Pädagogische Hochschule Karlsruhe Wissenschaftliche Arbeit Lao weaving as cultural heritage - a cross-curricular storytelling project for primary school vorgelegt von Ariane Kummetz Name: Ariane Kummetz Adresse: Brauerstr.5, 76137 Karlsruhe Matrikelnummer: 3179072 Studiengang/Fach: Europalehramt an Grundschulen/ Englisch Erstgutachter: Prof. ‘in Dr. Isabel Martin Zweitgutachter: Prof. ‘in Dr. Waltraud Rusch Abgabedatum: 03.08.18 TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. 9 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 10 2. LAOS IN A HISTORICAL CONTEXT ........................................................................... 12 2.1 PREHISTORY AND LAO-TAI MIGRATION ............................................................................ 12 2.2 THE KINGDOM OF LANE XANG ....................................................................................... 14 2.3 THE FRENCH COLONIZATION .......................................................................................... 15 2.4 WORLD WAR II .......................................................................................................... 16 2.5 FIRST INDOCHINA WAR ................................................................................................ 17 2.6 SECOND INDOCHINA WAR ............................................................................................ 17 2.7 LAO PDR .................................................................................................................. 18 3. THE DIVERSITY OF ETHNIC GROUPS ....................................................................... 19 3.1 LAO LOUM ................................................................................................................ 21 3.1.1 Lao ...................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.2 Tai Daeng ........................................................................................................... 22 3.1.3 Tai Lue ................................................................................................................ 23 3.2 LAO THEUNG ............................................................................................................. 23 3.2.1 Khmu .................................................................................................................. 24 3.3 LAO SOUNG ............................................................................................................... 24 3.3.1 Hmong ................................................................................................................ 25 4. NATURAL FIBER ..................................................................................................... 26 4.1 SILK .......................................................................................................................... 27 4.2 COTTON .................................................................................................................... 30 4.3 HEMP ....................................................................................................................... 31 5. DYEING PROCESSES ............................................................................................... 32 5.1 INDIGO ..................................................................................................................... 35 5.2 BLACK....................................................................................................................... 37 5.3 RED.......................................................................................................................... 37 5.4 YELLOW .................................................................................................................... 39 5.5 GREEN ...................................................................................................................... 40 5.6 ORANGE ................................................................................................................... 40 6. WARPING AND SPINNING PROCESSES ................................................................... 42 7. WEAVING .............................................................................................................. 43 7.1 LOOMS USED IN LAOS .................................................................................................. 43 8. WEAVING TECHNIQUES ......................................................................................... 50 8.1 GENERAL WEAVING TECHNIQUES .................................................................................... 50 2 8.1.1 Tabby or plain weave ......................................................................................... 50 8.1.2 Twill weave ......................................................................................................... 51 8.1.3 Satin weave ........................................................................................................ 51 8.2 DECORATIVE WEAVING TECHNIQUES ............................................................................... 52 8.2.1 Supplementary weft ........................................................................................... 52 8.2.2 Supplementary warp .......................................................................................... 53 8.3 WEAVING TECHNIQUES USED IN LAOS ............................................................................. 53 8.3.1 Plain weave -Thor Thamada .............................................................................. 53 8.3.2 Continuous supplementary weft - Khit ............................................................... 54 8.3.3 Discontinuous supplementary weft – Chok ........................................................ 54 8.3.4 Mat Mii ............................................................................................................... 55 8.3.5 Muk .................................................................................................................... 55 8.3.6 Yiap Koh .............................................................................................................. 56 9. PATTERNS AND MOTIFS ........................................................................................ 57 9.1 THE ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................... 57 9.2 MYTHOLOGICAL CREATURES .......................................................................................... 58 9.2.1 The Naga–Naak–Ngueak ................................................................................... 58 9.2.2 Siho ..................................................................................................................... 63 9.2.3 Khon Buhaan ...................................................................................................... 63 9.2.4 Hong ................................................................................................................... 64 9.2.5 Phii Nyak............................................................................................................. 65 9.3 RELIGIOUS MOTIFS ...................................................................................................... 66 9.4 GEOMETRIC DESIGNS AND OTHER MOTIFS ........................................................................ 66 10. THE CULTURAL HERITAGE .................................................................................. 67 10.1 DANGEROUS TO WEAVING AS A LIVING ART ...................................................................... 68 10.2 THE IMPORTANCE OF TEXTILES FOR CULTURAL PRESERVATION .............................................. 71 10.3 PRESERVATION OF THE CULTURAL HERITAGE ..................................................................... 76 11. IDEAS FOR THE REALIZATION IN THE PRIMARY SCHOOL ..................................... 81 11.1 METHODICAL APPROACHES AND DIDACTIC CONCEPTIONS .................................................... 82 11.1.1 Project-based learning .................................................................................... 82 11.1.2 Cross-curricular project with multiple perspectives ....................................... 83 11.2 STORYTELLING AS A METHODICAL TECHNIQUE ................................................................... 86 11.2.1 Reasons for using stories in the EFL primary classroom ................................. 87 11.2.2 Readers vs. authentic storybooks ................................................................... 90 11.2.3 Visual literacy.................................................................................................. 90 11.2.4 Good features of storybooks .......................................................................... 91 11.2.5 Adapting stories .............................................................................................. 94 11.2.6 Cultural information ....................................................................................... 95 11.2.7 Using stories in the classroom ........................................................................ 95 11.2.8 Storytelling techniques ..................................................................................