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The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates http://www.nap.edu/catalog/4909.html The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates Committee on Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates Institute for Laboratory Animal Research Commission on Life Sciences National Research Council NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 1998 Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates http://www.nap.edu/catalog/4909.html NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS • 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. • Washington, DC 20418 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This study was supported by Contract No. NO1-RR-1-2114 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Institutes of Health. The U.S. Department of Agriculture also supported the study with funds provided through the NIH contract. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily re- flect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The psychological well-being of nonhuman primates : a report of the Committee on Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, National Research Council. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-309-05233-5 1. Primates as laboratory animals. 2. Primates—Psychology. 3. Animal welfare. I. Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (U.S.). Committee on Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates. QL737.P9 P776 1998 599.8′01′9—ddc21 98-40103 The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates is available from National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, D.C. 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu Printed in the United States of America Copyright 1998 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates http://www.nap.edu/catalog/4909.html COMMITTEE ON WELL-BEING OF NONHUMAN PRIMATES Irwin S. Bernstein (Chair), Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia Christian R. Abee, Department of Comparative Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama Kathryn A. L. Bayne, Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Labora- tory Animal Care International, Rockville, Maryland Thomas M. Butler, Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas Judy L. Cameron, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pitts- burgh, Pennsylvania Christopher L. Coe, Department of Psychology, Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin W. Richard Dukelow, Endocrine Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan Gisela Epple, Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Dorothy M. Fragaszy, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Ath- ens, Georgia William A. Mason, California Primate Research Center, University of Califor- nia, Davis, California Klaus A. Miczek, Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Mas- sachusetts Melinda A. Novak, Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts Martin L. Reite, Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health and Science Center, Denver, Colorado Duane M. Rumbaugh, Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia Paul W. Schilling, Charles River Laboratories, Summerland Key, Florida Elwyn L. Simons, Duke Primate Center, Duke University, Durham, North Caro- lina Charles T. Snowdon, Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Staff Thomas L. Wolfle, Project Officer Kathleen Beil, Administrative Assistant Kevin Layman, Editorial Assistant/Senior Secretary Amanda E. Hull, Program Assistant Carol M. Rozmiarek, Project Assistant Susan S. Vaupel, Editor Norman Grossblatt, Editor iii Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates http://www.nap.edu/catalog/4909.html iv PREFACE INSTITUTE FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH COUNCIL John VandeBerg (Chair), Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas Christian R. Abee, Department of Comparative Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama Muriel T. Davisson, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine Bennett Dyke, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas Gerald F. Gebhart, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Univer- sity of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa James W. Glosser, Massillon, Ohio Margaret Landi, Department of Laboratory Animal Science, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania Charles R. McCarthy, Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. Robert J. Russell, Harlan Sprague Dawley, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana John G. Vandenbergh, Department of Zoology, North Carolina State Univer- sity, Raleigh, North Carolina Richard C. Van Sluyters, School of Optometry, University of California, Ber- keley, California Peter A. Ward, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan Thomas D. Pollard, (ex officio), Chairman, Commission on Life Sciences, Presi- dent, Salk Research Institute, La Jolla, California Staff Ralph B. Dell, Director Kathleen Beil, Administrative Assistant Kevin Layman, Editorial Assistant/Senior Secretary Susan Vaupel, Managing Editor, ILAR Journal The Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (ILAR) was founded in 1952 under the auspices of the National Research Council. A component of the Com- mission on Life Sciences, ILAR develops guidelines and positions and dissemi- nates information on the scientific, technological, and ethical use of laboratory animals and related biological resources. ILAR promotes high-quality, humane care of laboratory animals and the appropriate use of laboratory animals and al- ternatives in research, testing, and education. ILAR serves as an adviser to the federal government, the biomedical research community, and the public. iv Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates http://www.nap.edu/catalog/4909.html PREFACE v COMMISSION ON LIFE SCIENCES Thomas D. Pollard (Chair), The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California Frederick R. Anderson, Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, Washington, D.C. John C. Bailar III, University of Chicago, Illinois Paul Berg, Stanford University, Stanford, California Joanna Burger, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey Sharon L. Dunwoody, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin John L. Emmerson, Eli Lilly and Co. (Ret.), Indianapolis, Indiana Neal L. First, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Ursula W. Goodenough, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri Henry W. Heikkinen, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado Hans J. Kende, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan Cynthia J. Kenyon, University of California, San Francisco, California David M. Livingston, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts Thomas E. Lovejoy, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Donald R. Mattison, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania Joseph E. Murray, Harvard University, Wellesley Hills, Massachusetts Edward E. Penhoet, Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, California Malcolm C. Pike, Norris/USC Comprehensive