DIALOGUE DIALOGUE PO Box 1094 Farmington, UT 84025 electronic service requested DIALOGUE a journal of mormon thought 51.3 fall 2018 51.3 EDITORS EDITOR Boyd Jay Petersen, Provo, UT ASSOCIATE EDITOR David W. Scott, Lehi, UT WEB EDITOR Emily W. Jensen, Farmington, UT DIALOGUE FICTION Julie Nichols, Orem, UT a journal of mormon thought POETRY Darlene Young, South Jordan, UT REVIEWS (non-fiction) John Hatch, Salt Lake City, UT REVIEWS (literature) Andrew Hall, Fukuoka, Japan INTERNATIONAL Gina Colvin, Christchurch, New Zealand POLITICAL Russell Arben Fox, Wichita, KS HISTORY Sheree Maxwell Bench, Pleasant Grove, UT SCIENCE Steven Peck, Provo, UT FILM & THEATRE Eric Samuelson, Provo, UT PHILOSOPHY/THEOLOGY Brian Birch, Draper, UT ART Andi Pitcher Davis, Orem, UT IN THE NEXT ISSUE BUSINESS & PRODUCTION STAFF Terryl Givens’s “Heretics in Truth: Love, Faith, BUSINESS MANAGER Emily W. Jensen, Farmington, UT PRODUCTION MANAGER Jenny Webb, Woodinville, WA and Hope as the Foundation for Theology, COPY EDITOR Richelle Wilson, Madison, WI Community, Destiny” INTERNS Nathan Tucker, Orem, UT Christian Van Dyke, Provo, UT Mette Harrison’s “Resurrection” EDITORIAL BOARD Blair Ostler’s “Mother in Heaven” Lavina Fielding Anderson, Salt Lake City, UT Becky Reid Linford, Leesburg, VA Mary L. Bradford, Landsdowne, VA William Morris, Minneapolis, MN Claudia Bushman, New York, NY Michael Nielsen, Statesboro, GA Verlyne Christensen, Calgary, AB Nathan B. Oman, Williamsburg, VA Daniel Dwyer, Albany, NY Taylor Petrey, Kalamazoo, MI Ignacio M. Garcia, Provo, UT Thomas Rogers, Bountiful, UT Brian M. Hauglid, Spanish Fork, UT Mathew Schmalz, Worcester, MA Gregory Jackson, Lehi, UT John Turner, Fairfax, VA G. Kevin Jones, Salt Lake City, UT Blair Van Dyke, Cedar Hills, UT Join our DIALOGUE! BOARD OF DIRECTORS Find us on Facebook at Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought Joanna Brooks, San Diego, CA—chair Russ Moorehead, Brooklyn, NY Follow us on Twitter @DialogueJournal Michael Austin, Newburgh, IN Benjamin E. Park, Huntsville, TX Molly Bennion, Seattle, WA Boyd Petersen, Provo, UT SUBSCRIPTION OPTIONS Fiona Givens, Richmond, VA Brent Rushforth, Washington, DC PRINT: 1 year (4 issues) $50 | international $70 | seniors/students $35 Bob Goldberg, Salt Lake City, UT Karla Stirling, Bountiful, UT ELECTRONIC (PDF): 1 year (4 issues) $25 William Hickman, Lynnwood, WA Travis Stratford, New York, NY DVD ARCHIVE: Volumes 1–44 (1966–2011) in PDF format, $40 Kyle Monson, New York, NY Morris Thurston, Villa Park, CA More titles and special offers available on our website: www.dialoguejournal.com On the cover: Hildebrando de Melo, Two Forces, 2018, 35’’x36’’, acrylic on canvas DIALOGUE a journal of mormon thought is an independent quarterly established to express Mormon culture and to examine the relevance of religion to secular life. It is edited by Latter-day Saints who wish to bring their faith into dialogue with the larger stream of world religious thought and with human experience as a whole and to foster artistic and scholarly achieve- ment based on their cultural heritage. The journal encourages a variety of view- points; although every effort is made to en- sure accurate scholarship and responsible judgment, the views expressed are those of the individual authors and are not neces- sarily those of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints or of the editors. ii Dialogue, Fall 2018 Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought is published quarterly by the Dialogue Foundation. Dialogue has no official connection with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Contents copyrighted by the Dialogue Foundation. ISSN 0012-2157. Dialogue is available in full text in electronic form at www.dialoguejournal.com and is archived by the University of Utah Marriott Library Special Collections, available online at www.lib.utah.edu/portal/site/marriottlibrary. Dialogue is also available on microforms through University Microfilms International, www.umi.com. Dialogue welcomes articles, essays, poetry, notes, fiction, letters to the editor, and art. Submissions should follow the current Chicago Manual of Style. All submissions should be in Word and may be submitted electronically at https://dialoguejournal.com/submissions/. For submissions of visual art, please contact [email protected]. Submissions published in the journal, including letters to the editor, are covered by our publications policy, https://dialoguejournal.com/ submissions/publication-policy/, under which the author retains the copyright of the work and grants Dialogue permission to publish. See www.dialoguejournal.com. EDITORS EMERITI Eugene England and G. Wesley Johnson Robert A. Rees Mary Lythgoe Bradford Linda King Newell and L. Jackson Newell F. Ross Peterson and Mary Kay Peterson Martha Sonntag Bradley and Allen D. Roberts Neal Chandler and Rebecca Worthen Chandler Karen Marguerite Moloney Levi S. Peterson Kristine Haglund Dialogue, Fall 2018 iii CONTENTS ARTICLES AND ESSAYS Looking Back, Looking Forward: Lester E. Bush, Jr. 1 “Mormonism’s Negro Doctrine” Forty-Five Years Later Negotiating Black Self-Hate within Darron T. Smith 29 the LDS Church The Possessive Investment in Rightness: White Joanna Brooks 45 Supremacy and the Mormon Movement Mormons and Lineage: The Complicated Matthew L. Harris 83 History of Blacks and Patriarchal Blessings, 1830–2018 Martin Luther King Jr. and Mormonism: Roy Whitaker 131 Dialogue, Race, and Pluralism One Devout Mormon Family’s Robert Greenwell 155 Struggle with Racism ROUNDTABLE The Preacher, the Labor Leader, the Alice Faulkner Burch 181 Homosexual, and the Jew: The Template for Achieving Great Goals A Balm in Gilead: Reconciling Black Janan Graham-Russell 185 Bodies within a Mormon Imagination When Did You Become Black? Gail Turley Houston 193 Shifting Tides: A Clarion Call for Cameron McCoy 201 Inclusion and Social Justice The Black Cain in White Garments Melodie Jackson 209 INTERVIEW Father-Daughter Interview on Egide Nzojibwami 213 Blacks and the Priesthood Verlyne Christensen Interviewed by Gregory A. Prince POETRY After the Curtain Falls, Isabella Dayna Patterson 237 Speaks in Achromatics iv Dialogue, Fall 2018 Self-Portrait of Mormon Middle Child Dayna Patterson 240 as Isabella The Pioneer Woman, St. George Kevin Klein 242 One Thousand Two Hundred Sixty Days Kathryn Knight Sonntag 244 The Tree at the Center Kathryn Knight Sonntag 245 The Older Covenant Kathryn Knight Sonntag 247 REVIEWS An Essential Conversation Devery S. Anderson 249 Matthew L. Harris and Newell G. Bringhurst, eds. The Mormon Church & Blacks: A Documentary History. Mother, May We? Gail Turley Houston 255 Dove Song: Heavenly Mother in Mormon Poetry. Edited by Tyler Chadwick, Dayna Patterson, and Martin Pulido. Morning Has Broken Karen Marguerite Moloney 259 Robert A. Rees. Waiting for Morning. It’s Lonely at the Top Alison Brimley 264 Ryan Shoemaker. Beyond the Lights. Priesthood Power Gary James Bergera 268 Jonathan A. Stapley. The Power of Godliness: Mormon Liturgy and Cosmology. Welcome Additions Edward Whitley 274 Karen Kelsay. Of Omens that Flitter. Javen Tanner. The God Mask. ART ESSAY Out of Angola Glen Nelson 279 FROM THE PULPIT Creating a Zion Church Molly McLellan Bennion 295 CONTRIBUTORS 303 ARTICLES AND ESSAYS LOOKING BACK, LOOKING FORWARD: “MORMONISM’S NEGRO DOCTRINE” FORTY-FIVE YEARS LATER1 Lester E. Bush, Jr. It has been forty-five years since Dialogue published my essay entitled “Mormonism’s Negro Doctrine: An Historical Overview”2 and forty years since Official Declaration 2 ended the priesthood/temple ban. It seems like a good time to take stock of where we are: what has changed, what has stayed the same, what changes still need to happen, and what steps need to occur to bring about those changes. What’s New The first task—what has changed—is in some ways the easiest, and certainly the most uplifting. Almost everything has changed, and all for the good, beginning with the “priesthood revelation” of 1978. The obvious milestones, aside from the revelation itself, are: • the immediate ordination of Blacks to the priesthood, soon includ- ing the office of high priest, and the resumption of temple ordinances • just twelve years after the revelation, the first Black General Authority was called; recently, two more were called 1. A version of these remarks was originally given as the Sterling M. McMurrin Lecture on Religion and Culture at the University of Utah on October 8, 2015. 2. Lester E. Bush, Jr., “Mormonism’s Negro Doctrine: An Historical Overview,” Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 8, no. 1 (Spring 1973): 11–68. 1 2 Dialogue, Fall 2018 • an inner city proselyting effort began • African American stake presidents were called in the Deep South • the growth of the Black membership from perhaps a few thousand to somewhere over half a million Africa deserves special mention. • in 1980 the Church permanently entered Black Africa through a mission to Nigeria • there now are 26 African missions, not counting three in South Africa • LDS stakes have been established in at least five African countries other than South Africa • LDS temples are operating under African leadership or are under construction in four African countries •Africans from Zimbabwe and Kenya have been called as General Authorities Those developments, individually and collectively, far exceed what I thought possible in 1973 (see appendix). The most conspicuous shortfall is that after thirty-seven years there still is no African American General Authority. Furthermore, the historical work surrounding the issue