Lesson 9 Piespiesta, Ug-ugali, ken Dagiti Naipakadawyan a Sursuro Holidays, Customs, and Cultural Traditions This lesson will introduce you to: - How to read dates - How to use ordinal numbers - Names of the months - Holidays, customs, and cultural traditions of the Philippines. Cultural Notes on Philippine Holidays: Christmas (Paskua) Filipinos celebrate the longest Christmas in the world. Christmas colors start in October, and Christmas music starts to fill the air. Houses are adorned with “Parol” a star-shaped lantern made from bamboo sticks and covered with colored paper, normally hung inside houses and windows. Nine days before Christmas, before dawn each morning, church bells ring calling worshippers to an early morning mass. The mass is called Misa de Gallo (Mass of the Rooster) because roosters start crowing during this early part of the morning. Midnight masses and family gatherings on Christmas Day are the center of the occasion. The Feast of the Three Kings ends in January. This holiday is not only the happiest but also the most meaningful month in the Philippines for it is a time for families and friends to gather together and celebrate traditions handed down from generation to generation. Holidays (Pies-Piesta) Filipinos love fiestas. These holidays give meaning to their lives and rhythm to their years. Fiestas combine worship, food, music, and often, spectacular dances. Families in communities gather together during this celebration. Each small ethnic group has unique rituals and festivals. Even though the origins of these festivals are foreign, they have become distinctly Filipino. Lent (Kuaresma) Lent lasts from Ash Wednesday to Easter Sunday and is a somber season. Older folks take turns chanting the “Pasyon” (Life and Death of Christ). Elder women wail like they do for the “Dung- aw” or traditional lament for the dead, which predates Christianity. Palm Sunday starts Holy Week. Filipinos weave palm fronds into many elaborate designs, which are brought to church to wave as a remembrance of Jesus’ triumphant return to Jerusalem. Priests bless the palm fronds and the faithful hang them above doors and in house altars with the belief they will keep the house and the whole family always safe and healthy. 118 Holy Week (Nangina/Nasantuan nga Aldaw) The climax of Lent is the Holy Week that commemorates the week of Christ’s death and resurrection. Palm Sunday ushers in Holy Week. The folk aspect of Christianity is seen in a ritual called, “Pabasa” when the teachings of Christ are chanted. In the southern part of the Philippines, flagellants beat their bare backs with glass-spiked leather, not as an act of masochism, but in fulfillment of a “Sapata” or a vow. The devotee lives up to a promise to undergo the pain and humiliation of their penitential act in exchange for a granted request or a forgiven wrong. Some “pabasa” participants even go to the extent of having themselves tied or nailed to a cross on Good Friday. They believe once they subject themselves to this it will totally obliterate sins they have committed. Birth (Pannakayanak) Birth is normally an occasion everyone welcomes as they speculate over the baby’s gender and name, and later, from whom in the family the baby’s name will derive. The first religious ritual for a Filipino baby born into a Catholic family is baptism. Parents invite sponsors to be godparents of the child. Godparents will serve as second parents in the absence of the biological parents. During the baptism, all relatives and some neighbors are invited. Parents will spend most all of their savings because the coming of a new child to their lives is considered good luck especially if the child is a boy. Independence Day (Aldaw ti Waya-waya) Originally celebrated on July 4 each year to occur at the same time with the US independence celebration, it was later changed to June 12 when the Philippines gained freedom from the US in 1946. Just like in the US, celebrations are held all over the archipelago in the form of parades, open air programs, food fiestas, and speeches. 1. Listen and repeat after the speaker. Follow along in the workbook. 1 one 1 – Maysa first Umuna 2 two 2 - Dua second Maikadua 3 three 3 - Tallo third Maikatallo (Maikatlo) 4 four 4 - Uppat fourth Maikauppat (Maikapat) 5 five 5 - Lima fifth Maikalima 6 six 6 - Innem sixth Maikainnem (Maikanem) 7 seven 7 - Pito seventh Maikapito 8 eight 8 - Walo eighth Maikawalo 119 9 nine 9 - Siam ninth Maikasiam 10 ten 10 – Sangapulo tenth Maikasangapulo Ordinal Number Grammar Notes: Ordinal numbers simply use the prefix “maika” except for “one/first”. Note that the ordinal numbers third, fourth, and sixth can be shortened to maikatlo, maikapat, and maikanem instead of the whole word maikatallo, maikauppat, and maikainnem. Either way is acceptable. 2. Fill in the blanks to complete the sentences. Use the words located in the box. Check your answers with the answer key. maikalima maikadua umuna maikainnem maikatallo maikapito maikapat maikapito 1. Lunes ket __________ nga aldaw ti lawas. 2. Martes ket __________nga aldaw ti lawas. 3. Mierkules ket ________nga aldaw ti lawas. 4. Huebes ket __________nga aldaw ti lawas. 5. Biernes ket __________nga aldaw ti lawas. 6. Sabado ket __________ nga aldaw ti lawas. 7. Dominggo ket ________nga aldaw ti lawas. Grammar Notes on Ordinal Numbers For the numbers over “ten”, the pattern continues. For instance, the ordinal number “eleventh” would be, maikasangapulo ket maysa, and the ordinal number “twentieth” is “maikaduapulo”. Study the rest of these ordinal numbers: Thirtieth (30th) - maikatallopulo Fortieth (40th) - maikauppat a pulo Fiftieth (50th) - maikalimapulo Sixtieth (60th) - maikainnem a pulo Seventieth (70th) - maikapitopulo Eightieth (80th) - maikawalopulo Ninetieth (90th) - maikasiam a pulo 120 3. Listen and repeat after the speaker the ordinal numbers 11 through 20. Follow along in the workbook. 11 eleven 11 -Sangapulo ket maysa eleventh Maikasangapulo ket maysa 12 twelve 12 – Sangapulo ket dua twelfth Maikasangapulo ket dua 13 thirteen 13 – Sangapulo ket tallo thirteenth Maikasangapulo ket tallo 14 fourteen 14 – Sangapulo ket uppat fourteenth Maikasangapulo ket uppat 15 fifteen 15 – Sangapulo ket lima fifteenth Maikasangapulo ket lima 16 sixteen 16 –Sangapulo ket innem sixteenth Maikasangapulo ket innem 17 seventeen 17 –Sangapulo ket pito seventeenth Maikasangapulo ket pito 18 eighteen 18 – Sangapulo ket walo eighteenth Maikasangapulo ket walo 19 nineteen 19 – Sangapulo ket siam nineteenth Maikasangapulo ket siam 20 twenty 20 – Duapulo twentieth Maikaduapulo 4. Read the following ordinal numbers in Ilokano. 11th, 13th, 15th, 17th, 19th, 12th, 14th, 16th, 18th, 20th. 11th - maikasangapulo ket maysa 12th - maikasangapulo ket dua 13th - maikasangapulo ket tallo 14th - maikasangapulo ket uppat 15th - maikasangapulo ket lima 16th - maikasangapulo ket innem 17th - maikasangapulo ket pito 18th - maikasangapulo ket walo 19th - maikasangapulo ket siam 20th - maikaduapulo 121 5. Listen and repeat after the speaker the ordinal numbers 21-30. 21 twenty-one 21- Duapulo ket maysa twenty-first Maikaduapulo ket maysa 22 twenty-two 22- Duapulo ket dua twenty-second Maikaduapulo ket dua 23 twenty-three 23- Duapulo ket tallo twenty-third Maikaduapulo ket tallo 24 twenty-four 24- Duapulo ket uppat twenty-fourth Maikaduapulo ket uppat 25 twenty-five 25- Duapulo ket lima twenty-fifth Maikaduapulo ket lima 26 twenty-six 26- Duapulo ket innem twenty-sixth Maikaduapulo ket innem 27 twenty-seven 27- Duapulo ket pito twenty-seventh Maikaduapulo ket pito 28 twenty-eight 28- Duapulo ket walo twenty-eighth Maikaduapulo ket walo 29 twenty-nine 29- Duapulo ket siam twenty-ninth Maikaduapulo ket siam 30 thirty 30- Tallopulo thirtieth Maikatallopulo Notes on Other Numbers: Numbers over nine are formed by counting by using the following base ten groups: Pulo - Group of ten Duapulo (Twenty), Tallopulo (Thirty), Uppat a pulo (Forty) Gasut - Group of hundred Sangagasut (One hundred), Dua Gasut (Two hundred) Ribu - Group of one thousand Sangaribu (One thousand), Dua ribu (Two thousand) Laksa - Group of ten thousand Sangalaksa (Ten thousand) Dua a laksa (Twenty thousand) Tallo a laksa (Thirty thousand) Riwriw - Group of one million Sangariwriw (One Million), Dua a riwriw (Two million), Tallo a riwriw (Three million) 122 6. Listen to the names of the months and repeat after the speaker. January Enero February Pebrero March Marso April Abril May Mayo June Hunio July Hulio August Agosto September Septiembre October Oktubre November Nobiembre December Disiembre 7. Look at the picture and say the dates and days of the week in Ilokano. Model: Today is the 23rd of May, 2001. It is Tuesday. Itatta nga aldaw ket Maikaduapulo ket tallo ti Mayo Dua ribu ket maysa. Ita ket Martes. Today is the 15th of April 1999. It is Thursday. Itatta nga aldaw ket Maikasangapulo ket lima ti Abril, Sangaribu, Siam a Gasut, Siam a Pulo ket Siam. Ita ket Huebes. 8. Listen and repeat after the speaker the names of Philippine holidays. Follow along in the workbook. 1. Christmas – the 25th of December (Paskua- Maikaduapulo ket lima ti Disiembre) 2. Independence Day – the 4th of July (Aldaw ti Independensia – Maikapat ti Hulio) 3. St. Valentine’s Day – the 14th of February (Aldaw ti Balentino – Maikasangapulo ket Uppat ti Pebrero) 4. New Year – the 1st of January (Baro a Tawen – Umuna/Primero nga aldaw ti Enero) 5. Mayflower – the month of May (Sabsabong ti Mayo – Bulan ti Mayo) 6. All Saints’ Day – the 1st of November (Aldaw Dagiti Sasanto- Umuna/Primero nga Aldaw ti Nobiembre) 7. All Souls’ Day – the 2nd of November (Aldaw ti Karkararua – Maikadua ti Nobiembre) 123 9. Listen as the speaker reads the following years. Repeat after the speaker. Note: See Notes on Other Numbers, Lesson 5 1925 - nineteen twenty-five Sangaribu, ket siam a gasut, ken duapulo ket lima 1900 - nineteen hundred Sangaribu, ket siam a gasut 2004 - two thousand four Dua ribu ket uppat 10.