Revista del Museo de Historia Natural ARNALDOA U N I V E R S I D A D P R I V A D A A N T E N O R O R R E G O El Museo de Historia Natural, es la unidad que conserva, educa, investiga y difunde los conocimientos que generan ȱȱÇęȱȱȱȱàȱ ¢ȱàȱȱȱȱàȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱÇǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ 18(1) ISSN : 1815-8242 Enero - Junio TRUJILLO REPÚBLICA DEL PERÚ 2011 1 $UQDOGRD ,661 Floristic Checklist of the Peruvian Lomas Formations &DWiORJRÀRUtVWLFRGHODVLomas peruanas Michael O. Dillon Botany Department, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA. PGLOORQ#¿HOGPXVHXPRUJ Segundo Leiva González & Mario Zapata Cruz Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Casilla Postal 1075, Trujillo, PERÚ. VHJXQGRBOHLYD#KRWPDLOFRPP]DSDWDF#XSDRHGXSH Pedro Lezama Asencio Departamento Académico de Ciencias, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, PERU. SOH]DPDD# JPDLOFRP Victor Quipuscoa Silvestre Departamento Académico de Biología, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, PERU. YTXLSXVFRDV#KRWPDLOFRP Abstract $ÀRULVWLFFKHFNOLVWRIWKH3HUXYLDQlomasIRUPDWLRQVLVSUHVHQWHGFRQVLVWLQJRIRQH*QHWRSK\WD J\PQRVSHUP IDPLOLHVJHQHUDDQGVSHFLHVRI/LOLRSVLGD PRQRFRW\OHGRQV DQGIDPLOLHVJHQHUDDQGVSHFLHVRI 0DJQROLRSVLGD GLFRW\OHGRQV IRUDJUDQGWRWDORIIDPLOLHVJHQHUDDQGVSHFLHV7KHFKHFNOLVWLVEXWDVQDSVKRW RIWKLVÀRUDRXUVRXUFHVRIUHFRUGVLQFOXGHVPDQ\\HDUVRI¿HOGFROOHFWLQJUHFRUGLQJlomasSODQWVKHUEDULDLQ3HUXWKH 8QLWHG6WDWHVDQG(XURSH5HFRUGVDUHVXSSRUWHGZLWKYRXFKHUVRIZKLFKWKHPDMRULW\DUHDFFHVVLEOHYLDDVHDUFKDEOH GDWDEDVHDQGDVVRFLDWHGZLWKGLJLWL]HGKHUEDULXPLPDJHV$EULHIGHVFULSWLRQRIWKH3HUXYLDQlomasIRUPDWLRQVDUHYLHZ RIKLVWRULFDOFROOHFWLQJHIIRUWVDQGDGLVFXVVLRQRIIDFWRUVLQÀXHQFLQJlomasG\QDPLFVDUHSUHVHQWHG/RFDOLW\PDSVDQG DOLVWLQJRIlomasIRUPDWLRQVZLWKDSSUR[LPDWHFRRUGLQDWHVDUHSURYLGHG .H\ZRUGV3HUXFKHFNOLVWlomas formation. Resumen 6HSUHVHQWDXQFDWiORJRÀRULVWLFRGHODVlomasFRVWHUDVGHO3HU~TXHFRQVLVWHGHXQD*QHWRSK\WD JLPQRVSHUPD IDPLOLDVJHQHURV\HVSHFLHVGH/LOLRSVLGD PRQRFRWLOHGRQHDV \IDPLOLDVJHQHURV\HVSHFLHVGH 0DJQROLRSVLGD GLFRWLOHGRQHDV KDFLHQGRXQWRWDOGHIDPLOLDVJHQHURV\HVSHFLHV(OFDWiORJRFRQVWLWX\HXQ FRQVROLGDGRGHODÀRUDORPDOFX\DVIXHQWHVGHUHJLVWURVLQFOX\HQPXFKRVDxRVGHUHFROHFFLRQGHPXHVWUDVHQHOFDPSR DVLFRPRFRQVXOWDVHQKHUEDULRVGH3HU~(VWDGRV8QLGRV\(XURSD/RVUHJLVWURVHVWDQUHVSDOGDGRVSRUFROHFFLRQHVGH KHUEDULRGHODVFXDOHVODPD\RUtDVRQDFFHVLEOHVYLDEDVHVGHGDWRV\DVRFLDGDVFRQLPDJHQHVGHKHUEDULRGLJLWDOL]DGDV 6HSUHVHQWDWDPELHQXQDEUHYHGHVFULSFLRQGHODVLomasSHUXDQDVXQDUHYLVLRQKLVWyULFDGHORVHVIXHU]RVGHUHFROHFFLyQ \XQDGLVFXVLRQGHORVIDFWRUHVTXHLQÀX\HQHQODGLQiPLFDlomal$VLPLVPRVHSURSRUFLRQDQPDSDVGHORFDOLGDGHV\ XQDOLVWDGHIRUPDFLRQHVGHlomasFRQFRRUGHQDGDVDSUR[LPDGDV 3DODEUDVFODYH3HU~FDWiORJRIRUPDFLyQ lomal. Introduction DQGODUJHO\UHVWULFWHGWRWKHIRJ]RQHORFDWLRQVRUlomas )RU QHDUO\ NP DORQJ WKH ZHVWHUQ FRDVW RI IRUPDWLRQV ³VPDOOKLOOV´ 7KHÀRULVWLFFRPPXQLWLHVRI 6RXWK$PHULFD >6 ODWLWXGH@WKH 3HUXYLDQ DQG the lomas formations essentially function as terrestrial $WDFDPDGHVHUWVIRUPDFRQWLQXRXVK\SHUDULGEHOW LVODQGVVHSDUDWHGE\K\SHDULGKDELWDWZKHUHYLUWXDOO\ EURNHQ RQO\ E\ RFFDVLRQDO ULYHUV YDOOH\V IURP WKH QRSODQWVH[LVW,Q3HUXQRIHZHUWKDQORFDOLWLHV $QGHDQ &RUGLOOHUD 1DWLYH YHJHWDWLRQ RI WKH GHVHUWV KDYHEHHQUHFRJQL]HGDVXQLTXHDVVHPEODJHVDOWKRXJK FRQVLVWVRIRYHUVSHFLHVPDQ\KLJKO\HQGHPLF VRPHDUHQRZFRPSOHWHO\GHVWUR\HGGXHWRWKHDFWLRQV 7 Dillon ȱǯDZȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ 80W 75W 70W 5`S Bayóvar Desierto De Sechura 0 100 200 300 Chiclayo Cerro Reque Cerro Campana Cerro Cabezón Cerro Chiputur Trujillo Cerro Virú BRAZIL Cerro Chimbote Casma 10`S Lupín Pativilca Barranca PERÚ Lachay Iguanil Pasamayo Isla San Lorenzo Lima Lurin Atocongo Asia Cañete Isla San Gallán Pisco Amara Ica Jajuay BOLIVIA 13`S San Nicolás Cháparra San Juan Arequipa Lomas Atico Ocoña Atiquipa Cachendo Chala PACIFIC OCEAN Carranza Sama Grande Mollendo Mejía Ilo Ite Tacna Arica )LJ/RFDOLWLHVRIFRDVWDO Lomas )RUPDWLRQVLQ3HUX $GDSWHGIURP'LOORQ RI H[SDQGLQJ KXPDQ SRSXODWLRQV7KHSODQWVZLWKLQ RIWHPSHUDWXUHVWDELOLW\UHVXOWVIURPWKHLQÀXHQFHRI the lomasIRUPDWLRQVKDYHGLYHUVHRULJLQVLQFOXGLQJ FRROVHDVXUIDFHWHPSHUDWXUHVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKWKHVRXWK DPSKLWURSLFGLVMXQFWVVHPLDULG(FXDGRULDQDQGFHQWUDO WRQRUWK ÀRZRIWKH+XPEROGW RU3HUXYLDQ &XUUHQW &KLOHDQVSHFLHVPRQWDQH$QGHDQGLVMXQFWVDQGPDQ\ $OVRLPSRUWDQWLVWKHLQÀXHQFHRIVWURQJDWPRVSKHULF lomasHQGHPLFV VXEVLGHQFH DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK D SRVLWLRQDOO\ VWDEOH VXEWURSLFDODQWLF\FORQH7KHUHVXOWLVDPLOGXQLIRUP 7KH SK\WRJHRJUDSK\ DQG HFRORJ\ RI WKH GHVHUWV FRDVWDO FOLPDWH ZLWK WKH UHJXODU IRUPDWLRQ RI WKLFN RI ZHVWHUQ 6RXWK$PHULFD KDYH EHHQ UHYLHZHG LQ VWUDWXVFORXGEDQNVEHORZPGXULQJWKHZLQWHU GHWDLO 5XQGHOHWDO :KLOHWKHGHVHUWLV FRQWLQXRXVIURP3HUXWR&KLOHWKHWRSRJUDSK\FOLPDWH PRQWKV:KHUH FRDVWDO WRSRJUDSK\ LV ORZ DQG ÀDW DQG YHJHWDWLRQ RI HDFK GHVHUW LV GLVWLQFW$ULGLW\ LV WKLVVWUDWXVOD\HUGLVVLSDWHVLQODQGZLWKOLWWOHELRORJLFDO FRQWUROOHGE\WKUHHFOLPDWLFDQRPDOLHV7KH¿UVWDQ LPSDFWEXWZKHUHLVRODWHGPRXQWDLQVRUVWHHSFRDVWDO DEUXSWFOLPDWLFWUDQVLWLRQERWKWRWKHQRUWKDQGVRXWK VORSHVLQWHUFHSWWKHFORXGVDIRJ]RQHGHYHORSVZLWKD UHVXOWLQJLQDSRRUO\GHYHORSHGVWHSSHFOLPDWHDORQJ VWUDWXVOD\HUFRQFHQWUDWHGDJDLQVWWKHKLOOVLGHV7KHVH WKH PDUJLQV VHFRQG EULHI SHULRGV RI KHDY\ UDLQIDOO IRJV WHUPHG ³JDU~D´ DUH WKH NH\ WR WKH H[WHQW DQG DQG UHODWLYHO\ KLJK WHPSHUDWXUHV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK GLYHUVLW\RIYHJHWDWLRQWKURXJKRXWWKHGHVHUWVRIWKH UDUHEXWUHFXUUHQW(O1LxRHYHQWV VHH'LOORQ ZHVWHUQFRDVW:KLOHWKHH[WHQWRIWKH3HUXYLDQGHVHUW 'LOORQ 5XQGHO RFFDVLRQDOO\ DIIHFW SDUWV RI DFWXDOO\FRYHUVQHDUO\NPVLQFRDVWOLQHWKHDUHD WKHGHVHUWEULQJLQJZHWWURSLFDOFRQGLWLRQVDQGWKH FRYHUHGE\YHJHWDWLRQHYHQGXULQJH[FHSWLRQDO\HDUV WKLUGWKHUHPDUNDEOHWHPSHUDWXUHKRPRJHQHLW\DORQJ LVOHVVWKDQVTNP WKHHQWLUHODWLWXGLQDOH[WHQWRIWKHGHVHUWV7KLVSDWWHUQ 8 $UQDOGRD Dillon ȱǯDZȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ PERU no vegetation 1000 Tillandsia spp 800 600 woody plants 400 herbaceous perennials Elevation(m) 200 cryptogams 0 no vegetation Tillandsia spp Fig. 2. Diagram illustrating interaction of fog and vegetation in the Lomas Formations. 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