fcgkj ljdkj fcgkj jkT; vkink izca/ku izkf/kdj.k ¼vkink izca/ku foHkkx½ iar Hkou] f}rh; ry] iVuk&1 Training of Engineer in Chief, Chief Engineer and Superintending Engineer On Earthquake Resistant Buildings Reading Material (Presentations) INDEX Presentations Page (1) Disaster Damage Scenario & Disaster Management 1 (2a) Elements of Engineering Seismology and Types of Seismic hazards 13 (2b) Ground failure, Soil liquefaction, Site Selection, Sub surface Investigations 21 (3) Principles of Earthquake Resistant Buildings and Architectural Considerations 27 (4) EQ Resistant Design of Masonry Buildings, RVS, Seismic Retrofitting 37 (5) RC Buildings: Types of Failures & Code Recommendations 54 Precautions in Construction, Quality Assurance, Structural Audit (6) Mitigation of Non-Structural Elements, Fire Safety 66 Seismic safety in Building Bye Laws; Structural Design Basis Report (7) DRR Road Map, NDMA Guidelines, and Technical Intervention 83 fcgkj ljdkj fcgkj jkT; vkink izca/ku izkf/kdj.k vkb;s vc ge dqN iz'uksa ij fopkj djsa ¼vkink izca/ku foHkkx½ iar Hkou] f}rh; ry] iVuk&1 . vkink izca/ku ds 'kCn Hazard, Vulnerability, dk D;k vFkZ gSa \ (1) Risk & and Disaster vkink izca/ku D;k gS \ . Disaster Management . vkink tksf[ke dks de dSls djsa \ . vkink izca/ku dh pkj eq[; voLFkk,a \ Disaster Damage Scenario . vkink izcU/ku esa pkjksa voLFkkvksa esa vfHk;Urkvksa dh D;k Hkwfedk gS\ 50 min [krjk] laosnu'khyrk] tksf[ke vkSj vkink [krjk (Hazard, Vulnerability, Risk & Disaster) (Hazard) Hazard izkd`frd vf'k{kk] xjhch ,oa @ ekuo tfur RISK lajpuk vlqj{kk ds [krjk fdlh le; dh ,oa fdlh {ks= ?kVuk gSaA ;g gkfu dkj.k] yksx [krjksa ls dh oLrqfLFkfr ;k ?kVuk gSA ;g gkfu igq¡pk ldrh gSaA Vulnerable cu tkrs gSaA ig¡qpk ldrk gSaA [krjk vkink esa ifjofrZr gks ldrk gSA ;g izkd`frd [krjk ?kfVr gksus ij] thou vkSj vk/kkjHkwr <k¡ps ds ;k ekuo tfur gks ldrk gSA fouk'k ds dkj.k] Disaster vk tkrk gSaA {kfriwfrZ ds fy;s ckgjh lgk;rk dh vko';drk iM+rh gSA 1 unh ls dVko Vªsu nq?kZVuk+ HkwdEi ck<+ ck¡/k VwVuk 'khrygj vkxyxh izkd`frd [krjs ekuotfur [krjs va/kM+ yw vdky vksyko`f"V Budk lM+d nq?kZVuk vkradokn izkd`frd [krjksa esa o`f) izkd`frd [krjksa esa o`f) ds dkj.k Hkh"k.k pØokr fNVQqV Hkkjh o"kkZ cQZckjh taxyks dk dVuk i;kZoj.k {kj.k iznw"k.k HkweaMyh; egkuxjksa dk xje tehu dk dVko vlkekU; rkiØe lq[kkM+ rki o`f) }hi dh rjg gksuk e:LFkyhdj.k 2 fdlh O;fDr ;k leqnk; dh Hks|rk (Vulnerability) Hks|rk (Vulnerability) vf'k{kk] xjhch] Lohdk;Z thou i)fr [krjk ds nq"ifj.kke dk iwokZuqeku ugha [krjukd {ks= uje feÍh ij vkinkvksa esa dj ikuk] vFkok cpus ;k lkeuk djus esa l?ku vkcknh edku ,oa lajpuk,a vlqjf{kr ?kj esa vleFkZ gksuk] vkSj bldss vk?kkr ls 'kgjksa esa vfu;ksftr vi;kZIr fpfdRlk lkekftd okrkoj.k laHkyus dh {kerk ugha gksukA ,oa l?ku okl ,oa LoPNrk esa uktqdrk [krjksa dh tkudkjh leqnkf;d vkinkjks/kh • Hks|rk dk vkdyu lEHkkfor uqdlku dk vHkko lg;ksx dk vHkko ctV ij ncko {kerk vkink tksf[ke (Capacity) (Risk) tksf[ke U;wuhdj.k esa lgk;d miyC/k lalk/ku laHkkfor {kfr ,oa uqdlku i;kZIr {kerk Hks|rk dks de dj nsrh gSA uhfrfu/kkZj.k] lfØ; laLFkku] ,oa lk/kuA . thouksa dk laHkkfor uqdlku HkkSfrd] rduhdh ,oa vkfFkZd lalk/kuA . laHkkfor ?kk;yksa dh la[;k izf'kf{kr ekuo lalk/ku rFkk çkS|ksfxd fodklA lajpukvksa@lEifÙk ds laHkkfor {kfr dh ek=k lkeqnkf;d tkx:drk] lg;ksx o HkkxhnkjhA . vkthfodk ds oSdfYid mik;A . vkfFkZd dke&dkt] lkekftd O;oLFkk ,oa iwoZ psrkouh gsrq izf'kf{kr fgr/kkjdA i;kZoj.k esa laHkkfor fo?kVu dk ifjek.k 3 vkink tksf[ke (Disaster Risk) [krjksa dks vkink esa ifjofrZr gksdj izkd`frd [krjksa {kfr ig¡qpkus dh lEHkkoukA esa o`f) tksf[ke vkink [krjk laosnu'khyr {kerk tksf[ke = x / (Risk) k lkekftd esa o`f) Intensity, Weak Buildings, Available & okrkoj.k esa Extent, Vulnerable area, Potential Timing Poverty resources cnyko Evaluation . Number of Deaths and Injured . Loss on Damaged buildings and Property of DR . Loss of Economic Activities vkink tksf[ke U;wuhsdj.k vkink (DRR) [krjksa dh le> laosnu'khyrk fo'ys"k.k . fdlh {ks= esa ;k fdlh txg ij] tksf[ke vFkok nq?kZVuk [krjk ekufp=] mez] fodykax] xjhch] ;k ykijokgh ls] vkink izdV gks ldrh gSA HkwdEi tksu eSi det+ksj edku . ;g egkfoifRr ,o xgjs ladV dh fLFkfr gSA . vkink esa tku dk Hkkjh uqdlku ;k vfr'k; ekuoh; {kerk&c)Zu ihM+k ;k lEifÙk dh {kfr ,oa uqdlku ;k i;kZoj.k dh vkink ls fuiVus@mcjus ds lk/ku@'kfDr {kfr ,oa {kj.k gks ldrk gSA lajpukRed ,oa lkekftd lalk/kuksa dk lwph . vkink dk lkeuk djus ,oa laHkyus ds fy;s ckgjh lgk;rk dh vko';drk iM+rh gSA leqnk; dh tkx:drk o Hkkxhnkjh 4 vkink izcU/ku % lekt ds fofHkUu lewgksa }kjk vkink izca/ku dh pkj eq[; voLFkk,a Mitigation : tksf[ke dk vkdyu] jksdFkke vkink vkink lajpkRed ,oa xSj&lajpukRed lss igys ds ckn 'keu] {kerko)ZuA Preparedness : vkink iwoZ rS;kjh] psrkouhA jkgr] cpko Tkksf[ke U;wuhdj.k jkgr vkSj cpko] {kfr ewY;kaduA iquokZl] iqu:)kj Response : jksdFkke] rS;kjh iquokZl] iqufuZekZ.k] iqu#RFkku] vkink {kfr ls iw.kZr;k cpk ugha tk ldrk( ijUrq mi;qDr izcU/ku Recovery : rduhfd }kjk] blds vk?kkr dks dkQh nqcZy cuk;k tk ldrk gSA lkekU; thou dh izkfIrA (BBB) vkink izcU/ku esa vfHk;Urkvksa dh Hkwfedk izkd``frd vkink vkink fcxkM+rh gS( vfHk;ark cukrs gSaA vfHk;Urk ljdkjksa esa vkink izcU/ku dh Li"V uhfr gS] tcfd] mi;qDr rduhfd ds }kjk] fØ;kUo;u dh dke;kch vfHk;arkvksa ds gkFk es gSA 5 Recovery : iquokZl vkSj lkekU; thou izkfIr ds nkSjku SHELTER cpko izfØ;k lkeqnkf;d vkJ; ,oa ihus dk ikuh dk lapkyu Vk;ysV dk fuekZ.k Normally, engineers are field workers. Response: lajpukvksa dk iqufuZekZ.k @ lqn`<+hdj.k LFkk;h vkokl fuekZ.k jkgr ,oa tckch dkjZokbZ ds nkSjku {kfrxzLr vk/kkjHkwr lajpukvksa dk iqufuZekZ.k @ lqn`<+hdj.k lqjf{kr@ vlqjf{kr vkJ; iqufuZekZ.k @ lqn`<+hdj.k vfuok;Z lsokvksa dh iqu% 'kq:vkr lajpukvksa dks NkWVuk esa rduhdh lgk;rkA vkthfodk iqu#RFkku esa lgk;rk vkink U;wuhdj.k ds nkSjku Mitigation : Preparedness : orZeku lajpukvksa dk ewY;kadu ,oa lqn`<+hdj.k DAMAGE GRADE G1, G2, G3, G4,G5 uohure bathfu;jh lqjf{kr lajpukvksa esa orZeku lajpukvksa dk orZeku lajpukvks vlqjf{kr lajpuk rduhfd dk lajpukvks dk izkIr Ductility Qksjsafld vkdyuA dk lqn`<+hdj.kA ij psrkouh nsukA KkuvtZu ,oaa mi;ksx fuekZ.k djus esa lfØ; gksuk vlqjf{kr clkoV ij tkx:d djukA Tkksf[ke {ks=ksa dh igpku] lqjf{kr bathfufjax rduhfd Hkwfe mi;ksx dh ;kstuk dks QSykuk vkink iwoZ rS;kjh dh xfrfof/k;ksa esa 'kjhd gksukA 6 lHkh izdkj ds fuekZ.k vkinkjks/kh cus] ;g lqfuf'pr djuk] vfHk;arkvksa dh izkFkfed ftEesokjh gSA Damage Scenario vkink izcU/ku esa] mi;qDr rduhd ds under Re-occurrence of mi;ksx dh fof'k"V tkudkjh okys] dq'ky Major Earthquake at vfHk;Urk dh ek¡x ges'kk cuh jgsxhA Bihar-Nepal Border gesa l'kDr gksdj vkSj feydj vkxs c<+uk gSA ge dqN iz'uksa ij fopkj djsa . fcgkj ds dksSu ls ftys fdl Hkwdai tksu esa gSa \ . fcgkj dks izHkkfor djusokys foxr cMs+ HkwdEi \ . foxr Hkwdaiksa esa gqbZ {kfr dk ifjn`'; \ . fcgkj esa lEHkkfor HkwdEi ds izHkko D;k gksaxs \ . HwkdEi izca/ku esa D;k&D;k =qfV;ka gSa \ 7 fcgkj dks izHkkfor djusokys foxr cMs+ HkwdEi 26 vDVwcj 1833] 'kke 5-30 ls 8 cts] 1833 Bihar-Nepal earthquake HkwdEi dsUnz % usiky esa] lhek ls 100 fd-eh- Mij 7.5 - 8 . usiky esa 414 yksx ekjs x;s . eqtIQjiqj] eqaxsj ,oa vU; txgksa ij Hkou <+gs @ {kfrxzLr gq, . A violent Earthquake which shaked Eastern 15 tuojh 1934] nksigj 2-13 cts] India and Nepal. HkwdEi dsUnz % usiky esa] lhek ds ikl M8.4 . Epicenter was 100 km north of Indian border, . usiky esa 8519 yksx ,oa Hkkjr esa 7]153 yksx ekjs x;s . eqaxsj ,oa HkVxkWo cckZn] usiky lhek ls lVs ftyksa esa Hkh"k.k {kfr inside Nepal. 21 vxLr 1988] lqcg 4-39 cts] . Widespread damage occurred in Nepal. HkwdEi dsUnz dh nwjh % usiky esa] lhek dsM6.6 ikl . 1.2 m deep water was thrown out of tanks, at . fcgkj esa 282 yksx ekjs x;s ,oa 3]766 yksx vkgr gq, . fcgkj esa 25]093 Hkou /oLr ,oa 1]24]241 Hkou {kfrxzLr Muzaffarpur 25 vizhy 2015] lqcg 11-41 cts] M 7.8 . A Chasm of considerable size was formed in the HkwdEi dsUnz % usiky esa] dkBek.Mw ls 80 fd-eh- mRrj if'pe . earth at Chapra. usiky esa djhc 7000 yksx ekjs x;s vkSj Hkkjr esa 78 . usiky esa yk[kksa Hkou /oLr gks x;sA . No loss of life was reported in India. usiky esa Hkjriqj] dkBek.Mw esa lHkh eq[; /kjksgj lajpuk cckZn gks x;kA 1934 ds HkwdEi dh rhozrk 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake . One of the most violent earthquakes. Large parts of the cities of Motihari, Muzaffarpur nyny x and Darbhanga and, Patan and Kathmandu the numerous villages in between were destroyed. In Sitamarhi, Madhubani and Purnia houses had IX greatly tilted and sank into the ground.