Table of Contents Section 1 – Motor and Load Basics.................................................................................................... 9 AC Motors........................................................................................................................................... 11 NEMA Design Types........................................................................................................................ 12 Motor Synchronous Speed............................................................................................................... 12 3-Phase Motor Connections - NEMA ............................................................................................... 13 Rotor Inertia – NEMA....................................................................................................................... 16 3-Phase Motor Connections – IEC Nomenclature............................................................................ 17 Rotor Inertia – IEC ........................................................................................................................... 18 AC Motor Operation above Base Speed .......................................................................................... 19 Synchronous Motors........................................................................................................................ 20 Wound Rotor.................................................................................................................................... 20 Linear Induction Motors ................................................................................................................... 21 DC Motors........................................................................................................................................... 22 Design Types (typical characteristics).............................................................................................. 22 Operation above Base Speed.......................................................................................................... 23 DC Motor Control Basics ................................................................................................................. 24 Armature-Voltage Control ................................................................................................................... 24 Shunt-Field Control ........................................................................................................................... 24 Combination Control.......................................................................................................................... 24 Operation with Variable Speed Drive ..................................................................................................... 24 Load Types......................................................................................................................................... 25 Constant Torque Load ..................................................................................................................... 25 Variable Torque Load ...................................................................................................................... 25 Constant Horsepower Operation...................................................................................................... 26 Overload Operation.......................................................................................................................... 26 AC Drive Power Structure ................................................................................................................. 27 Regeneration...................................................................................................................................... 29 Stored Energy.................................................................................................................................. 29 Linear........................................................................................................................................... 30 Overhauling Load ........................................................................................................................ 30 Braking ............................................................................................................................................ 30 Line Regeneration............................................................................................................................ 30 Regenerative Brake ..................................................................................................................... 30 Drive Application Engineering Engineering Handbook Active Converter .......................................................................................................................... 31 Four Quadrants of Operation ....................................................................................................... 31 Section 2 – Basic Physics ................................................................................................................. 33 SI Units (International System of Units)........................................................................................... 34 Mechanical Quantities...................................................................................................................... 34 Electrical Quantities ......................................................................................................................... 35 Formulas............................................................................................................................................. 36 Mechanical....................................................................................................................................... 36 Linear Motion............................................................................................................................... 36 Rotational Motion......................................................................................................................... 37 Kinetic energy for Rotational Motion ............................................................................................38 Moment of Inertia......................................................................................................................... 39 Power .......................................................................................................................................... 40 Electrical .......................................................................................................................................... 42 Ohms Law ................................................................................................................................... 42 Angular frequency........................................................................................................................ 42 Impedance................................................................................................................................... 42 Power .......................................................................................................................................... 42 Power Factor ............................................................................................................................... 43 3-Phase relationships .................................................................................................................. 43 Imperial Units ..................................................................................................................................... 44 Mechanical....................................................................................................................................... 44 Linear Motion............................................................................................................................... 44 Rotational Motion......................................................................................................................... 45 Kinetic Energy.............................................................................................................................. 46 Moment of Inertia......................................................................................................................... 47 Electrical .......................................................................................................................................... 48 Power .......................................................................................................................................... 48 Newton’s laws of motion................................................................................................................... 48 Mass and weight.............................................................................................................................. 48 Lifting.................................................................................................................................................. 49 Friction ............................................................................................................................................... 49 Torque ................................................................................................................................................ 50 Torque and Tension..........................................................................................................................