Ab Imperio, 4/2003 òåìà ãîäà 2003 annual theme: Ãðàíè è ãðàíèöû èìïåðèè Imperial Borders and Liminalities Ñîäåðæàíèå Contents ÃÐÀÍÈÖÛ ÌÀÐÃÈÍÀËÜÍÎÑÒÈ: ÅÂÐÅÈ ÈÍÎÐÎÄÖÛ ÊÎÍÒÈÍÅÍÒÀËÜÍÛÕ ÈÌÏÅÐÈÉ THE LIMITS OF MARGINALITY: JEWS AS “INORODTSY” IN CONTINENTAL EMPIRES Ìåòîäîëîãèÿ è òåîðèÿ I. Methodology and Theory 8 Îò ðåäàêöèè Åâðåè èìïåðñêàÿ íàöèÿ? 9 From the Editors Jews as an “Imperial Nation”? 15 Áåíäæàìèí Íàòàíñ Ðóññêî-åâðåéñêàÿ âñòðå÷à 21 Benjamin Nathans The Russian-Jewish Encounter John D. Klier Why Were Russian Jews Not Kaisertreu? 41 Äæîí Êëèåð Ïî÷åìó ðîññèéñêèå åâðåè íå áûëè Kaisertreu? Òðóäå Ìàóðåð Çàïàäíûå åâðåè? Âîñòî÷íûå åâðåè? Àêêóëüòóðà- öèÿ êàê ïàðàäèãìà ñðàâíèòåëüíîé èñòîðèè åâðååâ â Ãåðìàíèè è Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïå 59 Trude Maurer Western Jews? Eastern Jews? Acculturation as a Paradigm of Com- parative Jewish History in Germany and Eastern Europe 3 Ñîäåðæàíèå/Contents Èñòîðèÿ II. History 92 ÎÁÐÀÇ ÈÌÏÅÐÑÊÎÃÎ ÅÂÐÅß IMAGINING THE IMPERIAL JEW Çèòà Ìåäèøàóñêåíå Îòòàëêèâàþùèé, íî áåç íåãî íå îáîéòèñü: åâðåé êàê alter ego ëèòîâñêîãî äâîðÿíèíà ñåðåäèíû XIX â. 93 Zita Medišauskiene“Repulsive, Yet Indispensable:” The Jew as an Alter Ego of the Lithuanian Nobleman in the Mid-Nineteenth Century Âëàäèìèð Ðàáèíîâè÷ Åâðåé èëè ñèáèðÿê? 115 Vladimir Rabinovich Jewish or Siberian? Anke Hilbrenner Simon Dubnov’s Master Narrative and the Construc- tion of Jewish Collective Memory in the Russian Empire 143 Àíêå Õèëáðåííåð Ìàñòåð-íàððàòèâ Ñåìåíà Äóáíîâà è êîíñòðóèðîâàíèå åâðåéñêîé êîëëåêòèâíîé ïàìÿòè â ðîññèéñêîé èìïåðèè Jeffrey Veidlinger The Historical and Ethnographic Construction of Russian Jewry 165 Äæåôôðè Âåéäëèíãåð Èñòîðè÷åñêîå è ýòíîãðàôè÷åñêîå êîíñòðóèðîâàíèå ðîññèéñêîãî åâðåéñòâà ÈÌÏÅÐÑÊÈÉ ÃÎÐÎÄ ÊÀÊ ËÎÊÓÑ ÅÂÐÅÉÑÊÎÉ ÈÑÒÎÐÈÈ THE IMPERIAL CITY AS A LOCUS OF JEWISH HISTORY Íàòàí Ìåèð Ìíîãîëèêîñòü åâðåéñêîé áëàãîòâîðèòåëüíîñòè â Êèåâå, 1859-1914 ãã. 185 Natan Meir Varieties of Jewish Philanthropy Among Kiev Jewry, 1859-1914 Gerald Surh The Jews of Ekaterinoslav in 1905 as Seen from Town Hall: Ethnic Relations on an Imperial Frontier 217 Äæåðàëüä Ñóð Âçãëÿä íà åâðååâ Åêàòåðèíîñëàâà â 1905 ã. èç Ãîðîäñêîé Äóìû: ìåæýòíè÷åñêèå îòíîøåíèÿ íà ãðàíèöå èìïåðèè Äýâèä Âóëüô Åâðåè Ìàí÷æóðèè: Õàðáèí, 1903-1914 ãã. 239 David Wolff The Jews of Manchuria: Harbin, 1903-1914 ÈÌÏÅÐÈß ÓÏÐÀÂËßÅÒ ÑÂÎÈÌÈ ÅÂÐÅßÌÈ: ÏÀÐÀÄÎÊÑÛ ÈÌÏÅÐÑÊÎÉ ÅÂÐÅÉÑÊÎÉ ÏÎËÈÒÈÊÈ THE EMPIRE GOVERNS ITS JEWS: PARADOXES OF IMPERIAL JEWISH POLITICS Eugene M. Avrutin The Power of Documentation: Vital Statistics and Jewish Accommodation in Tsarist Russia 271 4 Ab Imperio, 4/2003 Þäæèí Àâðóòèí Âëàñòü äîêóìåíòà: äåìîãðàôè÷åñêàÿ ñòàòèñòèêà è îáóñ- òðîéñòâî åâðååâ â öàðñêîé Ðîññèè Àëüáåðò Êàãàíîâè÷ Ðîññèÿ àáñîðáèðóåò ñâîèõ åâðååâ: èìïåðñ- êàÿ êîëîíèçàöèÿ, åâðåéñêàÿ ïîëèòèêà è áóõàðñêèå åâðåè 301 Albert Kaganovich Russia “Absorbs” its Jews: Imperial Colonization, Jewish Politics, and the Bukhara Jews ÅÂÐÅÉÑÊÀß ÏÎËÈÒÈÊÀ, ÈÌÏÅÐÑÊÎÅ ÍÀÑËÅÄÈÅ È ÈÄÅÀË ÍÀÖÈÎÍÀËÜÍÎÃÎ ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÀ JEWISH POLITICS, IMPERIAL LEGACIES, AND THE IDEAL OF NATION-STATE Çèâà Ãàëèëè Ñîâåòñêèé îïûò ñèîíèçìà: ýêñïîðò ñîâåòñêîé ïîëèòè÷åñêîé êóëüòóðû â Ïàëåñòèíó 329 Ziva Galili The Soviet Experience of Zionism: Importing Soviet Political Culture to Palestine David Shneer Having It Both Ways: Jewish Nation Building and Jewish Assimilation in the Soviet Empire 377 Äýâèä Øíèèð È òàê, è ýäàê: åâðåéñêîå íàöèåñòðîèòåëüñòâî è åâðåéñêàÿ àññèìèëÿöèÿ â ñîâåòñêîé èìïåðèè Àðõèâ III. Archive 394 Èðèíà Ñåðãååâà Õîæäåíèå â åâðåéñêèé íàðîä: ýòíîãðàôè÷åñ- êèå ýêñïåäèöèè Ñåìåíà Àí-ñêîãî â äîêóìåíòàõ 395 Irina Sergeeva “Going to the Jewish People”: The Ethnographic Expeditions of Semen An-skii in Documents Ïåðåïèñêà áàðîíà Ãèíöáóðãà è Ñ. Àí-ñêîãî ïî ïîâîäó ýòíîãðàôè- ÷åñêèõ ýêñïåäèöèé â ÷åðòå åâðåéñêîé îñåäëîñòè 429 The Correspondence between Baron Gintsburg and S. An-skii on the Ethnographic Expeditions in the Pale of Jewish Settlement Ñîöèîëîãèÿ, ýòíîëîãèÿ, IV. Sociology, Ethnology, 474 ïîëèòîëîãèÿ Political Science Íàòàëüÿ Þõí¸âà Ðóññêèå åâðåè êàê íîâûé ñóáýòíîñ 475 Natalia Iukhneva Russian Jews as a New Subethnos Åëåíà Íîñåíêî Ðóññêèå åâðåè: ðåàëüíîå èëè èçîáðåòåííîå ñîîáùåñòâî? 497 Elena Nosenko “Russian Jews”: A “Real” or “Invented” Community? 5 Ñîäåðæàíèå/Contents ÀÂÑ: Èññëåäîâàíèÿ èìïåðèè V. ABC: Empire & Nationalism 518 è íàöèîíàëèçìà Studies Yohanan Petrovsky-Shtern Reconceptualizing the Alien: Jews in Modern Ukrainian Thought 519 Éîõàíàí Ïåòðîâñêèé-Øòåðí Ïåðåîñìûñëèâàÿ ÷óæàêà: åâðåè â ñîâðåìåííîé óêðàèíñêîé ìûñëè Ðåöåíçèè è áèáëèîãðàôèÿ VII. Book Reviews 581 Èñòîðèîãðàôèÿ 1. Historiography 581 Äåíèñ Èîôôå Åâðåéñòâî è Ðóñü íà rendez vous ìåæýòíè÷åñêîãî ïîëèòåèçìà: î íåêîòîðûõ ïðèìå÷àòåëüíûõ êàçóñàõ ñîâðåìåííîé èñòîðèîãðàôèè åâðåéñêîãî âîïðîñà (íà ìàòåðèàëå ðàííåñðåäíå- âåêîâîé Ðóñè) 581 Dennis Eoffe The Jewry and Rus’ in a Rendez Vous of Interethnic Polytheism: Some Peculiar Examples of the Contemporary Historiography of the “Jewish Ques- tion” (on the Material of Early Medieval Russia) Alexander Pereswetoff-Morath “Simulacra of Hatred”: On the Occa- sion of an Historiographical Essay by Mr. Dennis Eoffe 603 Àëåêñàíäð Ïåðåñâåòîâ-Ìóðàò Ñèìóëÿêð íåíàâèñòè: ïî ñëó÷àþ èñòîðèîã- ðàôè÷åñêîãî ýññå ãîñïîäèíà Äåíèñà Èîôôå Äåíèñ Èîôôå Ïîñëåñëîâèå ê äèñêóññèè 651 Dennis Eoffe A Postscript to the Discussion Âëàäèìèð Ïåòðóõèí Ê äèñêóññèè î åâðåÿõ â äðåâíåé Ðóñè: íàöèî- íàëüíûé ðîìàíòèçì è óëûáêà ÷åøèðñêîãî êîòà 653 Vladimir Petrukhin On the Discussion about the Jews in Ancient Russia: National Romanticism and “the Cheshire Cat’s Grin” Ðåöåíçèè 2. Reviews 659 Éîõàíàí Ïåòðîâñêèé-Øòåðí. Åâðåè â ðóññêîé àðìèè: 1827-1914. Ìîñêâà: Íîâîå ëèòåðàòóðíîå îáîçðåíèå, 2003. 555 ñ. Ïðåäìåòíûé, ãåîãðàôè÷åñêèé, èìåííîé óêàçàòåëü. ISBN: 5-86793-202-8. Aëåêñàíäð Ëîêøèí 659 Jewish Life in Lithuania. Exhibition catalogue (The Vilna Gaon Jew- ish State Museum; The Lithuanian Institute of History; The Center for Civic Initiatives; The Textbook Research and Information Centre for 6 Ab Imperio, 4/2003 Baltic Countries; The Verein Gedenkdienst, Vienna/Vilnius; The Anna Frank House, Amsterdam) / Compiled: Rûta Puišytë, Darius Staliû- nas. Kaunas, 2001. 222 p. Photographs; in English, Lithuanian. ISBN: 9986-34-090-X. Alla Myzelev 667 Robert H. Wiebe, Who We Are, A History of Popular Nationalism (Prin- ceton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002). 268 pp. Bibliography, Index. ISBN: 0-691-09023-8. Robert Stacy 674 Íàøè àâòîðû 679 List of Contributors 681 Miscellaneous 683 Ab Imperio 2004: Call for Papers 689 Êíèãè íà ðåöåíçèþ / Books for Reviews 691 7 Ab Imperio, 4/2003 ÎÒ ÐÅÄÀÊÖÈÈ ÅÂÐÅÈ ÈÌÏÅÐÑÊÀß ÍÀÖÈß? Íàñòîÿùèé íîìåð çàâåðøàåò î÷åðåäíóþ ãîäîâóþ òåìó Ab Imperio Ãðàíè è ãðàíèöû èìïåðèè è íàöèè, â ðàìêàõ êîòîðîé ìû àíàëèçèðî- âàëè âîçìîæíîñòè êîíöåïòà ãðàíèöû êàê îäíîãî èç ìåòàíàððàòèâîâ îñìûñëåíèÿ èìïåðñêîãî è íàöèîíàëüíîãî îïûòà. Ìû èçó÷àëè ñîñòîÿ- íèÿ ïåðåõîäà ïîëèòè÷åñêèõ, ýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ è ñèìâîëè÷åñêèõ ãðàíèö âíóòðè è âîâíå íàöèîíàëüíûõ è ìíîãîíàöèîíàëüíûõ ñîîáùåñòâ, êà- íàëû òðàíñëÿöèè ñïåöèôè÷åñêîãî èìïåðñêîãî èëè íàöèîíàëüíîãî îïû- òà â íîâûå êîíòåêñòû. Ìû èñêàëè öåíòð, ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê êîòîðîìó ïðîâîäÿòñÿ âñå ýòè ðàçíîîáðàçíûå ãðàíèöû. Íà ðîëü òàêîãî öåíòðà â óñëîâèÿõ Ðîññèéñêîé è îò÷àñòè ñîâåòñêîé èìïåðèé ïðåòåíäîâàë ðóñ- ñêèé íàöèîíàëèçì, îñìûñëåíèþ êîòîðîãî ìû ïîñâÿòèëè îòäåëüíûé íîìåð. Íàêîíåö, ìû çàäàëèñü âîïðîñîì î ïðåäåëàõ ìàðãèíàëüíîñòè, ò.å. î ñèòóàöèè, â êîòîðîé ïîãðàíè÷íîñòü, íàõîæäåíèå íà ãðàíèöå åâ- ðîïåéñêîé öèâèëèçàöèè (íåñìîòðÿ íà ìíîãîâåêîâîå ïðèñóòñòâèå íà êîíòèíåíòå è ðåàëüíóþ âêëþ÷åííîñòü â åãî ýêîíîìèêó, êóëüòóðó è ïî- ëèòèêó) ñòàíîâèòñÿ ñóùíîñòíîé õàðàêòåðèñòèêîé íàðîäà, ÷üÿ èñòîðèÿ íåîòäåëèìà îò èñòîðèè åâðîïåéñêèõ èìïåðèé. Èòàê, òåìà íàñòîÿùåãî íîìåðà: Ïðåäåëû ìàðãèíàëüíîñòè åâðåè êàê èíîðîäöû êîíòèíåí- òàëüíûõ èìïåðèé. Ðàáî÷àÿ êîíöåïöèÿ, îáúåäèíÿþùàÿ ìàòåðèàëû äàííîãî íîìåðà, ñî- ñòîèò â òîì, ÷òî åâðååâ íåîáõîäèìî ïåðåîñìûñëèòü êàê èìïåðñêóþ 9 Îò Ðåäàêöèè, Åâðåè èìïåðñêàÿ íàöèÿ? íàöèþ. Ñàì òåðìèí ìîæåò, íà ïåðâûé âçãëÿä, ïîêàçàòüñÿ ñïîðíûì. Ìû ââîäèì åãî äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ñëîæíîé ãàììû âçàèìîîòíîøåíèé ìåæäó åâðåéñêèì íàñåëåíèåì è èìïåðèåé.  êà÷åñòâå èìïåðñêîé íà- öèè åâðåè ðåàëèçîâûâàëè è îäíîâðåìåííî ïðåîäîëåâàëè ñîáñòâåí- íóþ ìàðãèíàëüíîñòü è êîãäà èìïåðèÿ âûòåñíÿëà èõ íà ãðàíèöó îá- ùåãî þðèäè÷åñêîãî, ñîöèàëüíîãî, ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî è ïîëèòè÷åñêîãî ïîëÿ, è êîãäà åâðåè èäåíòèôèöèðîâàëè ñåáÿ ñ ïåðåæèâàþùèì êðèçèñ èìïåðñêèì ðåæèìîì â ðàñïàäàþùåéñÿ ïîä äåéñòâèåì öåíòðîáåæíûõ íàöèîíàëüíûõ ïðîåêòîâ èìïåðèè, è êîãäà îíè ïûòàëèñü èíòåãðèðî- âàòüñÿ â ðàçëè÷íûå ñåãìåíòû èìïåðñêîãî îáùåñòâà. Òåì íå ìåíåå, íå- ñìîòðÿ íà òî, ÷òî èìåííî åâðîïåéñêèå êîíòèíåíòàëüíûå èìïåðèè îá- ëàäàëè ñàìûì áîëüøèì åâðåéñêèì íàñåëåíèåì, ðîëü åâðååâ êàê èì- ïåðñêîé íàöèè èçó÷åíà ãîðàçäî ìåíüøå, ÷åì èõ ðîëü â èñòîðèè ðàç- ëè÷íûõ åâðîïåéñêèõ íàöèîíàëèçìîâ.  êà÷åñòâå îáÿçàòåëüíîãî Èíîãî, íåïåðåâàðèâàåìîãî èíîñòðàí- íîãî ýëåìåíòà, åâðåè âîïëîùàëè âñå òî, ÷åì åâðîïåéöû â ðàç- íûå âðåìåíà è â ðàçíûõ ìåñòàõ ïî èõ ñîáñòâåííîìó îùóùåíèþ íå áûëè. Åâðåè ýôôåêòèâíî èãðàëè ýòó ðîëü, ïîñêîëüêó ìîãëè îäíîâðåìåííî âîïëîùàòü äâå ïðîòèâîïîëîæíîñòè: ïðîãðåññ è òðàäèöèþ, ðåâîëþöèþ è êàïèòàë, Çàïàä è Âîñòîê, ïîõîòëèâîñòü è ïàòðèàðõàëüíîñòü. Ýòà ñèñòåìà ðàññìàòðèâàåò Åâðåÿ êàê ïóñ- òîé çíàê åäèíñòâåííûé íåïðåäñêàçóåìûé è íåãàòèâíûé ôàêòîð, äåéñòâóþùèé â îòíîñèòåëüíî ñòàáèëüíîì óíèâåðñóìå.1  òàêóþ åìêóþ ôîðìóëó Ãàáðèýëà Ñàôðàí ñâåëà îïûò èçó÷åíèÿ åâðîïåéñêîãî åâðåéñòâà ýïîõè íàöèé è íàöèîíàëèçìà ïóñòîé çíàê, êîòîðûé çàïîëíÿåòñÿ ñìûñëàìè (èõ ãåíåðèðóþò è ðàçëè÷íûå ãðóïïû âíóòðè ñàìîãî åâðåéñòâà) â ñèòóàöèè, êîãäà íàöèÿ ïûòàåòñÿ ïðîâåñòè ñîáñòâåííûå ãðàíèöû è íóæäàåòñÿ â Èíîì êàê â íàãëÿäíîì