INDEX VOLUMES 1 & 2 Index by June Morrison ([email protected]) Note to Index: incontinence refers to urinary incontinence afferent neurons see peripheral nerves (UI) throughout; faecal incontinence is indexed separately. Africa, maternal mortality estimates 1407 African/African origin women, prevalence of UI 268 ageing A anal sphincter resting and squeeze pressures 451—2 bladder changes 392, 1169—71 24—hour frequency, defined 490 electrostimulation 927 24—hour production, defined 490 non-neurogenic detrusor overactivity 429 15D index, economic analysis 83 pelvic floor changes 1171—2 A-delta fibres 377, 406, 409 pelvic floor muscle training 884—5 abdominal leak point pressure (Valsalva) 439, 599—601, 618—19, pelvic organ prolapse 445 1106, 1245 prostate changes 1172—3 abdominal pressure surgery of UI, women 1331—3 animal models 594 UI, frail elderly 1169—73 normal mechanisms of continence 594 UI, men 284 absorbent materials/products 151—253, 160—73 UI, women 272—4 bodyworn 161—3 urethral changes 1171 categories 161—3 vaginal changes 1172 for children 173 see also elderly (incl. frail elderly) classification 161 AHCPR guidelines for surgery 494 clinical studies 237—8 AIDS 1136—7 diapers vs pull-ups 173 Albarran, J 28 diapers/inserts 161—2 alcohol disposable vs reusable 165, 170—1 effects on continence 470, 862 economics 89 intervention in FI 1536—7 light incontinence Aldridge, A 29 men 166—7 alfuzosin women 162—6 evidence/recommendation 819 moderate-heavy incontinence 167—72 neurogenic bladder 1085 disposable bodyworn products 168—9 algorithms 1597—621 disposable underpads 163, 171—2 continence products/devices 154 reusable bodyworn products 170 FI in adults 1524, 1620—21 reusable underpads 163, 171—2 FI in children 1033 FI in frail elderly 1222 pad change frequency and skin health 239 FI products 154 pad usage, defined 490 initial management of UI pouches 163 in children 1598—9 pull-ups 163 in frail elderly 1610—11 reusable absorbent underpads 171—2 in men 1602—3 super-absorbent polymers (SAPs) 236—7 in women 1606—7 types of materials 163 neurogenic UI acarbose 1225 initial management 1612—13 ACET study 824 post placement of AUS 1281 acethylcholine (Ach) release, non-neurogenic detrusor specialized management 1614—15 overactivity 431 nursing professionals, education 47 acetohydroxamic acid 203 painful bladder syndrome (PBS/IC) 1510, 1616—17 acetylcholine 317, 327 pelvic organ prolapse management 1618—19 acetylcholine transferase, vesicular (VAChT) 384 SF6D economic analysis 83 acetylcholinesterase 384 specialized management of UI acidosis, and contraindications to bladder augmentation 1012 in children 1600—601 in men 1604—5 actin 329—30 in women 1608—9 Actinomyces madurae, mycetoma, causing fistula 1266 allied health professionals, education 48—9 activated charcoal, odour control 241 alpha-adrenoceptor agonists/stimulants 322, 401, 470 acupuncture 915—16, 931—2 children 1004 adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide, pituitary (PACAP) 392, 395 Cochrane review 837 adjustable continence therapy (ACT), men 1283—4 evidence/recommendation 819, 837 adrenergic alpha-receptors 322—4 frail elderly 1177 adrenergic beta-receptors 322 in SI 837 adrenergic systems 322—4 vs PFMT 880 1643 alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists 322, 469—70 maximum squeeze pressure 652 frail elderly 1177 resting sphincter pressure 651—2 neurogenic bladder 1085 (transient) internal sphincter relaxations 653 Alzheimer disease 1121—2 vector manometry 652—3 summary/recommendations 1122 anorectal unit 345—51 ambulatory monitoring anal canal, muscle (smooth) 347 anorectal manometry 653 anal endovascular cushions 450 cystometry anal sphincter 449 diagnostic performance 620—6 ageing changes 451—2 and management ecisions 627 anal reflex 691—2 normal values 615 disorders/disruption 771—3 OAB syndrome 625—6 and episiotomy 461 sensitivity/specificity 625 electromyography 654—8 therapeutic performance 627 innervation 348—9, 398, 449—50 urodynamics 604, 607 innervation abnormalities 349—50 aminergic pathways 400 internal, disorders/disruption 771—3 monoaminergic mechanisms 401 MEPs 687—8 amitriptyline muscles 450—2 FI 1545 obstetric trauma 450—1, 455—62 PBS/IC 1545 occult trauma 456—7, 771—3 anal incontinence, vs FI, defined 1523 other trauma 452 anal manometry, children 1029 pacemaker activity 347—8 anal plugs, FI 230—3 repair/sphincteroplasty 457—1, 1568—71 anal/anus see anorectal unit resting and squeeze pressures 448 analgesics 1502 sphincterotomy 1529—30 anandamide 380 surgery and FI 289 anatomic abnormalities 450—3 third/fourth degree tears 457—61 bladder 1009 anorectal manometry, sphincter pressures 650—4 children 507 imaging 656—7 epispadias, exstrophy—epispadias complex 1009, 1258—61 defaecography 656 innervation of anorectal unit 349—50 dynamic MRI 656—7 pelvic and axial skeleton abnormalities 447 imperforate anus, urodynamic investigations 640 recommendations for urodynamic investigations 640—1 innervation 348—9, 449—50 urethral sphincter 1010 abnormalities 349—50 angiogenesis, reconstructive surgery 345 anorectal sensation 453 angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors 470 mega rectum 1031 frail elderly 1177 muscle (smooth) 347 animal models pacemaker activity 347—8 abdominal pressure 594 perception of stool 449—50 bladder function 382—8 rectal accommodation and reservoir function 453 pontine L-region 405 rectal distension 450 bladder inflammation 393 rectal dyschezia 1220 bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) 328 rectal examination cerebellectomy and bladder function 406 children 507 diabetes mellitus, NO-mediated muscle relaxation 319 men 503—4 diaper dermatitis 234 women 499 electromyography 326 rectal irrigation, bowel retraining programmes 1541—2 innervation of urogenital tract, male cat 369 rectal outlet delay 1221 painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis 1472 rectal prolapse/rectocele 448, 498, 771—3, 1390—2, 1394—5 peripheral ganglia 382—8 recommendations 1594 PMC 404 rectal (sensory) sampling 450, 452, 653 anocutaneous reflex (ACR) 508 rectal sensory—motor and sensory activity 655—6 anogenital electrostimulation rectoanal reflexes 653 treatment of child incontinence 401 inhibitory reflexes 346, 450, 653 treatment of neurogenic bladder 1073 sphincter pressures, anorectal manometry 651—4 see also electrostimulation structure and function 449—50 anorectal function testing sensation 688 disease diagnosis, recommendations 1594 antegrade colonic enema (ACE) 1030, 1031, 1109, 1531 frail elderly with FI 1217—18 bowel retraining programmes 1541—2 healthy elderly (incl. frail elderly) 1217 children 1580 tests 511 data 1110 anorectal inhibitory reflex 346, 450, 653 anterior colporrhaphy 1299—300 anorectal malformations 1027, 1266 anterior compartment, grafts 1393 imperforate anus 1531 anterior vaginal wall rectourethral fistulae 1266—74 POP surgery 1388—90 anorectal manometry 650—4 prolapse, defined 497—8 ambulatory 653 antibiotics anorectal pressure gradient 653 catheterised patients 195, 199—201, 210 external sphincter contraction 654 coatings, catheters 196—8 1644 drainage bag care 204, 210 CME 44, 48 indwelling catheterisation 195, 199—201 costs 49 PBS/IC 1501 educational evaluation 44, 48 anticholinergics (antimuscarinics) 818—28 specialist nurse training 46 bladder effects 469, 820 standard setting by nursing professionals 47 children 1002—3 continence organisations 57, 139 frail elderly 1177 economics, women’s prevalent health problems 87 levels of evidence/grades of recommendation 819 FI studies 459 nocturnal enuresis 642, 987 health expenditure as of GDP (1990—2001) 76 properties 820—8 incontinence treatment expenditure estimates 88 antidepressants 470, 833 smoking studies 279 children 987 surgical organisations 139 levels of evidence/grades of recommendation 819 Austria, health expenditure as of GDP (1990—2001) 76 neurogenic bladder—sphincter dysfunction 1083 autoaugmentation 1013, 1062, 1092, 1348 PBS/IC 1499 see also bladder reconstruction/augmentation antidiarrhoeal drugs 1543 autoimmune mechanisms, and PBS/IC 1459 antimuscarinics see anticholinergics autologous grafts see flaps; grafts antiParkinsonian agents 470 autonomic dysreflexia, quality of life issues 228 antiproliferative factor (APF) 374 autonomic innervation in PBS/IC 1459, 1480 peripheral ganglia 382—8 antipsychotics 470 tests 693—4 apical defects 1383—90 autonomic neuropathy apical support procedures faecal incontinence 1100 sacrospinofixation 1381, 1385 and FI 452—3 vaginal surgery for POP 1384, 1386 tests 694 appendicostomy, for ACE procedure in children 1580 average volume voided, defined 490 appendicovesicostomy see Mitrofanoff procedure aquaporins 333 L-arginine, PBS/IC 1500 B arousal training, for nocturnal enuresis 985—6 artificial anal sphincter 1111—14, 1574—6, 1582 Babinski, M 23 data 1113 bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), intravesical therapy 1504 artificial tissue construct for LUT 341—5 baclofen basic requirements 342 evidence/recommendation 819 characterisation of cell function and graft function 343—5 properties 835 current need 341 bacteriuria exstrophy—epispadias complex 1259 catheterisation-associated 190—1, 196 generating nutrient supply for grafts 345 elderly (incl.