Contents List of Figures . xi Chapter 3. The Archaeological Context by Stephanie M. Whittlesey. 37 List of Tables . xix The West Branch Site: Archaeological Context and Research History . 38 Abstract . xxiii Research History and Archaeological Localities . 38 Extent and Character of the West Branch Site . 44 Acknowledgments. xxiv Disturbance Processes and Site Condition . 45 The Archaeological Context of the SRI Locus Chapter 1. Introduction and Background by and Project History . 46 Stephanie M. Whittlesey. 1 Project History . 46 Site Setting . 2 Environmental and Cultural Disturbance Site Localities and Previous Research . 2 Processes . 47 SRI’s Investigations . 4 Fieldwork Summary . 48 Summary of Results . 5 Archaeological Testing . 48 Report Organization . 6 Data Recovery . 49 The SRI Locus Project in Context . 7 Results of Data Recovery . 51 Stratigraphy . 52 Chapter 2. Research Framework by Architectural Features . 52 Stephanie M. Whittlesey. 9 Nonarchitectural Features . 56 Environmental Setting. 9 Site Structure . 57 Climate . 9 Chronology and Occupation Sequence . 58 Geomorphology and Hydrology . 10 Geology and Soils . 13 Chapter 4. Chronology and Settlement History by Vegetation . 17 William L. Deaver and Stephanie M. Whittlesey . 59 Cultural-Historical Framework . 17 Data and Methods . 60 Paleoindian and Archaic Periods . 17 Radiocarbon Dating . 61 Early Formative Period . 22 Stratigraphy . 61 Hohokam Culture . 23 Archaeomagnetic Dating . 63 Pioneer and Colonial Periods . 23 Decorated Ceramics . 66 The Rincon Phase . 26 Spatial Relationships among Architectural Units . 69 Classic and Protohistoric Periods . 27 Periodization Scheme . 70 Research Themes . 29 Occupational Periods and Building Episodes . 73 Chronology . 29 Dating the Periods and Building Episodes . 80 Household Organization . 30 Ceramic Signatures . 81 Village and Community Organization . 31 Summary of Settlement History and Correspondence Subsistence, Agriculture, and Environment . 32 with the Tucson Basin Chronology . 84 Ceramic Production and Distribution . 33 Modeling Growth and Development of Mortuary Practices and Formation Processes . 35 West Branch . 84 Settlement History and Chronology . 86 v Contents Occupational Period WB 1 . 86 Ceramic Sequences . 162 Occupational Period WB 2 . 90 Comparison of Ceramic Sequences Occupational Period WB 3 . 93 with Stratigraphic Information . 165 Environmental Correlates . 95 Comparison of Ceramic Sequences with Conclusions . 95 Archaeomagnetic Information . 165 Multidimensional Scaling . 166 Chapter 5. Archaeomagnetic Dating by The SRI Locus Ceramic Chronology . 167 William L. Deaver . 101 MDS Analysis of the SRI Locus Collection . 167 Sampling and Laboratory Procedures . 102 Cluster Analysis . 170 Absolute Dating: The WB2000 Dating Curve. 104 Summary and Conclusions . 172 Secular Variation in the U.S. Southwest: SWCV595 . 105 Archaeomagnetic Dating Curves and Methods . 105 Chapter 7. Theoretical Framework: Factors Affecting Accuracy and Resolution of Cultural Landscapes by Archaeomagnetic Dates . 109 Stephanie M. Whittlesey. 181 Data and Procedures . 111 Scale and Units of Analysis . 182 The WB2000 Data Set . 111 Dimensions of Cultural Landscapes . 183 Dating Archaeomagnetic Events from The Cognitive Dimension . 183 Associated Tree-Ring and Radiocarbon The Formal Dimension . 184 Dates . 112 The Historical Dimension . 185 Constructing WB2000 . 114 The Relational Dimension . 185 Finding the Ancient Path of Secular Variation The Ideological Dimension . 186 between A.D. 825 and 1125 . 114 Concepts and Consequences . 187 Calibrating the Curve . 117 Conclusion . 189 Dating Archaeomagnetic Samples . 118 Discussion . 121 Chapter 8: The Built Environment: Interpreting Relative Dating: High-Precision Architecture and Site Structure by Archaeomagnetic Dating . 123 Stephanie Whittlesey . 191 Archaeomagnetic Parameters . 124 Concepts . 192 Establishing Contemporaneity of The Formal Dimension: Architecture and Archaeological Events . 128 Functional Typology of Pit Structures . 193 The Chronological Sequence . 132 Construction Features . 193 Summary and Conclusions . 132 Size and Orientation . 200 Floors and Floor Features . 201 Chapter 6. An Exploration of Ceramic Structure Function . 203 Dating at the SRI Locus by Special-Purpose Structures . 207 William L. Deaver and Stephanie M. Whittlesey . 135 Habitation Structures . 208 Background and Previous Research . 135 Standard Habitation Structures . 209 The Principle of Change in Hohokam Other Habitation Structures . 209 Painted Ceramics . 136 Structures of Unknown Function . 209 Temporal Change in Tucson Basin “Field Houses” . 212 Decorated Ceramics . 138 Remodeling and Abandonment Processes . 212 Analytical Procedures . 144 Historical and Relational Dimensions: House Identifying Temporally Sensitive Ceramic Traits . 144 Clusters and Courtyard Groups . 213 Selecting a Sample and Recording Traits . 145 House Clusters . 213 Recording Procedures . 148 Courtyard Groups . 214 Evaluation of Chronological Expectations . 153 Precincts . 216 Association of Characteristics in Deposits . 153 The Village . 221 Association of Characteristics on Artifacts . 156 The Ideological Dimension: Modeling Meaning Associations of Characteristics in Site Structure . 222 with Decorated Wares . 156 Summary and Conclusions . 227 Associations of Characteristics with Vessel Form . 159 Chapter 9: Domestic Organization by Association among Decorative Stephanie M. Whittlesey . ..