KAHOʻOLAWE ISLAND RESERVE BIOSECURITY IMPLEMENTATION PLAN Little Fire Ant (Wasmannia auropunctata) G. Brilmyer Ship Rat (Rattus rattus) Prepared by LYMAN L. ABBOTT, JAMES C. BRUCH AND PAUL K. HIGASHINO VER. 11 JULY 2018 1 Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Biosecurity Plan Version Date Authors 1 February 15, 2016 Lyman L. Abbott and James C. Bruch 2 March 15, 2016 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 3 May 1, 2016 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 4 August 1, 2016 “ “ “ “ “ and Paul K. Higashino 5 September 15, 2016 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 6 January 15, 2017 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 7 February 10, 2017 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 8 June 1, 2017 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 9 December 1, 2017 “ “ “ “ “ “ ” 10 January 1, 2018 “ “ “ “ “ “ ” 11 July 11, 2018 “ “ “ “ “ “ ” Recommended Citation; Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Biosecurity Implementation Plan, 2018. Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission, 811 Kolu St., Suite 201, Wailuku, HI 96793. Contributors: Lyman L. Abbott1, James C. Bruch1, Paul K. Higashino1, Dean Tokishi1, Chad Hanson2, Pete McClelland3, Forest Starr4 and Kim Starr4 and James Stanford5. 1Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission, 2Island Conservation, 3Pete McClleland Environmental Services, 4Starr Environmental, LLC, 5USFWS, Pacific Islands Fish and Wildife Office. Prepared for: Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission, Hawaiʻi Invasive Species Council, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. Reviewed by: Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission, Island Conservation, and USFWS. Grant Funding: Hawaiʻi Invasive Species Council, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. 2 Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Biosecurity Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 7 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... 8 LIST OF ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................... 9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... 10 I. BIOSECURITY (PROBLEM / NEED) ...................................................................... 11 Need for Biosecurity ................................................................................................... 11 Global and Pacific Island Impacts .............................................................................. 11 Impact to the Hawaiian Islands and Kahoʻolawe ........................................................ 11 KIR Biosecurity Plan Objective and Actions ............................................................... 12 Prevention .................................................................................................................. 12 Detection .................................................................................................................... 13 Response to IAS on Kahoʻolawe and Preventing Re-introductions ............................ 14 Kahoʻolawe Base Camp ............................................................................................. 14 Biosecurity Threats to Kahoʻolawe ............................................................................. 14 Types of Rodents and IAS Plant Seeds ..................................................................... 15 Alien Aquatic Organisms ............................................................................................ 15 II. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ................................................................. 18 Natural History ........................................................................................................... 18 Land Use and Land Owners ...................................................................................... 18 Protect Kahoʻolawe Ohana (PKO) ............................................................................. 20 KIRC Management Support ....................................................................................... 20 Vectors and Pathways ............................................................................................... 20 Kihei Boathouse Property .......................................................................................... 22 Biosecurity Planning Concepts .................................................................................. 24 Hawaii Interagency Biosecurity Plan (HIBP) 2017-2027 ............................................ 26 Hawaiʻi Invasive Species Council (HISC) ................................................................... 27 Cultural Protocols and Ceremonial Offerings ............................................................. 28 Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve (KIR) Biosecurity Advisory Committee ........................... 29 Biosecurity for Parsons-UXB Clearance Project (1998 - 2003) .................................. 30 III. CURRENT OPERATIONS .................................................................................. 31 Volunteer Orientation and Biosecurity Protocols ........................................................ 31 KIRC and PKO Websites ........................................................................................... 31 3 Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Biosecurity Plan Biosecurity Signs ....................................................................................................... 32 Protocol for the Prevention of IAS Introduction .......................................................... 32 Land Based Biosecurity and Standard Operating Protocols ...................................... 33 Recommended Actions .............................................................................................. 34 IAS Rapid Response Kit ............................................................................................ 35 IAS Rapid Response Kit Contents ............................................................................. 36 IAS Encounter Form .................................................................................................. 36 Kihei Boathouse Rodent Control ................................................................................ 36 Kihei Boathouse and Nursery Ant/Arthropod Control ................................................. 38 Ant Bait Treatments for the Kihei Boathouse ............................................................. 38 Bait Treatments .......................................................................................................... 39 Barrier Treatments ..................................................................................................... 39 Co-operative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) .......................................................... 40 Ant Taxa Observed at Kihei Boathouse and Nursery ................................................. 42 IAS Plant Control at the Kihei Property ...................................................................... 44 Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve (KIR) .............................................................................. 46 Standard Operating Protocols for the Transportation of Plants into the KIR .............. 46 Plant Nurseries on Maui ............................................................................................. 46 Transportation of Cultural Material ............................................................................. 47 Integrated Pest Management ..................................................................................... 48 Kihei Nursery ............................................................................................................. 48 Ocean Based Biosecurity ........................................................................................... 50 Virkron® for Hull Fouling and Anchors ....................................................................... 50 Dive Gear ................................................................................................................... 52 Personal Gear ............................................................................................................ 52 Early Morning Inspection Conditions .......................................................................... 52 Contractor Specific Biosecurity .................................................................................. 52 Capital Improvement Project (CIP) ............................................................................ 53 Ala Loa Construction .................................................................................................. 53 IV IAS PRESENT ON KAHOʻOLAWE ........................................................................... 54 Kahoʻolawe Botanical Surveys and Results ............................................................... 54 IAS Observed on the Four Botanical Surveys ............................................................ 55 4 Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Commission Kahoʻolawe Island Reserve Biosecurity Plan Island-wide Eradication of Invasive Mammals ........................................................... 56 Detection on Kahoʻolawe ........................................................................................... 57 Native Fauna on Kahoʻolawe ..................................................................................... 57 Non-native Vertebrates on Kahoʻolawe ...................................................................... 57 List of Terrestrial and Freshwater Invertebrates on Kahoʻolawe ...............................