ORISSA REVIEW VOL. LXI NO. 12 JULY 2005 DIGAMBAR MOHANTY, I.A.S. Commissioner-cum-Secretary BAISHNAB PRASAD MOHANTY Director-cum-Joint Secretary SASANKA SEKHAR PANDA Joint Director-cum-Deputy Secretary Editor BIBEKANANDA BISWAL Associate Editor Sadhana Mishra Editorial Assistance Manas R. Nayak Cover Design & Illustration Hemanta Kumar Sahoo Manoj Kumar Patro D.T.P. & Design The Orissa Review aims at disseminating knowledge and information concerning Orissa’s socio-economic development, art and culture. Views, records, statistics and information published in the Orissa Review are not necessarily those of the Government of Orissa. Published by Information & Public Relations Department, Government of Orissa, Bhubaneswar - 751001 and Printed at Orissa Government Press, Cuttack - 753010. For subscription and trade inquiry, please contact : Manager, Publications, Information & Public Relations Department, Loksampark Bhawan, Bhubaneswar - 751001. E-mail : [email protected] Five Rupees / Copy Visit : www.orissagov.nic.in Fifty Rupees / Yearly Contact : Ph. 0674-2411839 CONTENTS Editorial Landlord Sri Jagannath Mahaprabhu Bije Puri Dr. Chitrasen Pasayat ... 1 Jamesvara Temple at Puri Ratnakar Mohapatra ... 6 Vedic Background of Jagannath Cult Dr. Bidyut Lata Ray ... 15 Orissan Vaisnavism Under Jagannath Cult Dr. Braja Kishore Swain ... 18 Bhakta Kabi Sri Bhakta Charan Das and His Work Somanath Jena ... 23 'Manobodha Chautisa' The Essence of Patriotism in Temple Multiplication - Dr. Braja Kishore Padhi ... 26 Kulada Jagannath Rani Suryamani Patamahadei : An Extraordinary Lady in Puri Temple Administration Prof. Jagannath Mohanty ... 30 Sri Ratnabhandar of Srimandir Dr. Janmejaya Choudhury ... 32 Lord Jagannath of Jaguleipatna Braja Paikray ... 34 Jainism and Buddhism in Jagannath Culture Pabitra Mohan Barik ... 36 Balabhadra Upasana and Tulasi Kshetra Er. Nirakar Mahalik ... 38 The Cult of Lord Jagannath Balabhadra Ghadai ... 45 Beshas of the Puri Triad Sarat Chandra ... 47 Orissan Temple Architecture Dr. Soma Chand ... 49 The Cult of Lord Jagannath Basanta Kumar Das ... 52 Dwadas Yatras of Sri Jagannath Banamali Suar ... 54 The Mathas of Puri Prafulla Pattnaik ... 57 Antiquity of the Holy City Dr. Benudhar Patra ... 61 The Cult of the All-Merciful Lord Durgamadhab Dash ... 65 Jagannath Temple in Mayurbhanj District Pradeep Kumar Gan ... 70 Puri and the Poet Tagore Gurukalyan Mahapatra ... 73 Om : The Eternal Tune Saroj Kumar Panda ... 78 Sudarshan, The King of Wheels Sudarshan Sahoo ... 80 The Chariot of Sri Jagannath Udaya Chandra Mishra ... 83 The Distinct Speciality of Lord Jagannath Dr. Harihar Kanungo ... 84 Vaishnavism in Orissan Inscriptions Bharati Pal ... 89 Jagannath, The Eclectic Lord of the Universe Dr. C.B. Patel ... 92 The Holy Trinity Mahimohan Tripathy ... 95 Lord Jagannath and Kripasindhu Das Er. Raghunath Patra ... 96 Daru Bramha Purusottam as Depicted in 'Sarala Mahabharata' Sachidananda Behera ... 97 Saktism in Purusottama Kshetra Prabhas Kumar Singh ... 99 Ratha Yatra with a Difference Dr. Pabitra Mohan Nayak ... 103 Sri Jagannath Culture in Yogic Ethics Dr. Ramakanta Kar ... 107 Lord Jagannath in the Form of Lord Raghunath and Lord Jadunath Tarakanta Mohanty ... 109 Archaeological Remains within Mathas in Puri Dr. Prafulla Kumar Ratha ... 111 The Cult of Lord Jagannath and Its Impact on Oriya Literature Indu Bhusan Kar ... 116 Goddess Laksmi : The Consort of the Lord Sasanka Sekhar Panda ... 120 SANKHA KSHETRA 1. Balabhadra,Jagannatha, 29. Vaikuntheswara 58. Prahari Hanuman 87. Vilweswara Subhadra & Sudarsan 30. Yagnyaswari 59. Dakhinadwar (S. gate) 88. Siddha Hanuman 2. Khetreswari Vimala 31. Isaneswar 60. Durgamadhava 89. Indradyumna Teertha 3 Mahalaxmi 32. Sitaia Devi 61. Mangaleswari 90. Nilakantheswara 4. Uttar Durga 33. Pakasala 62. Paschimadwar(W. gate) 91. Adinrusingha 5. Bata Mangala 34. Dakhineswara 63. Uttardwar (N. gate) 92. Gundicha Mandapa 6. Garuda Stamva 35. Kundaleswara 64. Sri Lokanath 93. Mausima 7. Bhoga Mandap 36. Ram Chaitanya Temple 65. Rameswara 94. Marchika Devi 8. Kalpabrukhya 37. Baravai Hanuman 66. Kandunursingha 95. Charchika Devi 9. Rohini Kunda 38. Nirmalya Hanuman 67. Kandu Asrama 96. Sodasha Putri 10. Bata Ganesh 39. Alaka Batika 68. Nikumvilabata 97. Narayani 11. Uchsta Ganapati 40. Chakra Narayan 69. Harachandi 98. Angirasrama 12. Sri Saraswati Devi 41. Rameswar 70. Chamundeswari 99. Angirabata 13. Nabagraha 42. Chaturdhama 71. Banadurga 100. Dakhina Kali 14. Konark Suryadev 43. Kanapata Hanuman 72. Basheli 101. Ugreswarashrama 15. Padapadma 44. Niladri Vihari 73. Kapalmochana 102. Swetaganga 16. Yagnyabata 45. Bavabyeswara 74. Manikarnika Teertha 103. Muktisila 17. Angeswar 46. Sialilata 75. Ghatamangala 104. Adisankara Pitha 18. Indranidevi 47. Koili Vaikuntha 76. Vagabati 105. Swargadwara 19. Khetrapala 48. Tapaswi Hanuman 77. Markandeswara 106. Varahi Devi 20. Swana Vairabi 49. Survarnakupa 78. Markandeya Teertha 107. Shyama Kali 21. Mukteswari 50. Ananda Bazar 79. Saptamatruka 108. Bedi Hanuman 22. Chstrakali 51. Devasnana Mandapa 80. Alamba Devi 109. Chakra Teertha 23. Batamarkandeya 52. Meghanada Prachira 81. Atharnala 110. Chakra Narayan 24. Katyayani 53. Singhadwara (E.gate) 82. Makardhwaj Hanuman 111. Mahodadhi Tirtha 25. Gopeewara 54. Aruna Sthamva 83. Vargavi River 112. Jagannatha Ballava 26. Beda Kali 55. Badachhata Math 84. Mukteswara 113. Kashi Biswanatha 27. Pataleswara 56. Chhauni Math 85. Bata Mangala 114. Visweswari 28. Bhubaneswari 57. Pejanala 86. Kapoteswara 115. Narendra Sarovar EDITORIAL Orissa Review Lord Jagannath, Lord Balabhadra and their sister, Subhadra's Ghosa Yatra is a world famous festival. Though it becomes quite difficult to trace the origin of this grand happening, the magnetic force inherent in such rarest human activity attracts devotees from different parts of the world irrespective of caste, creed and religion. Ratha Yatra is the matter of pride and most precious occurrence for all Oriyas. A discerning eye would reveal many hidden aspects of this most enigmatic cult. To protect the institution revolving round the Lord therefore becomes the prime responsibility of the people of Orissa and the Government they have voted for. With this objective in view, the Government of Orissa has already posted a Commissioner rank officer to systematise the administrative functioning of Sri Mandir. Things are being made systematic to facilitate darshan of bhaktas. Internet Technology has paved the way for transmitting the details of Rath Yatra to every nook and corner of India. Orissa Review in its Car Festival issue has gathered many view points concerning the cult of Lord Jagannath. Readers and researchers may find these interesting and useful. Jai Jagannath. Orissa Review * July - 2005 Landlord Sri Jagannath Mahaprabhu Bije Puri Dr. Chitrasen Pasayat During 1997-98, the author was the Tehsildar in- inception been a sacred institution of national charge of Machhkund Tehsil and subsequently importance in which millions of bhaktas Kotpad Tehsil of Koraput district of Orissa. The (devotees) have reposed their faith and belief. author received a letter from the Shri Jagannath They have regarded this living monument as the Temple Office, Puri to identify the lands of Shri epitome of Hindu tradition and culture. Jagannath Mahaprabhu Bije Puri situated in the It is believed that the assets of Lord Tehsil areas. I could not understand how Sri Jagannath as recognized during the British Raj, Jagannath Mahaprabhu Bije Puri would possess comprised of (i) endowments consisting of landed properties in Machhkund and Kotpad assignment of revenue of certain lands by the tehsils which are nearly 650 kms away from Puri. Marathas (ii) certain sayer duties collected on At that time my father-in-law was the District and behalf of the Temple and (iii) Pilgrim tax. In the Session Judge, Puri. In Ratha Yatra-1998, I got year 1809, the East India Company took over the opportunity to visit Puri. I could not meet the the management of the temple estates. then Administrator of the Temple Sri Jayanta Narayan Panda; but I enquired about the matter. Accordingly, the company also took up the Unfortunately, before I could do something I was liability to contribute a fixed sum of money to Sri transferred. What I want to stress here is that Jagannath Temple, Puri for its maintenance. As many people are ignorant of the vast landed important development took place when the properties of Lord Jagannath located in and pilgrim tax was abolished (Act X of 1840) in the outside the state of Orissa. Against this backdrop, year 1840. Thereafter, in 1843, Government present paper attempts to convey some having withdrawn from the management of the meanings. endowments, the same were made over to the Raja of Khurda. The estate called Hazari Mahal The management of Sri Jagannath Temple, yielding an annual revenue of Rs.17,420/- was Puri has all along been the direct concern of also made over to the Raja. successive rulers during the pre-independent period most probably due to its unique social and In 1845, the annual money payments to the religious significance. The preamble to the Sri temple were fixed at Rs.23,321/-. At that time, Jagannath Temple Act 1954 (Orissa Act 11 of the cost of maintenance of police force in and 1955) reiterated the fact that the ancient temple around the Temple was Rs.6,804. So, in the year of Lord Jagannath at Puri has ever since its 1856, this amount was deducted and the net 1 Orissa Review * July - 2005 allowance, otherwise known as Khairat annual payments to