Section 2 Physical and Chemical Data* Peter E. Liley, Ph.D., D.I.C., School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University. (physical and chemical data) George H. Thomson, AIChE Design Institute for Physical Property Data. (Tables 2-6, 2-30, 2-164, 2-193, 2-196, 2-198, 2-221) D.G. Friend, National Institutes of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO. (Tables 2-333, 2-334, Figs. 2-25, 2-26) Thomas E. Daubert, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, The Penn- sylvania State University. (Prediction and Correlation of Physical Properties) Evan Buck, M.S.Ch.E., Manager, Thermophysical Property Skill Center, Central Technol- ogy, Union Carbide Corporation. (Prediction and Correlation of Physical Properties) GENERAL REFERENCES Vapor Pressures of H3PO4 Aqueous: Partial Pressure of H2O Vapor (Fig. 2-1). 2-77 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES Vapor Pressures of H3PO4 Aqueous: Weight of H2O in Tables Saturated Air (Fig. 2-2) . 2-77 2-1 Physical Properties of the Elements and Inorganic 2-11 Partial Pressures of H2O and SO2 over Aqueous Solutions Compounds . 2-7 of Sulfur Dioxide . 2-77 2-2 Physical Properties of Organic Compounds. 2-28 2-12 Water Partial Pressure, bar, over Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions. 2-78 VAPOR PRESSURES OF PURE SUBSTANCES 2-13 Sulfur Trioxide Partial Pressure, bar, over Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions . 2-80 Units Conversions. 2-48 2-14 Sulfuric Acid Partial Pressure, bar, over Aqueous Additional References . 2-48 Sulfuric Acid . 2-82 Tables 2-15 Total Pressure, bar, of Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions . 2-83 2-3 Vapor Pressure of Water Ice from −15 to 0°C . 2-48 − ° 2-16 Partial Pressures of HNO3 and H2O over Aqueous 2-4 Vapor Pressure of Liquid Water from 16 to 0 C . 2-48 Solutions of HNO . 2-84 2-5 Vapor Pressure of Liquid Water from 0 to 100°C . 2-49 3 2-17 Partial Pressures of H2O and HBr over Aqueous Solutions 2-6 Vapor Pressure of Inorganic and Organic Liquids. 2-50 of HBr at 20 to 55°C . 2-85 2-6a Alphabetical Index to Substances in Tables 2-6, 2-30, 2-18 Partial Pressures of HI over Aqueous Solutions of HI 2-164, 2-193, 2-196, 2-198, and 2-221 . 2-55 at 25°C . 2-85 2-7 Vapor Pressures of Inorganic Compounds, up to 1 atm . 2-57 2-19 Vapor Pressures of the System: Water-Sulfuric Acid-Nitric 2-8 Vapor Pressures of Organic Compounds, up to 1 atm. 2-61 Acid . 2-85 2-20 Total Vapor Pressures of Aqueous Solutions of CH3COOH . 2-85 VAPOR PRESSURES OF SOLUTIONS 2-21 Partial Pressures of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of HN3 . 2-85 Units Conversions. 2-76 Vapor Pressure of Aqueous Diethylene Glycol Solutions Tables and Figures (Fig. 2-3) . 2-85 2-9 Partial Pressures of Water over Aqueous Solutions of HCl . 2-76 2-22 Mole Percentages of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of NH3. 2-86 2-10 Partial Pressures of HCl over Aqueous Solutions of HCl . 2-76 2-23 Partial Pressures of NH3 over Aqueous Solutions of NH3. 2-87 * The contributions of J.K. Fink, Argonne National Laboratory; U. Grigull, Tech. Universität, Munich, Germany; and H. Sato, Keio University, Japan, are acknowl- edged. 2-1 2-2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA 2-24 Total Vapor Pressures of Aqueous Solutions of NH3 . 2-88 2-88 Sodium Chloride (NaCl) . 2-105 2-25 Partial Pressures of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of 2-89 Sodium Chromate (Na2CrO4) . 2-105 Sodium Carbonate. 2-89 2-90 Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) . 2-105 2-26 Partial Pressures of H2O and CH3OH over Aqueous 2-91 Sodium Nitrate (NaNO3) . 2-105 Solutions of Methyl Alcohol . 2-89 2-92 Sodium Nitrite (NaNO2). 2-105 2-27 Partial Pressures of H2O over Aqueous Solutions of 2-93 Sodium Silicates. 2-105 Sodium Hydroxide. 2-89 2-94 Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4) . 2-106 2-95 Sodium Sulfide (Na2S) . 2-106 WATER-VAPOR CONTENT OF GASES 2-96 Sodium Sulfite (Na2SO3) . 2-106 2-97 Sodium Thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) . 2-106 Chart for Gases at High Pressures. 2-90 ⋅ Water Content of Air (Fig. 2-4) . 2-90 2-98 Sodium Thiosulfate Pentahydrate (Na2S2O3 5H2O). 2-106 2-99 Stannic Chloride (SnCl4). 2-106 2-100 Stannous Chloride (SnCl ) . 2-106 DENSITIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES 2 2-101 Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) . 2-107 Units Conversions. 2-91 2-102 Zinc Bromide (ZnBr2) . 2-109 Tables 2-103 Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) . 2-109 3 ° 2-28 Density (kg/m ) of Water from 0 to 100 C. 2-91 2-104 Zinc Nitrate [Zn(NO3)2] . 2-109 3 ° 2-29 Density (kg/m ) of Mercury from 0 to 350 C. 2-93 2-105 Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO4) . 2-109 2-30 Densities of Inorganic and Organic Liquids . 2-94 DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS ORGANIC SOLUTIONS DENSITIES OF AQUEOUS INORGANIC SOLUTIONS Units and Units Conversions . 2-109 Units and Units Conversions . 2-99 Tables Additional References . 2-99 2-106 Formic Acid (HCOOH) . 2-109 Tables 2-107 Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) . 2-110 2-31 Aluminum Sulfate [A12(SO4)3] . 2-99 2-108 Oxalic Acid (H2C2O4). 2-111 2-32 Ammonia (NH3) . 2-99 2-109 Methyl Alcohol (CH3OH) . 2-111 2-33 Ammonium Acetate (CH3COONH4) . 2-99 2-110 Ethyl Alcohol (C2H5OH). 2-112 ° 2-34 Ammonium Bichromate [(NH4)2Cr2O7]. 2-99 2-111 Densities of Mixtures of C2H5OH and H2O at 20 C . 2-113 2-35 Ammonium Chloride (NH4Cl) . 2-99 2-112 Specific Gravity (60°/60°F [(15.56°/15.56°C)]) of 2-36 Ammonium Chromate [(NH4)2CrO4]. 2-99 Mixtures by Volume of C2H5OH and H2O . 2-114 2-37 Ammonium Nitrate (NH4NO3). 2-99 2-113 n-Propyl Alcohol (C3H7OH) . 2-115 2-38 Ammonium Sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] . 2-99 2-114 Isopropyl Alcohol (C3H7OH) . 2-115 2-39 Arsenic Acid (H3A3O4). 2-99 2-115 Glycerol . 2-116 2-40 Barium Chloride (BaCl2). 2-100 2-116 Hydrazine (N2H4) . 2-116 2-41 Cadmium Nitrate [Cd(NO3)2]. 2-100 2-117 Densities of Aqueous Solutions of Miscellaneous Organic 2-42 Calcium Chloride (CaCl2). 2-100 Compounds. 2-117 2-43 Calcium Hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] . 2-100 2-44 Calcium Hypochlorite (CaOCl2). 2-100 DENSITIES OF MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS 2-45 Calcium Nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] . 2-100 Tables 2-46 Chromic Acid (CrO3) . 2-100 2-118 Approximate Specific Gravities and Densities of 2-47 Chromium Chloride (CrCl3). 2-100 Miscellaneous Solids and Liquids. 2-119 2-48 Copper Nitrate [Cu(NO3)2]. 2-100 2-119 Density (kg/m3) of Selected Elements as a Function of 2-49 Copper Sulfate (CuSO4) . 2-100 Temperature . 2-120 2-50 Cuprous Chloride (Cu2Cl2) . 2-100 2-51 Ferric Chloride (FeCl3). 2-100 SOLUBILITIES 2-52 Ferric Sulfate [Fe2(SO4)3] . 2-101 2-53 Ferric Nitrate [Fe(NO ) ] . 2-101 Units Conversions. 2-120 3 3 Tables 2-54 Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO4) . 2-101 2-55 Hydrogen Bromide (HBr). 2-101 2-120 Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds in Water at 2-56 Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) . 2-101 Various Temperatures . ..