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Past and current activities can cause local and diffuse accumulation of environmental stressors to an extent that might threaten human health and the environment, by altering air quality, hampering soil functions, and polluting groundwater and surface water. The WHO European Centre for Environment and Health organized two technical meetings − which included representatives of environmental and public health agencies (at the national and international levels) and research experts − to explore priorities, interests and needs and to review the state of the art, the current methodological options, and knowledge gaps in the domain of contaminated sites and health. The assessment of the possible health impact of contaminated sites is a challenging exercise, especially in the case of industrially contaminated sites with ongoing multiple industrial activities and involving multiple human exposures. Notwithstanding these complexities, a variety of methods and tools for health impact assessment have been developed and applied to study contaminated sites, and a broad range of resources is available; these must be carefully selected and applied, depending on the needs, objectives and local feasibility. Available assessments suggest that contaminated sites are an important public health issue at the national and international levels. Priority topics and goals for collaborative work on contaminated sites and health were identified at the two meetings. .H\ZRUGV ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE – adverse effects ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES INDUSTRIAL WASTE PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe UN City, Marmorvej 51 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office web site (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). © World Health Organization 2013 All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. The views expressed by authors, editors, or expert groups do not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the World Health Organization. &217(176 Executive summary ...............................................................................................................................................v Contributors and editors ................................................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................vii List of abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. .............viii Introduction to the report .............................................................................................................................. ....1 Contaminated sites and health: priorities, interests, needs, methodological options . 2 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. .............................2 2 Possible objectives of a network coordinated by the WHO Regional Office for Europe .............. 2 3 Aims of the exploratory workshop ................................................................................................................. 3 4 Case studies ...........................................................................................................................................................4 5 Priorities, interests and needs ......................................................................................................................... 5 5.1 Communication .........................................................................................................................................5 5.2 Contamination of environmental media ........................................................................................... 6 5.3 Biomonitoring .............................................................................................................................. ...............6 5.4 Children .............................................................................................................................. ...........................6 5.5 Tools for rapid analysis ............................................................................................................................. 7 5.6 Exposure and risk over time ................................................................................................................... 7 5.7 Environmental justice .............................................................................................................................. 7 5.8 Industrial accidents .............................................................................................................................. .....7 6 Methodological options and available data ...............................................................................................8 6.1 Strategies for environment and health studies in contaminated sites .................................... 8 6.2 Exposure assessment ..............................................................................................................................