FAMILY Rivulidae Myers 1925 - killifishes, rivulids, South American killifishes, New World killifishes, neotropical killifishes [=Rivulini, Cynolebiatidi, Rachovini, Neofundulini, Terranatini, Plesiolebiatini, Pterolebiatina, Cynopoecilina, Leptolebiatini, Spectrolebiatini, Millerichthyini, Simpsonichthyina, Aphyolebiatina, Moemina, Cryptolebiatinae, Kryptolebiatinae, Prorivulini] Notes: Rivulini Myers 1925:371 [ref. 5744] (tribe) Rivulus [preoccupied by Rivulini Grote 1895:419 [based on Rivula Guenée in Duponchel 1845] in Noctuidae (Lepidoptera), invalid; the case must be referred to the Commission for a ruling to remove homonymy, Article 55.3.1] Cynolebiatidi Hoedeman 1961:87 [ref. 32210] (tribe) Cynolebias [stem emended to Cynolebi- by Huber 2005:15 [ref. 28394]; stem changed to Cynolebias- by Costa 2008:50 [ref. 30126]] Rachovini Costa 1990:85 [ref. 16650] (tribe) Rachovia [corrected to Rachoviini by Costa 1998:79 [ref. 23792], changed back to Rachovini by Costa 2014:177; correct stem is Rachovi-; Costa 2014:177 gave precedence to Rachovini over Neofundulini and Terranatini, although Costa 1998:37 [ref. 23792] had used Neofundulida (‘infrafamily’) over Rachoviidi (supertribe)] Neofundulini Costa 1990:85 [ref. 16650] (tribe) Neofundulus [also as subtribe Neofundulina] Terranatini Costa 1990:86 [ref. 16650] (tribe) Terranatos Plesiolebiatini Costa 1990:86 [ref. 16650] (tribe) Plesiolebias [emended to Plesiolebiini by Huber 2005:15 [ref. 28394]; stem changed to Plesiolebias- by Costa 2008:74 [ref. 30126]] Pterolebiatina Costa 1990:87 [ref. 16650] (subtribe) Pterolebias [stem emended to Pterolebi- by Huber 2005:14 [ref. 28394]] Cynopoecilina Costa 1990:88 [ref. 16650] (subtribe) Cynopoecilus Leptolebiatini Costa 1998:73 [ref. 23792] (tribe) Leptolebias [emended to Leptolebiini by Huber 2005:15 [ref. 28394]] Spectrolebiatini Costa 1998:74 [ref. 23792] (tribe) Spectrolebias [emended to Spectrolebiini by Huber 2005:15 [ref. 28394]] Millerichthyini Costa 1998:79 [ref. 23792] (tribe) Millerichthys Simpsonichthyina Costa 1998:75 [ref. 23792] (subtribe) Simpsonichthys Aphyolebiatina Costa 1998:78 [ref. 23792] (subtribe) Aphyolebias [emended to Aphyolebiina by Huber 2005:14 [ref. 28394]] Moemina Costa 1998:78 [ref. 23792] (subtribe) Moema Cryptolebiatinae Costa 2004a:115 [ref. 27763] (subfamily) Cryptolebias Costa [invalid, Article 39] Kryptolebiatinae Costa 2004b:107 [ref. 28584] (subfamily) Kryptolebias [stem emended to Kryptolebi- by Huber 2005:15 [ref. 28394]; emendation not justified, Article 29.4; Costa 2008:49 [ref. 30126] used Kryptolebiasinae] Prorivulini Costa 2008:77 [ref. 30126] (tribe) Prorivulus GENUS Anablepsoides Huber, 1992 - killifishes [=Anablepsoides (subgenus of Rivulus) Huber [J. H.] 1992:43, Benirivulus (subgenus of Rivulus) Costa [W. J. E. M.] 2006:150, Oditichthys (subgenus of Rivulus) Huber [J. H.] 1999:49] Notes: [ref. 20639]. Masc. Rivulus atratus Garman 1895. Type by monotypy. Huber 2012 [ref. 32949] (in basically a private journal) regards some taxa as synonyms of Rivulus based on a reappraisal of Rivilus with a morphological and molecular analysis; it is considered premature as are the works by Costa himself. •Synonym of Rivulus Poey 1860 -- (Costa 1998:77 [ref. 23792], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:534 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Rivulus Poey 1860, but a valid subgenus Anablepsoides -- (Lazara 2001:269 [ref. 25711], Costa 2006:147 [ref. 28875], Costa 2006:147 [ref. 28875], Schindler & Valdesalici 2011:113 [ref. 31382]). •Valid as Anablepsoides Huber 1992 -- (Costa 2011:242 [ref. 31655], Costa 2013:345 [ref. 32528], Costa et al. 2013:283 [ref. 33108], Valdesalici & Schindler 2013:295 [ref. 33109], Valdesalici 2015:241 [ref. 34049]). Current status: Valid as Anablepsoides Huber 1992. Rivulidae. (Benirivulus) [ref. 28875]. Masc. Rivulus beniensis Myers 1927. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Anablepsoides Huber 1992 -- (Costa 2011:242 [ref. 31193]). Current status: Synonym of Anablepsoides Huber 1992. Rivulidae. (Oditichthys) [ref. 23834]. Rivulus igneus Huber 1991. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Rivulus Poey 1860, but a valid subgenus Oditichthys as described -- (Lazara 2001:269 [ref. 25711]). •Synonym of Rivulus Poey 1860 -- (Costa in Reis et al. 2003:534 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Rivulus Poey 1860, subgenus Cynodonichthys Meek 1904 -- (Costa 2006:139 [ref. 28875]). •Synonym of Rivulus Poey 1860 -- (Costa & De Luca 2011:356 [ref. 31193]). •Synonym of Anablepsoides Huber 1992 -- (Costa 2011:242 [ref. 31655]). Current status: Synonym of Anablepsoides Huber 1992. Rivulidae. Species Anablepsoides amanan (Costa & Lazzarotto, 2008) [=Rivulus amanan Costa [W. J. E. M.] & Lazzarotto [H.] 2008:130, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 19 (no. 2); ref. 29870] Pools at the floodplains of Igarapé do Baré, near Cano do Lago da Beleza, Lago Amanã system, Reserva de Desenvolvimento, Japurá-Soimoes drainage, Rio Amazonas basin, 2°17.280'S, 64°41.635'W, Município de Maraã, Estado do Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Anablepsoides amanan (Costa & Lazzarotto 2008). Rivulidae. Distribution: Japurá-Soimoes drainage, Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Anablepsoides amphoreus (Huber, 1979) [=Rivulus amphoreus Huber [J. H.] 1979:68, Figs. 4-6] Notes: [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 8826] Vicinity of Tafelberg, zone of high hills up to 1000 meters in elevation, 120 kilometers south-southwest of Paramaribo, Suriname. Current status: Valid as Anablepsoides amphoreus (Huber 1979). Rivulidae. Distribution: Atlantic River basins, Suriname. Habitat: freshwater. Species Anablepsoides atratus (Garman, 1895) [=Rivulus atratus Garman [S.] 1895:140] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 19 (pt 1); ref. 1538] Rio Jutahy, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Anablepsoides atratus (Garman 1895). Rivulidae. Distribution: Middle Amazon River basin: Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. Species Anablepsoides bahianus (Huber, 1990) [=Rivulus bahianus Huber [J. H.] 1990:14, Fig. 1] Notes: [Revue française d'Aquariologie Herpétologie v. 17 (no. 1); ref. 18931] Near Itapoa, vicinity of Salvador do Bahia International Airport, Estado da Bahia, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Anablepsoides bahianus (Huber 1990). Rivulidae. Distribution: Atlantic coastal river basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Anablepsoides beniensis (Myers, 1927) [=Rivulus beniensis beniensis Myers [G. S.] 1927:133, Rivulus bolivianus Seegers [L.] 1988:172, Figs. 1, 3, Rivulus beniensis lacustris Myers [G. S.] 1927:133] Notes: [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Ivon, Río Beni, Bolivia. Current status: Valid as Anablepsoides beniensis (Myers 1927). Rivulidae. Distribution: Madeira River basin: Bolivia and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (bolivianus) [Bonner Zoologische Beiträge v. 39 (nos 2-3); ref. 16282] Suarez lake, about 4 kilometers southeast of Trinidad, at Río Mamore mouth, 14°55'S, 64°55'W, Bolivia. Current status: Synonym of Anablepsoides beniensis (Myers 1927). Rivulidae. Habitat: freshwater. (lacustris) [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Lagoons along shores of Lake Rogovagua, Bolivia. Current status: Synonym of Anablepsoides beniensis (Myers 1927). Rivulidae. Habitat: freshwater. Species Anablepsoides bondi Schultz, 1949 [=Rivulus bondi Schultz [L. P.] 1949:92, fig. 12] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 99 (no. 3235); ref. 3967] Tributary to Río Guaire, La Florida, Caracas, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Anablepsoides bondi (Schultz 1949). Rivulidae. Distribution: Northern South America. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. Species Anablepsoides cajariensis (Costa & De Luca, 2011) [=Rivulus cajariensis Costa [W. J. E. M.] & De Luca [A. C.] 2011:354, Fig. 1] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 21 (no. 4) [Dec. 2010]; ref. 31193] Stream near Vila Cajari, upper Cajari River drainage, lower Amazon River basin, 0°34'23"S, 52°16'23"W, Estado do Amapá, northern Brazil, elevation 120 meters. Current status: Valid as Anablepsoides cajariensis (Costa & De Luca 2011). Rivulidae. Distribution: Cajari River drainage, lower Amazon River basin, northern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Anablepsoides caurae (Radda, 2004) [=Rivulus caurae Radda [A. C.] 2004:24, Fig. 2] Notes: [Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien v. 105 B; ref. 27638] Rio Caura, 1 kilometer from the village of El Playon towards the waterfall (Raudal Pará), 6°18'N, 64°25'W, Bolivar, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Anablepsoides caurae (Radda 2004). Rivulidae. Distribution: Caura River, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. Species Anablepsoides cearensis (Costa & Vono, 2009) [=Rivulus cearensis Costa [W. J. E. M.] & Vono [V.] 2009:8, Fig. 1] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 20 (no. 1); ref. 30258] Município de São Gonçalo do Amarante, Pelém, 22°10'50"S, 41°23.41'W, Estado do Cerará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Anablepsoides cearensis (Costa & Vono 2009). Rivulidae. Distribution: São Gonçalo do Amarente, Ceará, northeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. Species Anablepsoides chapare Valdesalici & Gil, 2017 [=Anablepsoides chapare Valdesalici [S.] & Gil [J. R. G.] 2017:12, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology v. 23 (no. 1); ref. 35110] Small pool near Isinuta, Isiboro River drainage, tributary of Río Mamoré, Departamento Cochabamba, Chapare Province, Bolivia, 16°44'09.8"S, 65°37'58.4"W. Current