QUANTITATIVE DATA FILE FOR ORE MINERALS QUANTITATIVE DATA FILE FOR ORE MINERALS THIRD EDITION Edited by A.J. Criddle and C.J. Stanley Department of Mineralogy Natural History Museum London, UK SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. First edition 1978, second edition 1986 published by The British Museum (Natural History) Third edition 1993 © 1978,1986,1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 3rd edition 1993 — Commission on Ore Mineralogy Typeset by Dave Williams, Sawbridgeworth ISBN 978-94-010-4652-7 ISBN 978-94-011-1486-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-1486-8 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be repro• duced, stored, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers at the London address printed on this page. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data available Contents Preface to third edition vii Acknowledgments vii Background and introductory notes to QDF3 ix Format of QDF3 ix Name and formula ix Symmetry x Provenance x Chemical composition x X-ray data x Reflectance standards x Monochromator and photomultiplier x Effective Numerical Aperture x Micro-indentation hardness (Vickers) xi Reflectance data xi Symbols for reflectance used in QDF3 xii Symbol or symbols xiii Reflectance data in two-media xvi Reflectance spectra and chemical composition xvii Colour and quantitative colour xvii Scaling of graphs xxii Polishing method xxii Reference and further information xxii Keys for identification xxii Species representation xxii Selected Bibliography xxiii 1. General mineralogical nomenclature xxiii 2. Quantitative and qualitative ore mineralogy xxiii 3. Reflectance-based identification schemes xxiv COM wavelength key 1 xxv Colour value key 2 xxxviii Air and oil data 440-700nm key 3 li Data file 1 PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION This third edition (or issue) of the Quantitative Data reviewers, and reported by users of the earlier File for ore minerals (QDF) of the Commission on editions. The result is that 510 species and 125 are Mineralogy of the International Mineralogical compositional or structural variants, or varieties, of Association (COM-IMA) is published, with the species, are represented in QDF3. A large number of support of the Natural History Museum, London, by the entries include data collected from the type Chapman & Hall. It has been greatly revised and specimen of a mineral: these include data extracted enlarged and now includes graphs of the reflectance from the published literature. In this respect, QDF3 spectra for all of its entries. These have been differs from earlier editions. included in response to requests from users of the We have also revised and simplified the notes earlier editions. Also included, for those users concerning X-ray data: no longer are the strongest unfamiliar with the application of such spectra to lines in the powder diffraction pattern quoted, nor mineral identification, are introductory notes, are cell dimensions generally given. Instead, it was illustrated with examples of R spectra. decided to refer to data from the original description, The 635 data sets, which are arranged or to data in the PDF of the JCPDS. Where our data alphabetically by mineral name, one set to a page, differed from those in the PDF, such differences are retain the tabular format (if slightly modified) of noted. In all, confirmatory X-ray data (or references QDF2. The graphs are drawn, depending on the to the original data) were obtained for 89.6% of the dispersion of the reflectance curves, to the most entries in QDF3. appropriate of one of four scales of reflectance (25%, Micro-indentation hardness (VHN) values are 50%,75% and 100%). Colour values computed quoted for 492 of the data sets \17 %), however, as in relative to the Commission Internationale de QDF2, a smaller proportion (46.7% of the total) were I'Eclairage (OE) illuminants A and C are provided for most of the entries (97 .5 %). at the preferred force of 100pond. The three 'keys' to A feature unique to the QDF is that most of its assist in the optical identification of a mineral, optical and compositional data were collected from introduced in QDF2, are retained, though, of course, the same area of a mineral. This follows a policy they are completely revised to incorporate the new decision of the COM which recognises the optical data, and now include simplified chemical interdependence of the two properties: composition formulae (for those users who do not automatically and optics. While every effort was made, when relate a minerals name to its composition). collecting data for the File, to ensure that reliable The production of a laboratory reference work, compositional data were included for all data sets, such as the QDF, is very demanding of time: QDF3 we were unable to replace some of the incomplete was produced using Borland's* relational database sets from QDF2. In all, some 90 % (572) of the data management system, Paradox®, combined with the sets contain related optical and compositional data. graphing facilities of Quattro Pro®. In setting-up the Another unusual feature of the QDF, in all of its database, errors and inconsistencies will, editions, is that a substantial proportion of its entries undoubtedly, have crept into the work. The Editors were previously unpublished, and obtained take responsibility for all such errors and, on behalf specifically for the File. In QDF3, these number 172, of the COM, would be grateful if any that are found many of which are for minerals where previously no are brought to their attention. optical data existed in the published literature. In this sense, the QDF is the only source of characteristic ACKNOWLEDGMENTS quantitative data for many ore minerals, further, it is the only compiled-source of spectral reflectance data In a work of this kind, which relies so heavily on under oil immersion. In the current edition, a international cooperation, it is impossible to thank concerted effort was made to supply data for all of everybody who ha~ contributed to its successful the known tellurides, for as many of the oxides as appearance. We thank all of the contributors of data was practicable (60 species more than QDF2), and to sets, reference to whom is made individually, with fill such'gaps' in species coverage as were noted by their data, in the pages of the File. Especial thanks * Paradox and Quattro Pro are registered trade marks of Borland International, Inc. vii go, in this context, to Yves Moelo (BRGM) for enabled us to confirm the identity of many rare compiling the contributions from France. minerals. We are particularly grateful to our many friends, We thank Myra Givans of NHM Publications around the world, who spent their time so selflessly and Ruth Cripwell of Chapman & Hall for their in locating mineral samples in their collections, and gentle encouragement during the gestation of this who either lent, or donated them for investigation: volume. And, for his patience, professionalism and from Austria, Werner Paar (Salzburg); from Belgium, scrupulous attention to detail, we are indebted to Jacques Jedwab (Brussels); from Canada, Gary Dave Williams, who was involved, from the outset, Ansell, Louis Cabri, Don Harris, DeAlton Owens, in constructing the QDF database and who was Andy Roberts (Ottawa); Steve Kissin (Thunder Bay); responsible for turning our computer output into Bob Gait and Joe Mandarino (Toronto); from 'camera-ready' form. Germany, Gunter Grlintmann (Munich); from Finally, we thank Fifi and Hari for their piscine Switzerland, Stefan Graeser (Basel); from the UK, therapy. David Vaughan (Manchester); and from the USA, Pete Dunn (Washington) and Ben Leonard (Denver). The COM owes a particular debt of gratitude to Alan Criddle and Chris Stanley John Francis and Steve Somogyi of the NHM, whose Department of Mineralogy unstinting efforts to obtain satisfactory X-ray data, The Natural History Museum from the often puny samples we were able to extract, London, U.K. viii BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTORY NOTES TO QDF3 Since the publication, in 1986, of QDF2, several very Williams from the Museum's employ, he continued useful works have been produced in the field of ore as consultant to the editors for this task). The volume mineralogy and ore microscopy: Gerlitz et al. (1989) you are now reading is the product of this made available a computer-based identification collaboration. system for ore minerals (using QDF2 as its source)i Early in the planning of QDF3 (and before all of more traditionally, Tarkian & LieBmann (1991) the production details described above), it was published their guide to the identification of ore worked out what was required to provide a minerals, and Ixer (1990), his atlas of ore textures. substantially improved edition of the File. The importance of colour (and its causes) were dealt Experience in the production of the 2nd edition had with brilliantly and didactically by Andrew Peckett shown that, in the main, authors were reluctant to (1992), and the COM, itself, in collaboration with the supply data in the format required by us - even Mineralogical Association of Canada, produced a when prompted by their COM National volume of 'Short Course Notes' on 'Advanced Representatives.