FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE & V. CHRISTIANTO NEUTROSOPHIC LOGIC, WAVE MECHANICS, AND OTHER STORIES SELECTED WORKS 2005-2008 FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE & V. CHRISTIANTO NEUTROSOPHIC LOGIC, WAVE MECHANICS, AND OTHER STORIES SELECTED WORKS 2005-2008 KOGAÏON ÉDITIONS, 2009 1 The front cover image represents the first author at a conference in Indonesia in 2006 showing the journals "Progress in Physics" and "Infinite Energy". KOGAÏON ÉDITIONS, 2009 Division of CASA GROUP OF COMPANIES SRL ,Κcoala Her۷str۷u street, code 014153 ,62 Bucharest - Romania, Europe Website: www.kogaion-editions.com e-mail: [email protected] Tél./fax: 0040-21-317.01.14 Copyright 2009 by Kogaïon Éditions and the Authors. Plenty of ebooks can be downloaded from the following Science Digital Library: http://www.gallup.unm.edu/~smarandache/eBooks-otherformats.htm Peer Reviewers: (a) Dr. M. Khoshnevisan -- School of Accounting and Finance, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 9726, Australia (b) Mark Alford, AFRL/RIEA, 525 Brooks Road, Rome, NY 13441-4503, USA (c) Alok Dhital, Math & Sciences Dept., University of New Mexico, Gallup, NM 87301, USA (ISBN-13): 978-973-7609-31-1 (EAN): 9789737609311 Published in Romania 2 FOREWORD There is beginning for anything; we used to hear that phrase. The same wisdom word applies to us too. What began in 2005 as a short email on some ideas related to interpretation of the Wave Mechanics results in a number of papers and books up to now. Some of these papers can be found in Progress in Physics or elsewhere. It is often recognized that when a mathematician meets a physics-inclined mind then the result is either a series of endless debates or publication. In our story, we prefer to publish rather than perish. Therefore, our purpose with this book is to present a selection of published papers in a compilation which enable the readers to find some coherent ideas which appear in those articles. For this reason, the ordering of the papers here is based on categories of ideas. While some of these articles have been published in book format elsewhere, we hope that reading this book will give the readers an impression of the progress of our thoughts. A few other papers are not yet published elsewhere, or being planned to publish in other journal. We wish to extend our sincere gratitude to plenty of colleagues, friends and relatives all around the world for sharing their ideas, insightful discussions etc. Special thanks to D. Rabounski, S. Crothers, L. Borissova for their great service in Progress in Physics journal. One of these authors (VC) would like to thank to Profs. A. Yefremov and M. Fil’chenkov for all hospitality extended to him in the Institute of Gravitation and Cosmology of PFUR, where this book is prepared. Discussions with Prof. V.V. Kassandrov, Prof. V. Ivashchuk, & Prof. Yu P. Rybakov are appreciated. Many thanks also to Dr. S. Trihandaru and others from UKSW, Central 3 Java,Indonesia. Sincere thanks to good friends in PFUR, especially to D. Kermite, Y. Umniyati, Anastasia Golubtsova & Serguey– all other friends are of course worth mentioning here, but the margin of this book is quite limited to mention all of you. And to all other scientist colleagues, allow us to say: Full speed ahead! FS & VC, March 2009 4 NEUTROSOPHIC LOGIC, WAVE MECHANICS, AND OTHER STORIES: SELECTED WORKS 2005-2008 CONTENT Foreword 3 Content 5 A. Unmatter and the Elementary Particles 1. “A new form of Matter-Unmatter, composed of Particles and Anti- Particles,” – F. Smarandache (PIP, Vol. 1, 2005) 8 2. “Verifying Unmatter by Experiments, More types of Unmatter, and a Quantum Chromodynamics formula,” – F. Smarandache (PIP, Vol. 2, 2005) 11 3. “Unmatter Entities inside Nuclei, predicted by the Brightsen Nucleon Cluster Model,” – F. Smarandache & D. Rabounski (PIP, Vol. 1, 2006) 15 4. “On Emergent Physics, Unparticles and Exotic Unmatter States,” – E. Goldfain & F. Smarandache, (PIP Vol. 4, 2008) 20 5. “Thirty Unsolved problems in the physics of elementary particles,” - V. Christianto & F. Smarandache (PIP Vol.4, 2007) 26 B. Entanglement, Neutrosophic Logic, and applications 6. “There is no speed barrier for a wave phase nor for Entangled Particles,” – F. Smarandache (PIP, Vol. 1, 2005) 29 7. “Entangled states and Quantum Causality Threshold in the General Theory of Relativity,” – D. Rabounski, L. Borissova, & F. Smarandache (PIP, Vol. 2, 2005) 31 8. “Quantum Quasi-Paradoxes and Quantum Sorites Paradox,” – F. Smarandache (PIP, Vol. 1, 2005) 38 9. “The Neutrosophic Logic view to Schrödinger’s cat paradox,” – F. Smarandache & V. Christianto (PIP, Vol. 2, 2006) 40 10. “The Neutrosophic Logic view to Schrödinger’s cat paradox, Revisited,” – V. Christianto & F. Smarandache (PIP, Vol. 3, 2008) 45 11. “A note on Geometric and Information Fusion Interpretation of Bell’s theorem and Quantum Measurement,”– F. Smarandache & V. Christianto (PIP, Vol. 4, 2006) 50 5 12. “Extension of Inagaki General Weighted Operators and a new fusion Rule Class,”– F. Smarandache (June 2008) 55 13. “n-ary Fuzzy Logic and Neutrosophic Logic Operators,”– F. Smarandache & V. Christianto (Octogon, to appear 2009) 59 C. Wave Mechanics, Gravitation and Quantization in Astrophysics 14. “Schrödinger equation and the Quantization of Celestial systems,”– F. Smarandache & V. Christianto (PIP, Vol. 2, 2006) 74 15. “Plausible explanation of quantization of intrinsic redshift from Hall effect and Weyl Quantization,”– F. Smarandache & V. Christianto (PIP, Vol. 4, 2006) 79 16. “Numerical Solution of Time-dependent Gravitational Schrödinger equation,”– V. Christianto & F. Smarandache (PIP, Vol. 2, 2007) 83 17. “Kaluza-Klein-Carmeli metric from Quaternion-Clifford-space, Lorentz’s force and some observables,”– V. Christianto & F. Smarandache (PIP, Vol. 2, 2008) 88 18. “A note of Extended Proca equations and Superconductivity,”– V. Christianto & F. Smarandache (PIP, Vol. 1, 2009) 95 D. Other topics: Quaternion space and their applications 19. “Less mundane explanation of Pioneer anomaly from Q- relativity,”– F. Smarandache & V. Christianto (PIP, Vol. 1, 2007) 99 20. “Notes on Pioneer anomaly acceleration by Satellite-Shift formula of Quaternion Relativity,”– A.P. Yefremov (PIP, Vol. 2, 2007) 103 21. “Reply to Notes on Pioneer anomaly acceleration by Satellite-Shift formula of Quaternion Relativity,”–V. Christianto & F. Smarandache (PIP, Vol. 3, 2007) 107 22. “Yang-Mills field from Quaternion Space Geometry, and its Klein- Gordon representation,” – A.P. Yefremov, F. Smarandache , V. Christianto (PIP, Vol. 4, 2007) 110 23. “Numerical solution of biquaternion Klein-Gordon equation,”–V. Christianto & F. Smarandache (PIP, Vol. 1, 2008) 119 24. “On PT-symmetric periodic potential, Quark Confinement,” –V. Christianto & F. Smarandache (PIP, Vol. 1, 2009) 121 Pictures at an exhibition (2006) 124 6 FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE & V. CHRISTIANTO NEUTROSOPHIC LOGIC, WAVE MECHANICS, AND OTHER STORIES SELECTED WORKS 2005-2008 7 April, 2005 PROGRESS IN PHYSICS Volume 1 A New Form of Matter — Unmatter, Composed of Particles and Anti-Particles Florentin Smarandache Dept. of Mathematics, University of New Mexico, 200 College Road, Gallup, NM 87301, USA E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Besides matter and antimatter there must exist unmatter (as a new form of matter) in accordance with the neutrosophy theory that between an entity <A> and its opposite <AntiA> there exist intermediate entities <NeutA>. Unmatter is neither matter nor antimatter, but something in between. An atom of unmatter is formed either by (1): electrons, protons, and antineutrons, or by (2): antielectrons, antiprotons, and neutrons. At CERN it will be possible to test the production of unmatter. The existence of unmatter in the universe has a similar chance to that of the antimatter, and its production also difficult for present technologies. 1 Introduction Etymologically “un-matter” comes from [ME <OE, akin to Gr. an-, a-, Latin in-, and to the negative elements in no, This article is an improved version of an old manuscript [1]. not, nor] and [ME matiere` < OFr < Latin material] matter This is a theoretical assumption about the possible existence (see [3]), signifying no/without/off the matter. of a new form of matter. Up to day the unmatter was not There are two types of unmatter atoms, that we call checked in the lab. unatoms: According to the neutrosophy theory in philosophy [2], u1. The first type is derived from matter; and a such between an entity <A> and its opposite <AntiA> there exist unmatter atom is formed by electrons, protons, and intermediate entities <NeutA> which are neither <A> nor antineutrons; <AntiA>. u2. The second type is derived from antimatter, and a such Thus, between “matter” and “antimatter” there must exist unmatter atom is formed by antielectrons, antiprotons, something which is neither matter nor antimatter, let’s call it and neutrons. UNMATTER. In neutrosophy, <NonA> is what is not <A>, i. e. One unmatter type is oppositely charged with respect to <NonA> = <AntiA> ∪ <NeutA>. Then, in physics, NON- the other, so when they meet they annihilate. MATTER is what is not matter, i. e. nonmatter means anti- The unmatter nucleus, called unnucleus, is formed either matter together with unmatter. by protons and antineutrons in the first type, or by antiprotons and neutrons in the second type. The charge of unmatter should be neutral, as that of 2 Classification matter or antimatter. The charge of un-isotopes will also be neutral, as that A. Matter is made out of electrons, protons, and neutrons. of isotopes and anti-isotopes. But, if we are interested in a Each matter atom has electrons, protons, and neutrons, negative or positive charge of un-matter, we can consider except the atom of ordinary hydrogen which has no neutron. an un-ion. For example an anion is negative, then its cor- The number of electrons is equal to the number of pro- responding unmatter of type 1 will also be negative. While tons, and thus the matter atom is neutral. taking a cation, which is positive, its corresponding unmatter of type 1 will also be positive.