C 2 0 o 1 n 3 d S t i a t t i u o s n o s f & t h e P N e a r t f i 2013 Status of the Nation’s o o n r ’ s m H Highways, Bridges, and Transit: a i n g h c w e a y s , Conditions & Performance B r i d g e s , a n d T r a n s i t : U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Federal Transit Administration REPORT TO CONGRESS Table of Contents List of Exhibits ......................................................................................................................................xi Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................................xxiii Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... xxix Executive Summary ..........................................................................................................................ES-1 Chapter Overviews Part I: Description of Current System ...............................................................................CO-1 Chapter 1: Household Travel ..............................................................................................CO-2 Chapter 1: Freight Movement .............................................................................................CO-3 Chapter 2: System Characteristics: Highways and Bridges .............................................CO-4 Chapter 2: System Characteristics: Transit .......................................................................CO-5 Chapter 3: System Conditions: Highways .........................................................................CO-6 Chapter 3: System Conditions: Transit ..............................................................................CO-7 Chapter 4: Safety: Highways ..............................................................................................CO-8 Chapter 4: Safety: Transit ...................................................................................................CO-9 Chapter 5: System Performance: Highways ....................................................................CO-10 Chapter 5: System Performance: Transit .........................................................................CO-11 Chapter 6: Finance: Highways .........................................................................................CO-12 Chapter 6: Finance: Transit ...............................................................................................CO-13 Part II: Investment/Performance Analysis ......................................................................CO-14 Chapter 7: Potential Capital Investment Impacts: Highways..........................................CO-16 Chapter 7: Potential Capital Investment Impacts: Transit ...............................................CO-17 Chapter 8: Selected Capital Investment Scenarios: Highways ......................................CO-18 Chapter 8: Selected Capital Investment Scenarios: Transit ...........................................CO-19 Chapter 9: Supplemental Scenario Analysis: Highways .................................................CO-20 Chapter 9: Supplemental Scenario Analysis: Transit ......................................................CO-21 Chapter 10: Sensitivity Analysis: Highways ....................................................................CO-22 Chapter 10: Sensitivity Analysis: Transit .........................................................................CO-23 Chapter 11: Transportation Serving Federal and Tribal Lands .......................................CO-24 Chapter 12: Center for Accelerating Innovation ..............................................................CO-25 Chapter 13: National Fuel Cell Bus Program ...................................................................CO-26 Part I: Description of Current System ............................................................................................... I-1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ I-2 U.S. DOT Strategic Plan ............................................................................................................ I-2 Performance Management ........................................................................................................ I-3 Chapter 1: Household Travel and Freight Movement ........................................................... 1-1 Household Travel ............................................................................................................ 1-2 Trends in Our Nation’s Travel ................................................................................................... 1-3 Geographic Trends in Trip Rates and Trip Lengths ................................................................. 1-4 The Determinants of Travel ...................................................................................................... 1-6 Travel by Time of Day ............................................................................................................... 1-7 Usual and Actual Commute: A Typical Day Versus a Specific Day ........................................ 1-7 Baby Boomer Travel Trends ..................................................................................................... 1-8 Travel of Millennials .................................................................................................................. 1-9 Table of Contents iii Aging of the Household Vehicle Fleet ................................................................................... 1-10 Some Myths and Facts About Daily Travel ............................................................................ 1-11 Myth 1: The majority of personal travel is for commuting to work ........................................ 1-11 Myth 2: Americans love their cars, and that’s why they don’t walk or take transit ............... 1-11 Myth 3: Households without vehicles rely completely on transit, walk, and bike ................. 1-12 Myth 4: When elderly drivers give up their driver’s license they maintain mobility by using transit or walking instead of using private vehicles ................................................ 1-15 Myth 5: We can solve congestion by having people shift noncommuting trips outside of peak periods.......................................................................................................... 1-16 Gas Prices and the Public’s Opinions ................................................................................... 1-16 Number One Issue for the Public: Price of Travel .................................................................. 1-17 Freight Movement ......................................................................................................... 1-18 Freight Transportation System ............................................................................................... 1-18 Freight Transportation Demand ............................................................................................. 1-18 Freight Challenges ................................................................................................................. 1-26 Chapter 2: System Characteristics ....................................................................................... 2-1 Highway System Characteristics .................................................................................... 2-2 Roads by Ownership ................................................................................................................ 2-2 Roads by Purpose .................................................................................................................... 2-3 Review of Functional Classification Concepts ......................................................................... 2-3 System Characteristics ............................................................................................................. 2-5 Highway Travel ......................................................................................................................... 2-8 Federal-Aid Highways ............................................................................................................ 2-11 National Highway System ...................................................................................................... 2-12 Interstate System .................................................................................................................... 2-14 Highway Freight System ........................................................................................................ 2-14 Changes under MAP-21 ......................................................................................................... 2-15 Bridge System Characteristics ...................................................................................... 2-17 Bridges by Owner ................................................................................................................... 2-17 Interstate, STRAHNET, and NHS Bridges .............................................................................. 2-18 Bridges by Roadway Functional Classification .................................................................... 2-19 Bridges by Traffic Volume ...................................................................................................... 2-21 Transit