10/07/2016 Microwave Passive and Active Devices with Integrated Filtering Functions WM05 Yi Wang1, Michael J. Lancaster2 1University of Greenwich (Medway campus), Chatham Maritime, Kent, U.K. 2University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, U.K. [email protected], [email protected] Slide 1 of 175 Programme 9:00 - 9:10 Welcome 9:10 - 9:40 Co-design of High-Q Tunable Filters with Active Devices D. Peroulis, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA 9:40 - 10:10 Integrated filtering power dividers, antennas and arrays Y. Wang, University of Greenwich, UK; S. Gao, University of Kent, UK 10:10 - 10:40 Compact Power Distributing Devices and Power Amplifiers with Integrated Filtering Response X. Zhang, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China 10:40 - 11:20 Coffee Break 11:20 - 11:50 Waveguide components based on all coupled resonators M. J. Lancaster, University of Birmingham, UK 11:50 - 12:20 Single/Multi-Band Power-Distribution and Impedance-Transformation Planar Circuits with Added Static and Reconfigurable Bandpass Filtering Functionality R. Gomez-Garcia, University of Alcala, Madrid, Spain; D. Psychogiou and D. Peroulis, Purdue University, USA 12:20 - 12:50 Synthesis techniques for multiplexers and multiport selective networks G. Macchiarella, Politecnico di Milano, Italy 12:50 - 13:00 Open discussion and concluding remarks Slide 2 WM05 Microwave Passive and Active Devices with Integrated Filtering Functions of 175 1 10/07/2016 Summary of the workshop topics “Passive & active devices with integrated filtering functions” Filter-Bulter Filter-Couplers matrix Filter-Power dividers Filter-Balun ‘Multi-role’, Co-design & ‘Multi- Filter-Antennas/arrays Synthesis functional’ Amplifier-filters Multi-port filtering Resonant junctions networks • Integration and miniaturisation • Performance enhancement Potential – Elimination of 50 ohm interfaces benefits – Bandwidth/selectivity control … • New device configuration and topology Slide 3 WM05 Microwave Passive and Active Devices with Integrated Filtering Functions of 175 Co-design of High-Q Tunable Filters with Active Devices Dimitrios Peroulis Purdue University [email protected] Slide 4 WM05 Microwave Passive and Active Devices with Integrated Filtering Functions of 175 2 10/07/2016 Co-Design of PAs and Tunable Filters Why Co-Design of PA and Filter? Advantages of Co-Design Minimized size & volume & cost Minimized loss Enhanced overall performance Challenges Matching Filter 1. 2D Planar PA vs. 3D Cavity Filter 2. Realization of Matching Filter Slide 5 WM05 Microwave Passive and Active Devices with Integrated Filtering Functions of 175 Tunable Resonator Technology APPROACH: EVANESCENT-MODE CAVITY RESONATORS • High-Q (>500-1,000) • Widely Tunable (>2:1) • Highly-Linear (> 60 dBm) • Scalable from sub-GHz to over 100 GHz • Mobile form factor Slide 6 of 175 3 10/07/2016 Tunable Resonator Technology 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm 10 mm Slide 7 of 175 Tunable Resonator Technology • Capacitive loading significantly reduces area while still maintaining high Q • Large tuning range can be achieved with small changes in gap Resonant frequency 6.5 1300 Quality factor (unloaded) gap 5.5 1100 Q 4.5 900 Frequency(GHz) 3.5 2.5 700 5 10 15 20 25 30 Gap (micrometer) Slide 8 of 175 4 10/07/2016 Tunable Filter Technology - PCB Copper foil Parylene-N Piezo disc Capacitive post Prepreg layer Resonator TMM-3 Silver epoxy element Slide 9 of 175 Tunable Filter Technology - PCB State of the art evanescent-mode cavity filters: • Wide tuning: 0.65 to 6 GHz demonstrated • Bandwidth < 30 MHz • Insertion loss < 3.5 dB for 0.5% bandwidth • High Q: >1300 at 6 GHz measured Tunable 2nd order filter Single Resonator, .5 cm3 volume Q of 1330 measured, tuned over an octave Current state of the art continuously tunable bandpass filters covering 0.65-6 GHz in 4 bands Slide 10 Measured Qu of 175 5 10/07/2016 All-Silicon RF MEMS Tunable Filters First demonstration: • 6.1-24.4 GHz (4:1) continuous tuning measured Slide 11 • Qmeas = 300-1,000 of 175 Additional Filter Technology Info Review paper with additional information and references Slide 12 of 175 6 10/07/2016 Co-Design of PAs and Tunable Filters: 1st order Integration of 2D and 3D Circuits ● Substrate-integrated microwave cavity resonator -- Boundary, Coupling, Post, Field ● Tunability realized using external Piezoelectric actuator E H Cross-Section Illustration Slide 13 K. Chen, X. Liu, and D. Peroulis, “Widely-tunable High-efficiency Power Amplifier with Ultra-narrow Instantaneous Bandwidth,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Dec. 2012 of NNN Co-Design of PAs and Tunable Filters: 1st order Design of Tunable Resonator as OMN of PA Z ZRES in Tolerable Region ZL @ 2-3GHz of GaN with >70% Efficiency Slide 14 of 175 7 10/07/2016 Co-Design of PAs and Tunable Filters: 1st order Fabricated PA-Resonator Continuous Large Tuning -Signal PA Performance vs Freq. Achievements: First co-designed tunable PA-filter module with simultaneous high efficiency,Slide 15 narrowband filtering, and wide tunability of 175 Co-Design of PAs and Tunable Filters: 2nd order Matching Filter Design Theory Regular Filter Matching Filter Coupling Matrix of 2-Pole Filter Zin= Zin=Z0 Z0(0.5+0.5j) Zin Substrate- Integrated Z Same Freq. Cavity 0 Response Arbitrary Input Impedance: 2 2 M12 jM 11M 2L in xZ jy 2 2 1MM 2LS Slide 16 K. Chen, J. Lee, W.J. Chappell, and D. Peroulis, “Co-Design of Highly Efficient Power Amplifier and High-Q Output Bandpass filter,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Nov. 2013. of 175 8 10/07/2016 Co-Design of PAs and Tunable Filters: 2nd order Filter Implementation and Full-Wave Simulation Chebyshev Filter Matching Filter 0 1.037 0 0 0 1.893 0 0 Load Impedance for GaN -- Full-Wave Simulation using .1 037 0 1.287 0 1.893 0 1.287 0 0 1.287 0 1.037 0 1.287 0 1.037 HFSS 0 0 1.037 0 0 0 1.037 0 1.25% Bandwidth @ 3.1 GHz 15-dB Equal-Ripple Return Loss Entire Output Filter Fundamental ZL=15+[email protected] 2nd Harmonic Slide 17 of 175 Co-Design of PAs and Tunable Filters: 2nd order Fabricated PA-Filter Small-Signal Large-Signal Slide 18 of 175 9 10/07/2016 Co-Design of PAs and Tunable Filters: 2nd order Comparison with Conventional Technology Size & volume reduction by about half Implemented Conventional PA + Filter Co-Designed PA + Filter Higher overall efficiency and Reduced loss ≈10% Improvement These results validate the advantages of co-design technique mentioned before. Slide 19 of 175 Co-Design of PAs and Tunable Filters: 3rd order Fabricated 3rd order prototype Fabricated Circuit Filter Impedance @ 3.1GHz Small-Signal Large-Signal Slide 20 of 175 10 10/07/2016 Highly Efficient & Highly Linear Dual Carrier PA Dual Carrier Signal Challenge Nonlinearity Issues Efficiency Back-off Vs. Power Power Peak Power Average Probability Average Vs. Power Efficiency Degradation Envelope Slide 21 of 175 Highly Efficient & Highly Linear Dual Carrier PA Dual Carrier Signal Challenge Current Solution: External Linearization Efficiency Enhancement Feed-Back Doherty PA Feed-Forward + ET & EER Pre-Distortion (DPD) Dynamic Load Modulation Developed Concept Efficient and linear amplification of dual carrier signals. No linearization/efficiency-enhancement needed. Simple realizability, reduced system complexity. Slide 22 of 175 11 10/07/2016 Highly Efficient & Highly Linear Dual Carrier PA Key Enabler & Challenge: Carrier Combiner/Diplexer Each PA amplifies a constant-envelop signal Theoretically zero efficiency degradation Theoretically zero intermodulation Slide 23 K. Chen, E.J. Naglich, Y.-C. Wu, and D. Peroulis, “Highly Linear and Highly Efficient Dual-Carrier Power Amplifier Based on Low-Loss RF Carrier Combiner,” IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., Mar. 2014. of 175 Highly Efficient & Highly Linear Dual Carrier PA Conventional Diplexer Solution Diplexer Filter 1 Filter 2 BPF1 2 Filter 1 Transmissionf1 f2 BPF2 3 Δf ≤ 10 MHz When f is very small: Very steep skirt needed Very high filter order & Narrow BW Increased complexity & High-Q N≥9, Q≥30,000 required for 40-dB attenuation at 2+f GHz Slide 24 -- Calculation from ADS filter model of 175 12 10/07/2016 Highly Efficient & Highly Linear Dual Carrier PA Diplexers with Bandstop Filters 40-dB Isolation @ f=10MHz 0.1 dB Insertion Loss Bandpass: N=9, Q=30000 Hardly Practical! Lowpass & Highpass: N>15, Q>30000 Hardly Practical! Bandstop: N=2, Q=3000 Practical! Slide 25 of 175 Highly Efficient & Highly Linear Dual Carrier PA PA Integrated with Diplexer Integrated Module and Dual-Carrier Testing Setup Building blocks are connected through adaptors Independent characterization of each components Slide 26 of 175 13 10/07/2016 Highly Efficient & Highly Linear Dual Carrier PA Dual Carrier Measurement – CW Slide 27 of 175 Highly Efficient & Highly Linear Dual Carrier PA Dual Carrier Measurement – GSM Slide 28 of 175 14 10/07/2016 Highly Efficient & Highly Linear Dual Carrier PA Co-design brings significant benefits in tunable communication systems. A PA with a substrate integrated waveguide is a convenient and high-performance solution. Wide tuning range with simultaneous high quality factor are key benefits of evanescent-mode waveguides. These solutions can become available for multi-carrier systems as well. Future directions include co-designs with PA-filter-antenna chains. Slide 29 of 175 Integrated filtering power dividers, antennas and arrays Yi Wang1, Steven Gao2 1University of Greenwich (Medway campus), Kent, UK 2University of Kent, UK [email protected], [email protected] Slide 30 WM05 Microwave Passive and Active Devices with Integrated Filtering Functions of 175 15 10/07/2016 Outline 1. Introduction & background 2. Resonators & patch antenna/array integration 2.1 Integrated v.s. cascaded 2.2 All-resonator filtering array (with a 4-way filtering power divider) 2.3 Dual-band filter-antenna 2.4 Duplexer-antenna 3.