Maori Long Essay Student: 1448783 Evan Cooper Essay Question: Describe Māori enterprise during t e early contact period and comment on t e impact o# co!onisation on t e Māori econo"y$ %ive a detai!ed e&amp!e$ 'n 18(() Māori #aced an e&citing ne* *orld$ Early contact *it t e Europeans exposed and provided ne* techno!ogies and ence) ne* economic opportunities #or t e"$ By 1,(() t e impacts o# co!onisation ad devastated Māori society and t e Māori econo"y) a!"ost beyond repair$ Prior to early contact and significant co!onisation) t e Māori econo"y *as one predo"inant!y characterised by subsistence !eve! production) concepts o# tikanga (cu!tura! procedures) Māori) and communa! o*nership $ +ased on t e current status o# Māori peop!e econo"ica!!y) t e impact o# co!onisation on t e Māori econo"y as proven to be !arge!y negative) *it Māori socia! statistics today !agging #ar be ind t ose o# non-Māori at a!! socio-economic !eve!s. European contact) t e subse2uent co!onisation o# 3e* 4ea!and and its e5ects on t e Māori econo"y can be defined in #our distinct p ases. 6 e early contact period) t e co!onisation period) t e 7( year period a#ter t e de#eat o# t e 89ngitanga) and t e Māori renaissance$ Each o# t ese periods broug t *it t emse!ves t eir o*n distinct e5ects on Māori peop!e) and ence t eir econo"ic *e!!being$ Abe! 6asman) a Dutch sai!or ad discovered 3e* 4ea!and and made first contact *it t e Māori in 1;4<) t oug t is *as a short !ived visitation and ad near no impact on t e Māori econo"y at t e time$ 'n 17;, an Eng!ish sai!or) Captain James Coo>) sig ted 3e* 4ea!and$ ?e docu"ented is @ourney on t e Endeavour in persona! @ourna!s, providing insig t to t e p!enti#u!) untapped resources t is ne* !and possessed) as *e!! as t e indigenous peop!es * ich in abited it$ Captain Coo>As reports o# a ne* !and) and its p!enti#u! resources; such as timber and flax #or s ips, prompted a uge number o# sea!ers and * a!ers, !ooking to exp!oit t ese uncontested resources, to i""igrate to 3e* 4ea!and$ 6 e .rst recorded sea!ers arrived in t e Doubt#u! Sounds in 17,< and *ere predominant!y gangs o# ex-convicts #ro" Sydney (Sea!ers and D a!ers - pre 184( contact un>no*n0$ Sea! pe!ts *ere so!d in C ina and Britain) predominant!y used to ma>e *aterproo# clot ing$ 6 e sea!ersA e5ects on t e Māori econo"y *ere not as significant or beneficia! #or Māori as t e * a!ing industry’s$ 6 ey engaged much !ess in trading *it Māori) re2uiring on!y t eir o*n too!s (Sea!ers and D a!ers - pre 184( contact un>no*n0$ 6 ey *ere vie*ed predominant!y as “t ieves” by iwi (tribes), uge!y devastating t e popu!ation o# sea!s in 3e* 4ea!and) * i!st providing !itt!e in return #or Māori econo"ica!!y (Sea!ers and D a!ers 1 pre 184( contact unkno*n0$ D a!ers on t e ot er and provided "any economic opportunities #or Māori) t roug trading) techno!ogica! benefits and emp!oyment$ D a!e oi! *as ig !y va!uab!e as a !ubricant #or machinery among ot er uses. 8ororāreka provided a ub #or deep sea * a!ers #rom 17,,) providing !oca! hapū (clans) in t e area *it many econo"ic opportunities. Gor t eir !ong term voyages, * a!ers re2uired many goods and services, inc!uding but not !i"ited to #resh *ater and #ood) as *e!! as cre*man) * ich t e Māori provided #or t em in e&change #or goods such as potatoes, a!co o!) tobacco) pigs, b!an>ets and iron too!s. Services such as prostitution *ere o#ten traded by Māori #or European resources as *e!!) t e adoption o# short term *ives by * a!ers *as a!so common (Sea!ers and D a!ers - pre 184( contact unkno*n0) t is proved to ave uge imp!ications on t e Māori econo"y due to t e uge spread o# venerea! disease causing in#erti!ity and deat $ Māori timber *as very ig !y soug t a#ter in s ip bui!ding and "aintenance) deep sea * a!ers and shore * a!ers bot re2uired timber and flax ropes to "aintain t eir * a!ing vesse!s, and traders exported uge amounts o# ti"ber /"ain!y kauri (a !arge #orest tree) and tōtara (a !arge #orest tree)) #or mast production and flax ropes #or use in t e s ipping industry (Sea!ers and D a!ers - pre 184( contact un>no*n0$ Coup!ed *it t e inCux o# sea!ers and * a!ers) a !arge nu"ber o# missionaries immigrated) * om #e!t it t eir C ristian duty to convert t e “uncivi!ised” indigenous Māori) re!igiously and t ere#ore cu!tura!!y$ Many missionaries resorted to trading in order to obtain financia! security and ence goods and services to survive (Missionary 'nfluence and t e Maori Heaction <((,0$ Some Māori such as ?ongi ?ika) t e rangatira (chie#0 o# t e 3gā -u i iwi) uti!ised missionaries (such as 6 omas 8enda!!) and t eir abi!ity to provide Destern resources in order to obtain *eapons and ence mana) t e most soug t a#ter *eapon *as t e musket /6 omas 8enda!! *it ?ongi ?i>a unkno*n0$ 6 e demand #or muskets *as so strong t at ?ongi ?ika) * i!st in Eng!and in 18<() traded !and in ?okianga #or an estimated 7(( muskets *it Baron C ar!es de 6 ierry o# Grance$ ?ongi ?ika used t is advantage in mi!itary po*er to acquire !ands #ro" ot er iwi and hapū to t e sout ) and ence resources, gro*ing is iwi’s econo"y$ Becoming economica!!y superior to ot er iwi provided a means #or ?ongi ?i>a to acquire mana /in erited status) /6 e Mus>et Dars unkno*n0$ Prior to t e early contact *it t e Europeans, t e Māori econo"y *as predominant!y based around t e concepts o# subsistence and utu (reciprocity). Hapū produced enoug resources to satisfy t eir o*n operationa! re2uirements, and on so"e occasions, hapū *ou!d produce enoug resources to trade *it ot er hapū and iwi to satisfy utu) and sometimes in order to practice manaaki /to ta>e care o#0$ 6 e arriva! o# sea!ers, * a!ers and traders presented a ne* techno!ogica! and econo"ic potentia! #or Māori) * om 2uickly adopted t e concept o# profit t roug trading *it -ā>e ā$ Ginancia! and materia! benefits #ro" trading *it t e early co!onists a!!o*ed Māori to #urt er community) cu!ture and t eir economic positions (Sea!ers and D a!ers - pre 184( contact unkno*n0$ .