Notes Foreword 1. Acronym for the Israel Defense Forces. Chapter 1 1. Habonim—now Habonim Dror—was first established in London in 1929, spread- ing to North America in 1935 and then to other places in the world. Dror (“freedom”) was established in 1915 in Russia as a Socialist-Zionist youth move- ment and then also spread to other continents. Habonim in North America was based on the principles of Labor Zionism and Socialism and stressed aliya in which Diaspora Jews immigrate to Israel to resettle their ancient homeland. In 1982 Habonim and Dror merged. 2. There are two main ethnic groups of Jews: Ashkenazi Jews, who come from European descent, and Sephardic (or Mizrachi) Jews, who come from Northern Africa and Asian countries. 3. A sabra is a prickly fruit, but is the term used to connote individuals who are born in Israel. There is a popular Israeli saying that the sabras are rough on the outside, but sweet on the inside, like the fruit. 4. Al Naqba is the Arabic term for “the catastrophe,” which occurred when the Jews won the 1948 war, securing their statehood, and the Palestinians lost their homeland and became refugees (Pappe, 2004). 5. The Green Line refers to the armistice borders that resulted at the end of the 1948 War of Independence/Nakba between Israel and the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (Pappe, 2004; Salinas, 2009). 6. Aliya—ascent/immigration by Jews to Israel—was mostly carried out in waves from 1882 until the beginning of the 1990s. Chapter 3 1. All the names used in the examples throughout the book are pseudonyms, unless otherwise noted. 176 ● Notes Chapter 7 1. Since there is disagreement whether or not this was a military operation or a war, we will henceforth refer to it as the Operation/War. 2. Eric’s full name, as well as the names of the Israelis mentioned later on in this chapter, is used here. 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