Arab Republic of Egypt Feasibility Study for Alexandria West Wastewater Treatment Plant Extension and Upgrade Reference code: TA2016022 EG FTF Environmental & Social Impact In association with Munich, Germany Enviro Consult, Cairo, Egypt and INFRA Engineering, Cairo, Egypt September 2018 Final The authors take full responsibility for the contents of this report. The opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect the view of DFID, the European Union or the European Investment Bank © Dorsch International Consultants GmbH in association with EnviroConsult and Infra Engineering Date of issue: 17th September 2018 Final VERSION Prepared: Dr. Tarek Salaheldin / Dr. Dirk Matzke Approved: Keith Brooke Feasibility Study for Alexandria West Wastewater Treatment Plant Extension and ESIA Upgrade Project No.: TA2016022 EG FTF TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents .................................................................................. ii Tables .................................................................................................... v Figures ................................................................................................. vii Abbreviations ..................................................................................... viii 1 Non-technical Summary ............................................................ 10 1.1 Background .................................................................................................. 10 1.2 Legal and Institutional Framework ............................................................... 10 1.3 Public Participation and Stakeholder Engagement ...................................... 10 1.4 Current Alexandria West WWTP Status and Proposed Upgrade ................ 11 1.5 Impact Identification and Assessment .......................................................... 13 1.6 Mitigation Measures and Environmental & Social Management Plan .......... 14 1.7 Final ESIA Requirements ............................................................................. 14 2 Introduction ................................................................................ 16 2.1 Background .................................................................................................. 16 2.2 Objectives of the Alexandria West WWTP Extension and Upgrade Project 16 2.3 Objectives of the ESIA ................................................................................. 17 2.4 Scope and Purpose of the Draft ESIA Report .............................................. 18 2.5 ESIA Approach and Methodology ................................................................ 19 2.5.1 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 19 2.6 Public Participation and Stakeholder Engagement ...................................... 19 3 Project Description including Alternatives .............................. 21 3.1 General ........................................................................................................ 21 3.2 Description of Current Alexandria West WWTP Conditions ......................... 21 3.2.5 Sludge Disposal and Reuse .......................................................................................... 26 3.2.6 Effluent Discharge ......................................................................................................... 27 3.3 Associated Environmental and Social Constraints ....................................... 28 3.4 Wastewater Treatment Technology Alternatives ......................................... 29 3.5 Treated Effluent Reuse Alternatives ............................................................ 34 Dorsch International Consultants GmbH in association with EnviroConsult and Infra Engineering ii Feasibility Study for Alexandria West Wastewater Treatment Plant Extension and ESIA Upgrade Project No.: TA2016022 EG FTF 3.6 Sludge Treatment and Disposal Alternatives ............................................... 35 3.6.1 Sludge Treatment Alternatives ...................................................................................... 35 3.6.2 Sludge Disposal and Reuse .......................................................................................... 35 3.7 Project Significance and ‘No Project’ Alternative Analysis ........................... 37 4 Legal and Institutional Framework ........................................... 38 4.1 Donor Safeguard Requirements and Applicable Standards ......................... 38 4.1.1 EIB Environmental and Social Practices Handbook ...................................................... 38 4.2 Core Labour Standards (CLS) of the International Labour Organisation ..... 39 4.3 Relevant National Legislative and Regulatory Framework ........................... 40 4.3.1 Relevant Egyptian Environmental Legislations ............................................................. 41 4.3.2 Relevant Egyptian Social Legislations .......................................................................... 47 5 Environmental and Social Baseline Conditions ...................... 49 5.1 Physical Environment .................................................................................. 49 5.1.1 Topography .................................................................................................................... 49 5.1.2 Geology ......................................................................................................................... 50 5.1.3 Climate and Meteorology ............................................................................................... 50 5.1.4 Water Resources ........................................................................................................... 51 5.1.5 Air Quality ...................................................................................................................... 52 5.1.6 Noise and Vibration ....................................................................................................... 52 5.1.7 Risks and Hazards within the WWTP Site .................................................................... 52 5.2 Biological Environment ................................................................................ 52 5.2.1 Flora, Fauna, Habitats ................................................................................................... 52 5.2.1 Lake Maryout Ecological System .................................................................................. 53 5.3 Socio-economic Conditions ......................................................................... 53 5.3.1 Population Profile........................................................................................................... 54 5.3.2 General Social ............................................................................................................... 54 5.3.3 Economic Profile Activities and Livelihoods .................................................................. 54 5.3.4 Water Supply Service .................................................................................................... 54 5.3.5 Sanitation Services ........................................................................................................ 54 5.3.6 Infrastructure Services ................................................................................................... 54 5.3.7 Human Health ................................................................................................................ 54 5.3.8 Education ....................................................................................................................... 54 5.3.9 Antiquities and Sites of Cultural and Historical Importance .......................................... 54 6 Outcome of the Public Participation and Stakeholder Engagement Process .......................................................................... 55 6.1 Methodology ................................................................................................ 55 Dorsch International Consultants GmbH in association with EnviroConsult and Infra Engineering iii Feasibility Study for Alexandria West Wastewater Treatment Plant Extension and ESIA Upgrade Project No.: TA2016022 EG FTF 6.2 Organisation of Public Consultation ............................................................. 55 6.3 Major Outcomes........................................................................................... 55 7 Impact Identification and Analysis ........................................... 57 7.1 Impact Significance Assessment ................................................................. 57 7.2 Potential Impacts during WWTP Construction Phase .................................. 58 7.2.1 Physical Environment .................................................................................................... 58 7.2.1.1 Climate and Atmosphere (climate check) ...................................................................... 63 7.2.2 Biological Environment .................................................................................................. 66 7.2.3 Potential Social and Health Impacts .............................................................................. 67 7.3 Potential Impacts during WWTP Operation Phase ...................................... 70 7.3.1 Physical Environment .................................................................................................... 70 7.3.2 Biological Environment .................................................................................................