Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment Meld. St. 16 (2019–2020) Report to the Storting (white paper) New goals for Norway’s cultural environment policy Involvement, sustainability and diversity Meld. St. 16 (2019–2020) Report to the Storting (white paper) New goals for Norway’s cultural environment policy Involvement, sustainability and diversity Translation from Norwegian. For information only. Contents 1 Cultural environment policy – Part II National goals .............................. 37 part of Norway’s climate and environmental policy................... 5 8 Involvement ................................. 39 8.1 The cultural environment as a 2 New national goals for common good and shared Norway’s cultural responsibility .................................. 39 environment policy ..................... 7 8.2 Participation and democracy ........ 40 2.1 Background .................................... 7 8.2.1 Voluntary work .............................. 41 2.2 A more detailed account of the 8.2.2 Public Participation ....................... 42 new national goals .......................... 8 8.3 Accessibility ................................... 45 2.2.1 Development of performance 8.3.1 Digital dissemination ..................... 46 indicators and governance data .... 9 8.3.2 Cultural environment data ............ 46 2.3 Other national environmental 8.4 Better framework conditions for targets .............................................. 9 owners of cultural heritage ........... 48 2.4 Input to the white paper ................ 9 8.4.1 Traditional crafts ............................ 48 8.4.2 Consultancy services ..................... 49 3 Summary ....................................... 12 8.4.3 The Cultural Heritage Fund ......... 53 8.5 Follow-up ........................................ 54 Part I Status and development trends ............................................. 13 9 Sustainability ................................ 56 9.1 Three-dimensional approach ........ 56 4 The status of the existing 9.1.1 Environmental sustainability ........ 56 national targets ............................ 15 9.1.2 Social sustainability ....................... 60 9.1.3 Economic sustainability ................ 65 5 Challenges facing society 9.2 Integrated land use and social in 2020 ........................................... 21 planning .......................................... 70 5.1 The green shift ............................... 22 9.2.1 Regional and municipal 5.2 Democracy ...................................... 22 planning .......................................... 70 5.3 Digitalisation ................................... 25 9.2.2 Land-use management .................. 74 9.2.3 World Heritage .............................. 74 6 Cultural environment 9.3 Follow-up ........................................ 77 management in Norway in 2020 .......................................... 26 10 Diversity ......................................... 78 6.1 A brief history ................................. 26 10.1 From conservation programmes 6.2 The Regional Reform ..................... 26 to preservation strategies ............. 78 6.3 Organisation of the management 10.1.1 New preservation strategies ......... 78 of the cultural environment ........... 27 10.2 Financial instruments .................... 81 10.2.1 Grant schemes ............................... 82 7 Overarching guidelines and 10.2.2 Other financial instruments .......... 83 frameworks .................................... 31 10.3 Collaboration and coordinated 7.1 Principles of environmental law use of policy instruments .............. 84 and environmental policy .............. 31 10.3.1 Collaboration with private 7.2 International frameworks and stakeholders and organisations ... 84 agreements ..................................... 32 10.3.2 Interdisciplinary partnerships ...... 88 7.2.1 UN conventions .............................. 32 10.4 Legislation ...................................... 91 7.2.2 Conventions of the Council of 10.4.1 The Cultural Heritage Act ............ 93 Europe ............................................. 34 10.4.2 The Planning and Building Act .... 93 10.4.3 The Nature Diversity Act .............. 94 10.5 Follow-up ........................................ 95 Part III Knowledge and international 11.6.3 Digital documentation ................... 106 cooperation ................................... 97 11.7 Follow-up ........................................ 107 11 Knowledge ..................................... 99 12 International cooperation.......... 108 11.1 Research and development 12.1 Global cooperation ......................... 108 work ................................................. 99 12.1.1 United Nations Educational, 11.2 International research Scientific and Cultural cooperation ..................................... 100 Organization (UNESCO) .............. 108 11.3 Statistics and monitoring ............... 101 12.1.2 International heritage crime ......... 112 11.4 Medieval archaeology .................... 101 12.2 European cooperation ................... 113 11.5 Cultural environment data ............. 102 12.2.1 The Council of Europe .................. 113 11.5.1 Askeladden ..................................... 102 12.2.2 Cooperation with the EU .............. 113 11.5.2 Registers of cultural 12.2.3 The EEA and Norway Grants ....... 114 environments of national 12.2.4 Nordic cooperation ........................ 114 interest ............................................. 103 12.3 Follow-up ........................................ 116 11.6 Documentation technology ........... 104 11.6.1 The National Elevation Model 13 Economic and administrative of Norway and Copernicus ............ 104 consequences .............................. 117 11.6.2 Geophysical surveying methods ........................................... 105 New goals for Norway’s cultural environment policy Involvement, sustainability and diversity Meld. St. 16 (2019 – 2020) Report to the Storting (white paper) Recommendation from the Ministry of Climate and Environment 17 April 2020, approved by the Council of State on the same day. (The Solberg Government) 1 Cultural environment policy – part of Norway’s climate and environmental policy Humans have always left traces of their activities as an important part of Norway’s overall climate in their surroundings. These traces constitute our and environmental policy. communal memory of past generations’ societies When the Ministry of the Environment was and ways of life. They are environmental, social established in 1972, responsibility for legislation and economic assets that provide the basis for and management of cultural monuments and sites knowledge, experience and use. They are also was an integral part of its mandate. The thinking valuable resources in a circular system of reuse. behind the decision to combine responsibility for With good, integrated land use and social plan- nature management, management of cultural ning, cultural heritage can be a positive resource monuments and sites and physical planning in one and part of the solution to many of our era’s socie- place was the wish to be able to include the man- tal challenges. agement of nature and the cultural environment in Human impact on the environment is now so the general land-use planning and to form a basis pervasive that loss of biodiversity and a global cli- for integrated management of the environment mate crisis have become the greatest challenges and Norway’s resources in a long-term perspec- of our time. To understand our own era, we need tive. to understand the people who came before us and The cultural-historical elements in the land- historical developments. The cultural-historical scape have been created through people’s adapta- traces in our surroundings are a testimony to tions to and use of nature. The close connections humanity’s ability to influence nature, but also between the natural environment and the cultural nature’s influence on our lives. environment and how they are managed have The challenges society is facing require a been defined and developed in Norway’s climate change of course, including in the national policy and environmental policy, resource management for the cultural environment. The purpose of this practices, legislation and regulations since 1972. white paper is to present new national goals for In recent years, the links between the manage- Norway’s cultural environment policy and ensure ment of the cultural environment on the one hand a clearer focus on the cultural environment sector and the management of climate change and envi- ronmental issues in general on the other have 6 Meld. St. 16 2019–2020 New goals for Norway’s cultural environment policy become more evident and have been brought into value-creation projects, and in the nine regional sharper focus. This can be seen in, for example: parks. Cultural and natural heritage are assets the European Landscape Convention, which that are inextricably interlinked and constitute an emphasises landscape as the connecting link important resource for society. between nature and culture; Norway’s involve- It is important and necessary that the manage- ment in the World Heritage Convention’s common ment of the cultural environment is seen in tan- framework for the preservation of the world’s dem with and is integrated as part of the broader most important cultural and natural heritage; and management of climate change and environmen- the Norwegian initiative Agricultural Landscapes tal issues.