Funded by the European Union’s Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund ANNUAL REPORT 2019 ON MIGRATION AND ASYLUM POLICIES IN FRANCE Part 2 April 2020 EMN France ANNUAL REPORT 2019 ON MIGRATION AND ASYLUM POLICIES IN FRANCE EMN France EMN France is the French National Contact Point (NCP) of the European Migration Network (EMN) and falls within the General Directorate for Foreign Nationals in France of the Ministry of the Interior. Contacts - Jean-Baptiste Herbet: [email protected] Head of the Department of Statistics, Studies and Documentation - Stéphanie LEMERLE [email protected] Deputy Head of the Department of Statistics, Studies and Documentation - Christelle Caporali-Petit : [email protected] Coordinator of EMN France - Anne-Cécile Jarasse: [email protected] Policy Officer, EMN France - Tamara Buschek-Chauvel : [email protected] Policy Officer, EMN France • Address Point de contact français du Réseau européen des migrations Département des Statistiques, des Études et de la Documentation Direction générale des étrangers en France Ministère de l’Intérieur Place Beauvau 75800 Paris Cedex 08 • Websites - Site of the EMN at European level: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we- do/networks/european_migration_network/index_en.htm (in English) - Site of EMN France: https://www.immigration.interieur.gouv.fr/Europe-et-International/Le-reseau- europeen-des-migrations-REM3/Le-reseau-europeen-des-migrations-REM2 (in French) Page 2 of 102 EMN ANNUAL REPORT ON MIGRATION AND ASYLUM - France 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ 7 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 8 SUMMARY OF CHANGES TO THE NATIONAL MIGRATION AND ASYLUM SYSTEM IN 2019 ........... 9 OVERARCHING CHANGES TO THE NATIONAL MIGRATION AND ASYLUM SYSTEM IN 2019 ....... 12 1 LEGAL MIGRATION ................................................................................................... 14 1.1 Transposition of EU legislation on legal migration ............................................. 14 1.2 Work related migration ............................................................................................ 14 1.2.1. Admission policies of specific categories of third-country nationals ........................... 14 1.2.2. Satisfying labour market needs - admission policies ............................................... 17 1.2.3. ‘Social dumping’ and labour exploitation ............................................................... 17 1.2.4. Circular migration .............................................................................................. 20 1.3 Students and researchers ......................................................................................... 21 1.4 Family reunification and family formation of economic migrants ............................. 23 1.5 Information on routes to and conditions of legal migration ..................................... 23 1.6 Other measures regarding legal migration ............................................................... 23 2 INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION INCLUDING ASYLUM ................................................ 25 2.1 Implementation of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) and related policy developments ........................................................................................................... 25 2.1.1. Changes in legislation, policies and practices ......................................................... 25 2.1.2. Institutional changes in the national asylum system ............................................... 35 2.1.3. Efficiency and Quality of the national asylum system .............................................. 35 2.2 Relocation and resettlement programmes ................................................................ 38 2.2.1 Relocation .......................................................................................................... 38 2.2.2. Resettlement and Humanitarian Admission Programmes ......................................... 39 3 UNACCOMPANIED MINORS AND OTHER VULNERABLE GROUPS ................................ 41 3.1 Unaccompanied minors applying for asylum ............................................................ 41 3.2 Unaccompanied minors recorded within the child-protection system ....................... 41 3.3 Other vulnerable groups applying for asylum ........................................................... 44 3.4 Other vulnerable groups NOT applying for asylum ................................................... 46 4 INTEGRATION .......................................................................................................... 47 4.1 Integration of third-country nationals ...................................................................... 47 4.1.1. Integration through socio-economic participation ................................................... 47 4.1.2. Integration through active participation and social inclusion .................................... 53 4.2 Promoting integration of specific categories of third-country nationals ................... 53 4.3 Promoting integration at local level and cooperation, consultation and coordination of local stakeholders .................................................................................................... 56 4.4 Awareness raising on migration in the hosting (Member) State ............................... 57 Page 3 of 102 EMN ANNUAL REPORT ON MIGRATION AND ASYLUM - France 2019 4.5 Integration measures in the countries of origin and/or involving diaspora communities ............................................................................................................. 58 5. CITIZENSHIP AND STATELESSNESS ......................................................................... 59 5.1. Acquisition of citizenship .......................................................................................... 59 5.2. Statelessness ........................................................................................................... 60 6. BORDERS, VISA AND SCHENGEN .......................................................................................... 61 6.1. Border control measures management ............................................................................. 61 6.2. Activities to improve the effectiveness of controls at the external borders ...................... 65 6.3. Reinforced cooperation with third countries in the area of border management .............. 66 7. IRREGULAR MIGRATION INCLUDING MIGRANT SMUGGLING ................................... 68 7.1. Preventing and tackling of misuse of legal migration channels ................................ 68 7.1.1.Irregular migration as a result of visa liberalization ............................................................................................................... 68 7.1.2.False travel documents ........................................................................................ 70 7.2. The fight against facilitation of irregular migration (‘smuggling’) and prevention of irregular stay ............................................................................................................ 72 7.2.1.Combatting facilitation of irregular migration (smuggling) ................................................................................................................ 72 7.2.2.Cooperation with third countries to prevent irregular migration ...................................................................................................... 74 7.2.3.Monitoring and identifying irregular migration routes .......................................................................................................... 77 8. TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS ............................................................................. 80 8.1. National strategic policy developments .................................................................... 80 8.2. Improving identification and provision of information to third country national victims of human trafficking ................................................................................................. 81 8.2.1.Provision of information on assistance and support to third country national victims ........................................................................................................... 81 8.2.2.Identification of victims of trafficking in human beings ............................................................................................................. 84 8.2.3.Cooperation with third countries ............................................................................................................ 88 9. RETURN AND READMISSION .................................................................................... 90 9.1. Main national developments in the field of return .................................................... 90 9.1.1.Swift, sustainable and effective return ........................................................................................................... 90 9.1.2.Return of rejected asylum seekers ........................................................................................................... 93 9.1.3.Evidence of the effectiveness of the measures to ensure return .............................................................................................................