (1996), Pillai and Mallia (2007) and, limited to the tuna trap fishery papers, by Di Natale (2012 and 2018). Besides the high socio-economic importance of these fisheries, the number of scientific papers is not mirroring their relevance. 2. Criteria The bibliography on small tunas species included in this work was selected when an Italian scientist was the only author of a paper or when one or more Italian scientists were among the authors of collective papers. This was the only criterium we used for selecting the papers, independently if they were peer-review papers, books, not-peer-review papers, papers present to conferences or meetings or congresses, reports to public administrations or project reports. 35 Of course, each paper included in our list shall be directly related to one or more species of small tunas (Atlantic bonito, Sarda sarda, bullet tuna, Auxis rochei, frigate tuna, Auxis thazard, Atlantic little tunny, Euthynnus alletteratus, plain bonito, Orcynopsis unicolor, skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, narrow-barred Spèanish mackerel, Scomberomorus commerson, West African Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus tritor, Wahoo, Acanthocybium solandri, king mackerel, Scomberomorus cavalla, dogtooth tuna, Gymnosarda unicolor), even if, in some cases, the small tunas are concerned by just a part of the text. The immigrant and vagrant species, which are now present in the Mediterranean Sea, have been included in this review, while they are usually not included in the SCRS ICCAT list (see the most recent list published by the SCRS Small Tunas Species Group, Anonymous, 2020). For the very ancient papers, we reported the first edition that it was possibly to find, independently from the date of the original work. When vernacular names or old scientific names were used in the original paper, they were possibly listed in the annotation. The annotations required each paper to be checked in detail and this implied a huge workload. The annotations show the main subjects in the content, and we mostly used the descriptors proposed by ASFIS (Fagetti, Privett and Sears, 2009), adding additional descriptors when necessary. As concerns the main species included in each reference, we used both the international common name(s) and the Latin name(s). 3. Discussion One of the major problem for this additional list was the need to homogenise the style of all citations, which were reported under many different styles. Apparently,