SCIENCE FOR THE PROFESSIONS 29:2015 OTEC MATTERS 2015 Edited by Petter Dessne and Lars Golmen OTEC MATTERS 2015 Edited by Petter Dessne & Lars Golmen the present report is the twentyninth in the report series Science for the Professions. The purpose of the series is to present results from ongoing and finished research projects at the University, as well as publishing contributions in an ongoing discussion about the pro- filing of science and applied methods within the framework of the idea of Science for the Professions. An annual output of four to six reports is the goal. Editor of the Series: Björn Brorström, Vice-Chancellor Assistant Editors: Kim Bolton, Professor, Jenny Johannisson, Deputy Vice-Chancellor Technical Editor: Jennifer Tydén, Communications Officer © Petter Dessne & Lars Golmen, 2015 Cover photo: Linus Hammar, Good site for OTEC, Tanzania Print: Ale Tryckteam AB, 2015 ISBN: 978-91-87525-37-7 (tryckt), 978-91-87525-38-4 (pdf) ISSN: 1654-6520 In the report series Science for the Professions 1. Forskning vid Högskolan i Borås. Om förhållningssätt, innehåll, profil och metod. 2. Smart Textiles 3. Knalleandan – drivkraft och begränsning. Ett forskningsprogram om företagande, traditioner och förnyelse i Sjuhäradsbygden. 4. In search of a new theory of professions 5. A Delphi study of research needs for Swedish libraries 6. Vad är vetenskap? 7. Styrning i offentlig förvaltning – teori, trender och tillämpningar 8. Profession och vetenskap – idéer och strategier för ett professionslärosäte 9. Framgångsrik förnyelse. Forskningsprogrammet om företagande, traditioner och förnyelse i Sjuhäradsbygden. 10. 20 år med Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan – historik, nuläge och framtid 11. Fenomenet Ullared – en förstudie 12. Undervisning i en ICA-butik 13. Risker och säkerhet i professionell vardag – tekniska, organisatoriska och etiska perspektiv 14. Knalleandan i gungning? 15. Från Högskolan i Borås till Humboldt, volym i – Den svenska högskolans roll i en motsägelsefull tid 16. Från Högskolan i Borås till Humboldt, volym ii – Bildning och kunskapskulturer 17. Lärarutbildningens betydelse för en inkluderande skola 18. Brukarens roll i välfärdsforskning och utvecklingsarbete 19. Högskolelandskap i förändring. Utmaningar och möjligheter för Högskolan i Borås. 20. Mot en mer hållbar konsumtion – en studie om konsumenters anskaffning och avyttring av kläder. 21. I begynnelsen var ordet – ett vårdvetenskapligt perspektiv på språk och afasi 22. Nätverk, trådar och spindlar – Samverkan för ökad återanvändning och återvinning av kläder och textil 23. Libraries, black metal and corporate finance 24. Veljekset Keskinen – Finlands mest besökta shoppingdestination 25. Kan detaljhandeln bidra till att minska det textila avfallet?: Textilreturen i Ullared – ett experiment om återvinning 26. Från Högskolan i Borås till Humboldt, volym 3 Vetenskap på tvären: akademiska värden, friheter och gränser 27. Samverkan för hållbar stadsutveckling och tvärsektoriell samsyn 28. Ledarskap i vården: Att möta media och undvika personfokuserade drev 29. OTEC Matters 2015 Table of Contents Foreword _____________________________________________ 3 Dr. Björn Brorström, vice-­‐chancellor, University of Borås, Sweden Preface _______________________________________________ 5 Welcome to OTEC Matters! ______________________________ 9 An introduction to OTEC technology ______________________ 12 Petter Dessne, founder OTEC Africa, University of Borås, Sweden Fresh Water from Ocean Thermal Energy __________________ 33 Vicente Fachina, Petrobras, Brazil OTEC in the TROPOS Multipurpose Platform Concept ______ 50 Dr. Lars G. Golmen, Runde environmental centre/Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Norway, Dr. Jason C.S. Yu, -­‐ National Sun Yat Sen University, Taiwan, & Dr. W. Chen, NIVA, Norway OTEC advanced composite cold water pipe: An overview of its development and fabrication process validation ______________ 60 Dr. Alan K. Miller, Santa Cruz, California, USA Production of Fresh Water using Renewable Ocean Thermal Energy ____________________________________________________ 69 Dr. C. B. Panchal, Consultant, USA OTEC Technology for Aiding Women in Developing Countries: An Investigation of Women’s Health-Related Quality of Life in Rural Areas of Iran near the Coast of Gulf of Oman ___________ 79 Zahra Yadali Jamaluei, Department of Sociology and Social Planning, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Fars, Iran Preventing environmental impacts of OTEC ________________ 91 Dr. Linus Hammar, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden A case study of a hypothetical 100 MW OTEC plant analyzing the prospects of OTEC technology ___________________________ 98 Dr. Subhashish Banerjee, India, Formerly of Coventry University, UK, Dr. Les Duckers, Coventry University, UK, & Dr. Richard Blanchard, Loughborough University, UK The Lessons of Nature and Heat Pipe OTEC ______________ 130 Jim Baird, freelance writer and inventor, Canada The OTEC Africa Conference 2013 _____________________ 149 Petter Dessne, founder OTEC Africa, University of Borås, Sweden Opt for OTEC for a sustainable world! ___________________ 177 Petter Dessne, founder OTEC Africa, University of Borås, Sweden, Lars Golmen, Director Runde Environmental Centre, Norway, Ted Johnson, Executive Director, Ocean Thermal Energy Corporation, USA, Desikan Bharathan, Principal Engineer at National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA, & Harold Lever, CEO, Archimedes Solutions, The Netherlands – 2 – Foreword Dr. Björn Brorström, vice-chancellor, University of Borås, Sweden In the autumn of 2013, a conference was held at the University of Borås where the technology known as OTEC – Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion – and its possibilities and limitations were discussed. A variety of studies were presented that constituted an overview of the state of the art within OTEC. Some of these studies and presentations, along with other material, have now been gathered together in this anthology which is published in the series “Science for professions” at the University of Borås. OTEC is a technique for extracting fresh water from salt water while simultaneously extracting renewable energy in the process. OTEC has great potential and very far-reaching positive consequences for application in terms of the supply of fresh water and energy. These possibilities are described in the anthology. The express purpose of the anthology is to introduce OTEC and its benefits and advantages to both laymen and scientists, and to showcase OTEC as a tool for sustainable development in developing countries. It is an advanced technology and it is a fact that facilities and installations for applying the technique require a very substantial financial investment as well as significant efforts and contributions by the various stakeholders involved. The University of Borås has a strong sustainability profile. Since spring 2012, the University’s environmental management system has been certified according to ISO 14001. This confirmed that the university was strong in this area, and since then our efforts to become a university which meets even more stringent environmental requirements in all significant parts of our activities have been intensified. These efforts aim towards our goal to become a Sustainable University. We improve our rules and practices in order to become more energy efficient and to reduce our negative impact on the environment, we develop courses and parts of courses where sustainability is in focus in a broad sense, and we initiate and conduct research concerning sustainability. Our initiative to spread awareness of OTEC, highlight the technological development and monitor the development of information and the outcome of its application strengthens and deepens our sustainability profile. OTEC Matters 2015 is report number 29 in the University’s report series “Science for professions”. The purpose of the report series is to disseminate knowledge concerning research conducted within the University and to provide a basis for debate concerning scientific ideals and objectives as well as the approach to scientific research. The OTEC Matters anthology describes a technique about which knowledge is vitally important. It is also important to stimulate discussion about the possibilities of the technology and the obstacles that hinder its implementation. The editors of the anthology are Lars Golmen, who is active at the Runde Environmental Centre located in western Norway, and Petter Dessne, who works at the University of Borås. I want to thank them both for an important anthology and a serious commitment to deal with the challenges presented by sustainable development. I would also like to thank the authors for their contributions to the anthology. Finally, I wish everyone interesting reading. – 4 – Preface Lars Golmen, Runde Environmental Centre My fascination for OTEC is rooted back in the 1970’s, when there was the first upsurge for renewable energy, following the oil crisis in 1973. Norway has 99 % of its electricity production covered by hydroelectric power. Thinking then about anything else in renewables was something probably most for ‘loners’, but still, Norway managed to build a significant expertise in ocean energies like wave and tidal energy in the decades to follow, still dwarfed by the emerging offshore oil/gas industry. OTEC remained an exotic technology for us, as the waters off Norway are not suitable for it. By building relations with experts particularly in the US, but also Japan and Europe, I was still able to contribute modestly