Design to Reduce Waste 01/12/19 This Presentation on GBE: Design generates waste • Find this file on GBE website at: • Waste reduction is not a site issue Design to help • https://GreenBuildingEcyclopaedia.uk/?P=412 – It is a Design Issue • Go there for: • It becomes a site issue – the latest update Reduce Waste – versions presented to different audiences – if is was not seen as a Design issue – the whole presentation all of the hidden slides • Join in now or Easy steps to reduce your share – other file formats: of the 120 m tonnes of construction and – D&B takes another % of UK procurement • Handout, Show, PDF, PPTX demolition and excavation waste each year – Links to other related GBE CPD and related GBE content © GBE NGS 2002-2019 DesignToReduceWaste 1 01/12/19 2 © GBE NGS 2002-2019 DesignToReduceWaste 3 Investing in Opportunities www.GreenBuildingEncyclopaedia.uk Chinese Jigsaw Puzzles British Sugar • Arup Associates (Multi discipline • Q How do we get into ceiling void practice) • A For us to know and for you to find out • Peterborough Sugar Beet Factory • Fist through the first and rip the rest out • Office Pavilion • Vowed never to commission Arup again • Suspended ceiling: Bespoke – Quite right. • Designed to take out and reinstall like a – And now use Technicians Chinese jigsaw puzzle © GBE NGS 2002-2019 DesignToReduceWaste 4 © GBE NGS 2002-2019 DesignToReduceWaste 5 © GBE NGS 2002-2019 DesignToReduceWaste 6 SITEwise II Waste Campaign Some easy wins • Environment Agency (Anglian) • Design to standard sizes • Breakfast meetings • Design to reduce off-cut waste • 200+ Pre-construction Professionals • Design for on and off site reuse • Waste is not a key issue • Design for on and off site recycling • Scored 8th out of 12 issues • Design for maintainability, adaptability & flexibility Facts and Figures • Design for deconstruction and reuse • Design spares storage for maintenance • Design for in use waste management 7 © GBE NGS 2002-2019 DesignToReduceWaste 8 9 © GBE NGS Brian Murphy 2002-2019 1 Design to Reduce Waste 01/12/19 Serendipity? Relearn some waste statistics • Design for Easy of Assembly • 410m tonnes/year materials to UK CI • Lends itself to • 120m tonnes/year wasted by UK CI • Design for Deconstruction • 30m tonnes is materials off-cuts • But Architects are not very interested in • 24m tonnes/year (24%) is packaging construction nor deconstruction • 23.7m tonnes/year soil & rock • The RIBA curriculum does not address Waste Facts & Figures • 10m is temporary materials it very well • 10m tonnes/year over ordered never • RIBA external course assessors frown needed £1.5bn/annum (EA 2007) at too much technology 10 11 © GBE NGS 2002-2019 DesignToReduceWaste 12 Materials consumed by UKCI Water Consumption UK CI Re-used materials UK 2007 2015 • 576 Mt Materials • Demolition: 45 tonnes/100m2 • Iron & Steel: 54,000 tonnes • 98 Mt Concrete • Refurb-fit-out: 22 tonnes/100 m2 • Wood: 390,000 tonnes • 9.2 Mt Timber • Mixed: 18 tonnes/100 m2 • Brick: 850,000 tonnes • 6 Mt Bricks • Newbuild: 16 tonnes/100 m2 • Stone: 625,000 tonnes • 3.9 Mt Metals • Civil/Engineering/Groundworks: • Declined 25% compared to 1998 • 1.4 Mt Plastics • 12 tonnes/100 m2 • 1.4 Mt Glass © GBE NGS 2002-2019 DesignToReduceWaste 13 © GBE NGS 2002-2019 DesignToReduceWaste 14 © GBE NGS 2002-2019 DesignToReduceWaste 15 Legislation improved stats Latest Waste Statistics Waste by UKCI Sector m3/£100k Use Refurb. & Fit-out New Build • 400m tonnes/year materials to UK CI 2004 • 576m tonnes/year materials to UK CI 2015 • 576m tonnes/year materials to UK CI 2015 • 120m tonnes/year wasted by UK CI 2014 Commercial: 12 22 • 110m tonnes/year wasted by UK CI pre 2004 • =59% of total UK waste Retail: 10 16 • 78m tonnes/year wasted by UK CI at best • =30% construction pre-tax profit Office: 16 14 • With SWMP Regulations in place • <1% 0.75 Mt Hazardous waste Residential: 10 15 • Then legislation dropped: • 54% 65 Mt Inert Excavation waste Education: 7 15 • 120m tonnes/year wasted by UK CI 2014 • 5% 6 Mt non-hazardous to landfill Healthcare: 16 14 • 41% 45 Mt non-hazardous recycled or Leisure: 12 14 recovered (compost or energy from waste) Public Buildings: 11 13 16 17 Industrial: 11 13 18 © GBE NGS Brian Murphy 2002-2019 2 Design to Reduce Waste 01/12/19 Over ordered never needed Lost, stolen and reordered Relearn some waste statistics Relearn some waste statistics (not to scale) • Required for the design • QS inaccurate take off +/-10% • UK CI generates hazardous waste: • There is a fly-tipping incident every 35 Requires remeasure by contractor • SMM7 Wastage factor 5-20% • 5m tonnes/year 50% is landfilled seconds in the UK 33% is off-cuts, 3% is damage – (New rules this grows to 7m tonnes/year) • Over-order safety margins x% • 1 m Fly-tipping incidents in 2004 • Minimum order quantities +++ • 21% of all UK Hazardous waste • 6000 20t trucks within M25 in 15 months • Call-off extra % JIC Just in case • Merchant delivers % more than required • Of 240 hazardous waste landfill sites • CI: 30% of fly tipping incidents (2004/5) – in the hope nobody is checking, only 10 (2004) signed up to new rules < 18% > – invoices accordingly • £44m/year clean up costs 25% < > 75% • Lost on site • None in London, Scotland and Wales • £50,000 fines and 5 year prison possible • ……Stolen from site for PJs 20% • Sites in MK, (Swindon), Teeside & Pboro • Reorderd to replace lost or stolen • ……Damage & Poor quality work 3% • 250 material reclassified as hazardous • ……Spares for on going maintenance 19 20 © GBE NGS 2002-2019 DesignToReduceWaste 21 Relearn some waste statistics Common Waste Causes 1 • Packaging waste can vary between 5% • Offcuts: 33.2% • Reusable and 50% (24% average) of waste stream • Recyclable packaging: 14.4% depending on construction method packaging: 18.7% • Site Office and • Excess deliveries Canteen: 4.1% • 100% Glazed façade = 50% 18% • Damaged through • Domestic Brick & Pitch = 5% • Temporary methods of work: materials: 10.3% 3.2% • Unsuitable storage: 1% Excess Deliveries 18% © GBE NGS 2002-2019 DesignToReduceWaste 22 © GBE NGS 2002-2019 DesignToReduceWaste 23 24 Concrete tiles No Architectural Salvage value but restock able and usable Demolition reuse and recycling Demolition waste % by volume (BRE limited studies) potential (BRE limited studies) • Concrete: 52.6% • Miscellaneous 1.9% • Reusable 40.6% • Ceramics: 22.5% • Metal 1.4% • Reusable but soiled 1.2% • Furniture 16.6% • Plastic 1.3% • Recycleable 27.3% • Timber 3.4% • Electrical Goods 0.3% • Energy from waste 3.4% • Inert waste to landfill 17% 16mt • Mixed waste to landfill 10.4% 9mt Damage by methods of work 3.2% 25 © GBE NGS 2002-2019 DesignToReduceWaste 26 © GBE NGS 2002-2019 DesignToReduceWaste 27 Specify Cast-in Lifting eyes sockets; require protection, consider repair before condemning © GBE NGS Brian Murphy 2002-2019 3 Design to Reduce Waste 01/12/19 Building Refurbishment Waste BREEAM v Ska • Previously insulated with High ODP (Ozone Depletion • Different Priorities Potential) insulation boards made until 2004 • Why remove existing insulation? • BREEAM: Business as Usual – To add more room, charge more rent, – To increase fuel bills – K40 reuse • Insulation is damaged and cut into pieces to try to fill • Ska: make a difference skip efficiently • What good does it do in a landfill site? – K40, K41, M10, M40, M50, M51 reuse • Ozone Depletion Potential realised by cutting cells and releasing gases • This is classified as Hazardous waste in a mixed skip © GBE NGS 2002-2019 DesignToReduceWaste 28 29 © GBE NGS 2002-2019 DesignToReduceWaste 30 Effort Waste Hierarchy official definition & goal More • Jack Johnson Reduce • 3 its a magic number • 2 x 3 = 6 Reuse • 3 x 6 = 18 • 18th letter in the alphabet is R Waste Hierarchy Recycle • R x 3 • Reduce Reuse Recycle Another GBE CPD file to download Recover • http://www.youtube.com/watch? See http://www.GreenBuildingEncyclopaedia.uk/shop 33 Less 34 v=uSM2riAEX4U 35 Reduce: Reclaimed repaired Modular design wastes less Ideal Waste Hierarchy Reused and reusable Allows reuse readily • Walter ‘Segal Method’ • Reduce Recycled steel • Whole component used – Reduce demand, reduce waste frames • Reuse full size no cutting – As originally intended Robin Hillier Diggers Self-build Brighton Redundant bolt • Recycle holes – In a new format • Recover Blast clean and – materials or energy from waste prime/paint © GBE NGS 2002-2019 DesignToReduceWaste 36 37 BedZED Beddington Sutton Architect: Bill Dunster 38 CAT Centre for Alternative Technology Reclaim: BioRegional ReCLAIMED © NGS © GBE NGS Brian Murphy 2002-2019 4 Design to Reduce Waste 01/12/19 Reused wood better than new BedZED Beddington Sutton Architect: Bill Dunster 39 BedZED Beddington Sutton Architect: Dr Bill Dunster, 40 © GBE NGS 2002-2019 DesignToReduceWaste 41 Reclaim: BioRegional ReCLAIMED © NGS Reclaim: BioRegional ReCLAIMED © NGS Reclaimed, repaired Recycle: Glass sand for bedding & reused Doors Reusing Doors Visible Patch repairs If you don’t like them French polish or paint them BedZED Beddington Sutton Architect: Bill Dunster 42 BedZED Beddington Sutton Architect: Bill Dunster 43 44 Reclaim: BioRegional ReCLAIMED © Nicole Lazarus Reclaim: BioRegional ReCLAIMED © NGS Investing in Opportunities Effort Waste Hierarchy www.GreenBuildingEncyclopaedia.uk Waste Hierarchy new definition The reality Rethink, Re-educate, Resolve, Refocus, Resource, Relate, Research, Refer, Reduce Less Refresh, Rename, Regard, Revalue, Remeasure, Reprogramme, Replan, Reuse & Recycle Reconsider, Refuse, Reject, Return, Redesign,