Acute Food Insecurity Situation in Sindh Results of IPC Food Insecurity Analysis for Jamshoro, Sanghar, Umerkot and Tharparkar Districts of Sindh IPC Global Partners With the support of OBJECTIVES OF IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS • Assess the acute food insecurity situation in 4 drought prone districts in Sindh (Jamshoro, Sanghar, Tharparkar and Umerkot) • Classify areas based on the prevalence of acute food insecurity • Identify major contributing factors to acute food insecurity • Indicate implications for response planning METHODOLOGY OF ANALYSIS • Due to absence of recent secondary data for acute analysis, primary data was collected through Livelihood and Food Security Assessment (LFSA) during April/May 2017 • Training on tool of LFSA from April 20-22, 2017 • Data collection by experienced field staff of member organization of FSWG including Bureau of Statistics (BoS)-Sindh from April 23 to May 06, 2017 • District teams supervised by experienced staff of BoS-Sindh • Monitoring of data collection by staff of BoS-Sindh, FAO and WFP • Data entry led by staff of FAO • Data analysis by data analysts of IPC RSU, FAO, WFP and BoS • Training on IPC Acute Analysis from May 18-21, 2017 • IPC Acute Analysis workshop from May 22-24, 2017 • IPC Acute Analysis Report - reviewed by IPC Regional and Global Support Unit • Presentation of the IPC Acute findings – presentation of results to different government and non-government workshops INDICATORS USED IN IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY ANALYSIS • Food consumption-food consumption score, sources of food, minimum dietary diversity • Expenditure on food • Iodized salt consumption • No. of meals eaten yesterday • Household hunger score • Child feeding- minimum dietary diversity, minimum meals frequency • Health and Nutrition- Nutritional status (GAM status) of under 5 children, Nutritional status of PLW, prevalence of disability, distance to health facility, problems in accessing health care • Assets- ownership of physical and productive assets • Land- ownership and cultivation, sufficiency of own produced cereals, water availability for agriculture • Livestock- ownership, deaths, sale • Income quintiles • Sources of Livelihood- agriculture, non-agriculture, sustainable, unsustainable • Reduced coping strategies (rCSI) • Livelihood coping strategies • Debt- source, reasons, outstanding amount • Migration • Water- Access to improved sources of water, time to collect water, quality measures to improve water, • Sanitation- Access to improved sanitation • Exposure to natural shocks/hazards (flood, drought etc) • Housing-ownership status, # of rooms, cooking fuel, access to electricity • Assistance received DATA SOURCES • Livelihood and Food Security Assessment (LFSA) 2017 • SMART Survey (Jamshoro, Tharparkar) • National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS) • Crop Production • Livestock Production • Food Stocks • Prices KEY HIGHLIGHTS Of the total population in 4 districts, • 26% is estimated to be in Phase 4 (Emergency Acute Food Insecurity) • 24% in Phase 3 (Crisis Acute Food Insecurity) • 23% in Phase 2 (Stressed Acute Food Insecurity) and • 27% in Phase 1 (Minimal Acute Food Insecurity) • Out of 4 districts analysed, 3 (Tharparkar, Jamshoro, and Sanghar) are classified as Phase 4 or Emergency Phase, because based on the analysis of outcome and contributing factors, 20% or more population in these district was in Phase 4. 1 district (Umerkot) is classified in Phase 3 or Crisis IPC ACUTE FOOD INSECURITY IN 4 DISTRICTS OF SINDH, PAKISTAN Avg. No of Acres of Land Owned and Avg. No of Acres of Land Owned and Cultivated Cultivated 6.0 3.9 3.1 1.9 1.9 2.6 2.5 1.9 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.3 .6 Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Non-arid area Desert/Arid area Land Ownership (Number of Acres of Agricultural Land Ownership (Number of Acres of Agricultural Land Land Owned) Owned) Land Cultivation (Number of Acres Cultivated) Land Cultivation (Number of Acres Cultivated) Land Ownership Distribution (# of Acres) 5% 5% 13% 12% 4% 9% 7% 16% 8% 23% 5% 6% 8% 3% 8% 7% 6% 12% 8% 7% 8% 83% 83% 80% 74% 68% 69% 61% Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Non-arid area Desert/Arid area District Arid/Non-arid Area 0 Acres 1-2 Acres 3-4 Acres 5+ Acres Number of Months Owned Produced Cereals from Last Season were Sufficient for Household Consumption (Avg.) 4.4 4.0 3.9 3.4 2.4 2.5 1.2 1.6 0.7 Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Non-arid area Desert/Arid Women Men area District Arid/Non-arid Area Gender of Head of Household Number of Months Owned Produced Cereals from Last Season were Sufficient for Household Consumption Overall 36% 11% 7% 45% Umerkot 57% 6% 1% 37% Tharparkar 7% 17% 16% 60% Sanghar 60% 12% 28% Jamshoro 60% 4% 35% >3 months 2-3 months 1 month No cereals stock available Number of Months Own Produced Cereals from Last Season Were Sufficient for Household Consumption Desert/Arid area 17% 13% 11% 59% Non-arid area 68% 9% 23% >3 months 2-3 months 1 month No cereals stock available Number of Months Own Produced Cereals from Last Season Were Sufficient for Household Consumption Men 37% 11% 7% 45% Women 23% 15% 10% 52% >3 months 2-3 months 1 month No cereals stock available 28% 15% 6% Overall 67% 7% 18% 10% Cows 35% 21% Buffalos 1% Ownership of Ownership Jamshoro 58% 2% 13% Camels 16% Livestock/Poultry by by Livestock/Poultry 26% Goats 18% 6% Sanghar 47% 3% Sheep 9% 12% Households Donkeys 21% 1% 14% Tharparkar 92% Poultry birds Poultry 17% 34% 4% 30% 21% 5% Umerkot 72% 7% 17% 9% 13% 10% 0% Urban 28% Cows 1% 3% Urban/Rural 5% Buffalos Ownership of Livestock/Poultry by Households by Livestock/Poultry of Ownership 32% 16% Camels 8% Rural 76% 9% Goats 22% 12% Sheep 32% 33% Donkeys 1% Non-arid area 60% 2% Desert/Arid Area Desert/Arid 6% Poultry birds Poultry 12% 32% 5% 13% Desert/Arid area 88% 13% 33% 11% Percentage of Livestock/Poultry Died During Percentage of Livestock/Poultry Died During Past Six Months Past Six Months Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Non-arid area Desert/Arid area 0 -5 -10 -6 -8 -8 -9 -15 -10 -20 -15 -16 -25 -18 -19 -30 -21 -21 -23 -35 -27 Cows Buffalos Camels Cows Buffalos Camels Goats Sheep Donkeys Goats Sheep Donkeys Poultry birds Poultry birds Food Consumption Score 24% 38% 44% 40% 42% 50% 47% 55% 55% 30% 24% 28% 26% 27% 22% 26% 25% 25% 46% 36% 34% 29% 28% 31% 27% 19% 20% Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Urban Rural Non-arid area Desert/Arid Area District Urban/Rural Desert/Arid Area Poor Borderline Acceptable Food Consumption Score 33% 31% 35% 39% 41% 45% 46% 50% 48% 60% 66% 26% 29% 32% 24% 26% 25% 27% 24% 27% 25% 24% 43% 33% 37% 33% 38% 30% 27% 26% 25% 14% 10% Rich Men Poor Middle Women Very rich Very Very poor Very Agriculture Sustainable Unsustainable Non-Agriculture Gender of head of Status of primary Primary sources of Income Quintiles household sources of livelihood livelihood Poor Borderline Acceptable Share of Food in Total Household Expenditure 29% 41% 38% 41% 45% 43% 46% 41% 41% 36% 29% 32% 29% 30% 28% 26% 28% 27% 26% 19% 20% 18% 17% 17% 22% 19% 20% 10% 11% 9% 11% 10% 7% 11% 10% 12% Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Urban Rural Non-arid area Desert/Arid Area District Urban/Rural Desert/Arid Area < 50% 50%-65% 65%-75% >75% Share of Food in Total Household Expenditure 28% 33% 37% 42% 47% 43% 26% 35% 30% 28% 30% 28% 27% 22% 23% 19% 16% 19% 19% 9% 11% 9% 11% 9% Women Men Unsustainable Sustainable Agriculture Non-Agriculture Gender of head of household Status of primary sources of livelihood Primary sources of livelihood < 50% 50%-65% 65%-75% >75% Minimum Dietary Diversity of Women Minimum Dietary Diversity of Women (MDD- (MDD-W) W) based on 10 food groups based on 10 food groups 38% 37% 35% 40% 39% 29% 29% 23% 30% 25% 17% Men Rural Urban Women Non-arid area Non-arid Desert/arid Desert/arid Area Urban/Rural Desert/Arid Area Gender of head of Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot household Minimum Dietary Diversity of Women (MDD-W) based on 10 food groups 49% 43% 34% 31% 33% 28% 28% 25% 21% Rich Poor Middle Very rich Very Very poor Very Agriculture Sustainable Unsustainable Non-Agriculture Status of primary sources of Primary sources of Income Quintiles livelihood livelihood Percentage of Children Age 6-23 Months with Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) 29 25 20 16 12 Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Household Hunger Score 1 1 3 1 10 15 23 23 18 43 28 33 47 17 72 48 44 37 38 Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot % of households with HHS of 0 (None-Phase 1) % of households with HHS of 1 (Slight-Phase 2) % of households with HHS of 2-3 (Moderate-Phase 3) % of households with HHS of 4-6 (Severe-Phase 4) Household Hunger Score 1 1 2 1 20 25 22 41 21 30 35 19 52 49 42 39 Non-arid area Desert/arid Area Women Men Desert/Arid Status Gender of head of household % of households with HHS of 0 (None-Phase 1) % of households with HHS of 1 (Slight-Phase 2) % of households with HHS of 2-3 (Moderate-Phase 3) % of households with HHS of 4-6 (Severe-Phase 4) Reduced Coping Strategies 22% 27% 26% 26% 30% 32% 31% 39% 34% 20% 19% 29% 28% 25% 27% 27% 26% 25% 58% 55% 45% 44% 42% 46% 37% 41% 39% Overall Jamshoro Sanghar Tharparkar Umerkot Urban Rural Non-arid area Desert/Arid Area District Urban/Rural Desert/Arid Area No/Low Medium High Reduced Coping Strategies 19% 28% 30% 30% 32% 40% 19% 26% 22% 32% 26% 19% 62% 45% 49% 41% 38% 42% Women Men Unsustainable Sustainable Agriculture Non-Agriculture Gender of head of household Status of primary sources of livelihood Primary sources of livelihood No/Low Medium High Livelihood Coping Strategies