Notes NOTE ON SOURCES The main source material for this book has been the Foreign Office, Cabinet and Chief of Staff papers, together with some S.O.E. reports and correspondence, now available in the Public Record Office. The bulk of the source references therefore refer to these. I have also made use of the official war histories and the published records of individuals who took part in events, from Churchill and Field-Marshal Lord Wilson to the British Liaison Officers in the field or Yugoslav Partisans such as Milovan Djilas, Svetozar Vukmanovic-Tempo and Vladimir Dedijer; and to try to get a view from the other side I have dipped into official Communist histories of the countries concerned, where these have been available to me. What I have found especially valuable has been the help given to me personally by individuals who were involved in one way or another in South-East Europe during the Second World War. George Taylor and Bickham Sweet-Escott, who held central executive positions in S.O.E. from the days when it was Section D, have been particularly generous in giving me their personal memories, and George Taylor also made available to me papers in his possession, including the Pirie Report on Greece; in the source references these are referred to as 'G.T. papers'; other information given to me by him appears as 'G.T. to E.B.'. I also had invaluable help on Rumania from Ivor Porter, and he appears in the source references as 'I.P.' Professor W. J. M. Mackenzie, the author of the official but unpublished history of the S.O.E., was extremely kind in helping to clear up obscure points and sort out difficulties; he appears in the source references as 'W.J.M.M.'. I should also make particular mention of Dr Laszlo Veress, who was most generous in giving me first-hand information about Hungary and his own experiences, in 1943-4; he appears simply as 'Veress' (not to be confused with General L. Veress de Dalnok, who also very kindly gave me some pointers from his personal memories, and whom I have also quoted). Where other people have given me information from their own personal memories, their names appear in full in the source references. I have mentioned them and thanked them in the foreword. I have to thank the Rt. Hon. Anthony Crossland, M.P., for per­ mission to use material from the Dalton Papers, now in the London 270 JVotes School of Economics Library. These I have referred to as 'Dalton Papers'. CHAPTER I 1 Documents of British Foreign Policy, Third Series v 197. 2 Ibid., p. 1. 3 Ibid., pp. r ff. 4 Ibid., pp. 84·ff. 5 Ibid., p. 183. 6 David Dilkes, The Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan 1938-1945, p. 173. 7 DBFP, loc. cit., p. 207. 8 Cadogan Diaries, p. 1 19. 9 Ibid.,p. 117. 10 FO 371/23752 F.P. 36/879 8.5.39· 11 Lord Lloyd, Secretary of State for Colonies, 1940-1. 12 Cadogan Diaries, p. 121. 13 Eden, Facing the Dictators, pp. 513 ff. 14 DBFP Third Series vi 294· 15 FO 371/24885 Note on Hungarian-Rumanian relations in Aug. 1939 22.1.40. 16 FO 371/24984 Hoare letter to Nichols 23.1.40. 17 DBFP, loc. cit., p. 267. 18 DBFP, Joe. cit., p. 437· 19 DBFP Third Series v 197. 20 Cripps was ambassador in Moscow, 194o-2. 21 FO 371/24845 Cripps letter to Collier 16.7.40. 22 PREM 3/374/13A Churchill minute 25.10.44· CHAPTER 2 1 DBFP Third Series v 107. 2 DBFP Third Series VI 294· 3 CAB 65/1 W.M. (39) 8 8.9.39, W.M. (39) 15 14·9·39· 4 FO 371/29750 Rende! to Eden R 4411/1041/7 27-3-41. 5 CAB 65/1 W.M. (39) 61 26.10.39· 6 FO 371/24950 Bucharest 17 8.1.40, FO 371/24427 O'Malley memoran- dum 12.1.40. 7 FO 371/24991 Hoare despatches II and 25·3·40. 8 FO 371/24887 Hoare despatch 20.3.40. 9 FO 371/24886 Halifax letter to Chatfield 16.2.40 Annex m. 10 FO 371/24887 Athens 175 2.4.40. 11 FO 371/24869 Politika 25-4-40, The Times 30·4·40. 12 FO 371/24889 M.P. (40) 140 29.4·40. 13 Sir Ronald Campbell, P.C., G.C.M.G., C.B., Ambassador in Cairo, 1946-50. FO 371/24890 Belgrade 368 18.6-40. 14 Franc;ois Fonvieille-Alquier, The French and the Phoney War 1939-40, p. 67. 15 CAB 65/1 W.M. (39) 8 8.9.39· Notes 16 CAB 6s/1 W.M. (39) 12 11.9·39· 17 CAB 65/1 W.M. (39) 15 14·9·39· 18 CAB 6s/1 W.M. (39) 21 20.9.39· 19 CAB 65/1 W.M. (39) 23 22.9.39. 20 CAB 65/1 W.M. (39) 39 6.10.39· 21 CAB 65/1 W.M. (39) 95 26.1 1.39. 22 CAB 6s/2 W.M. (39) 107 7.12.39, W.P. (39) 149. 23 CAB 65/1 W.M. (39) 99 30.1 1.39. 24 CAB 65/2 W.M. (39) 107 7.12.39· 25 CAB 65/2 W.M. (39) 115 14.12.39· 26 CAB 6s/2 W.M. (39) 120 20.12.39, W.M. (39) 115 14.12·39· 27 CAB 6s/2 W.M. (39) 123 27.12.39. 28 FO 371/24884 Rome 32 10.1.40. 29 FO 371/24884 Campbell letter to Nichols 1.1.40 R 222/G/54• 30 FO 371/24884 Minute by Lt-Col. C. S. Clarke to H.M. Minister Belgrade I. 1.40. 31 FO 371/24884 Campbell letter to Nichols 1.1.40 R222/G/54· 32 Ibid. Belgrade 4 3·1.40. 33 FO 371/24879 Rende! letter to Halifax 10.2.40. 34 Later Sir George Rendel, K.C.M.G., H.M. Ambassador to Belgium 1947-so. 35 FO 371/29750 Rende! despatch to Eden 27.3-41 R/4411/1041/7. 36 FO 371/24884 monitoring report. 37 FO 371/24884 Note by Military Attache Athens 8.qo. 38 C.O.S. (4o) 186 8.qo. 39 FO 371/24888 Gen. Marshall Cornwall letter to Nichols 6.4-40. 40 FO 371/24885 C.O.S. M.R. (40) 4· 41 FO 371/24888 C.O.S. (4o) 282 (S) 8.4.40. 42 FO 371/24886 Allied Military Committee M.R. (40) 32nd meeting 4·2-40. 43 FO 371/24886 Allied Military Committee M.R. {40) 10 5.2.40. 44 FO 371/24886 Halifax letter to Chatfield 16.2.40 R2173/G/112. 45 FO 371/24887 Halifax memorandum on S. E. Europe W.P. (40) 110 26.3·40. 46 FO 371/24888 Forbes memorandum 28.3.4,0. 47 FO 371/24888 Col. Rozoy letter 3·5·40. 48 FO 371/24888 Allied Military Committee D. F. 110 6-4-40 R4346/G/24. 49 FO 371/24888 C.O.S. draft paper M.R. (J) (40) 6.4-40. 50 FO 371/24889 Extract from War Cabinet Conclusions 105 (40) S. 51 Sir Pierson Dixon, G.C.M.G., C.B., H.M. Ambassador to France, 196o-4. 52 FO 371/24889 Dixon minute 6.5.40, Nicholls minute 13.5·40. 53 FO 371/29782 Angora 670 28.3.41. 54 FO 371/24890 J.P. (40) 216 4.6.40. 55 FO 371/24890 Sofia 276 DIPP 11.6.40, Belgrade 283 DIPP 1.6.40. 56 FO 371/24890 Nicholls minute 15.6.40. 57 FO 371/24890 C.O.S. (4o) 525 3·7-40. 58 FO 371/24890 FO circular telegram 128 5·7·40. Notes CHAPTER 3 1 CAB 65/1 w.M. (39) 19 18.9.39· 2 CAB 65/1 W.M. (39) 20 19·9·39· 3 CAB 65/1 W.M. (39) 22 21·9·39· 4 CAB 6s/x W.M. (39) 24 23·9·39· 5 CAB 65/1 W.M. (39) 31 29·9·39· 6 CAB 65/1 W.M. (39) 36 4.10.39· 7 CAB 65/1 W.M. (39) 39 6.10.39. 8 CAB 65/1 W.M. (39) 51 18.10.39· 9 Ibid. xo FO 371/24845 Moscow no. I t.1.40. II CAB 65/2 W.M. (39) 107 7.12.39· 12 FO 371/24884 Hoare letter 8.12.39 R/421/1021. 13 Sir Fitzroy Maclean, Bt, later Head of British Mission to Marshal Tito. 14 FO 371/24884 Maclean minute 24.12.39 R/421/100. 15 FO 371/24884 Collier minute 26.12.39. 16 FO 371/24835 Maclean paper 2.2.40 N2736/G. 17 FO 371/24886 Halifax despatch to Knatchbull-Hugessen 14.2.40. 18 FO 371/24887 Knatchbull-Hugessen letter to Nichols 7·3·40. 19 CAB 65 W.M. 76 (40) 27.3-40. 20 FO 371/24887 Cadogan minute 26.3.40. 21 CAB 65 W.M. 76 (4o) 27·3·40. 22 Ibid. 23 FO 371/24888 Meeting of Heads of Missions (South-East Europe) 8+4o R/3367/G/93· 24 FO 371/42845 Moscow 865 13.10.40. 25 Nazi-Soviet Relations, pp. 209-10. 26 FO 371/24844 Moscow 312 DIPP 14.6.40, Moscow 334 DIPP 15.6.40.