Sustainable Landscapes in Eastern Madagascar Environmental and Social Management Plan Translation of the original French version 19 May 2016 (Updated 23 August 2016) 1 Table of Contents Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................... 7 Glossary ................................................................................................................................................. 9 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................ 10 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 17 1.1 Background and Project Objectives ...................................................................................... 17 1.2 Objectives of the ESMP ........................................................................................................ 17 1.3 Link between the ESMP and the Environmental and Social Management Tools for the COFAV and CAZ Protected Areas ........................................................................................................ 18 2 Project Overview ......................................................................................................................... 20 2.1 Description of Components, Activities, and Relevant Sectors .............................................. 20 2.2 Targets and Characteristics .................................................................................................. 21 2.3 Project Funding and Structure .............................................................................................. 22 3 Description of the Receiving Environment .............................................................................. 24 3.1 Project Intervention Areas ..................................................................................................... 24 3.2 The Zahamena – Ankeniheny Forest Landscape ................................................................. 25 3.2.1 Location and Sociocultural Background ........................................................................ 25 3.2.2 Biophysical Environment ............................................................................................... 26 3.2.3 Type of Uses of and Dependence of Livelihoods on Forest Resources and Forest Products in the CAZ ...................................................................................................................... 28 3.2.4 Zoning and Planning in the CAZ ................................................................................... 29 3.2.5 Transfer of Natural Resources Management (TNRM) .................................................. 30 3.3 The Fandriana – Vondrozo Forest Landscape ..................................................................... 30 3.3.1 Location and Sociocultural Background ........................................................................ 30 3.3.2 Description of the Biophysical Environment .................................................................. 31 3.3.3 Type of Uses of and Dependence of Livelihoods on Forest Resources and Forest Products ………………………………………………………………………………………………….32 3.3.4 Zoning and Planning of the COFAV .............................................................................. 36 4 Description and Assessment of the Political Framework and the National Regulations Applicable to the Project .................................................................................................................... 38 4.1 Scoping the Project according to National Policies .............................................................. 38 4.2 Assessment of the GCF and EIB Environmental and Social Performance and Standards (ESPS) and CI Standards and Safeguard Policies ............................................................................... 44 4.3 Legal Framework of the Environmental and Social Management of the Project .................. 48 4.3.1 Main Regulations and Legislations related to the Project ............................................. 48 4.3.2 Adequacy of the Classification of Environmental Studies based on GCF/EIB/CI and the National Legislation ....................................................................................................................... 55 4.3.3 Consultation under the MECIE Process ....................................................................... 56 4.3.4 Grievance Mechanism according to the MECIE Process ............................................. 57 4.3.5 International Conventions ............................................................................................. 59 5 Environmental and Social Impacts and Mitigation or Enhancement Measures ................... 60 5.1 Approach ............................................................................................................................... 60 2 5.2 Environmental and Social Issues related to the Project Activities: ....................................... 60 5.3 Risk Analysis, Negative Impacts and Mitigation Measures: ................................................. 64 5.4 Assessment of Positive Impacts and Enhancement Measures ............................................ 66 6 Structure and Environmental Assessment Process of the Project Sub-Projects/ Activities ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..69 6.1 Project Organizational Framework ........................................................................................ 69 6.2 Environmental Categorization of Sub-Projects ..................................................................... 71 6.3 Institutional Arrangement for the Implementation of the Environmental Assessment Process of a Sub-Project .................................................................................................................................... 73 6.3.1 Charter of Responsibilities of the Various Actors for the Environmental Assessment Process ………………………………………………………………………………………………….73 6.3.2 Administrative Process for the Screening of Sub-Projects ........................................... 76 6.3.3 Administrative Process for the Scoping of Sub-Projects............................................... 76 6.3.4 Administrative Process for Conducting and Reviewing Environmental Studies ........... 77 6.3.5 Administrative Process for the Integration of Environmental and Social Measures in the Implementation of a Sub-Project ................................................................................................... 78 6.3.6 Administrative Process for Evaluations, Environmental and Social Performance ........ 79 6.4 Consideration of the IFC Performance Standards and CI Safeguard Policies in Impact Studies or Mitigation Measures ............................................................................................................. 80 6.5 Tools and Recommendations to Implement the Environmental Assessment Process of the Project ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..80 6.5.1 Screening Form for Sub-Projects .................................................................................. 80 6.5.2 Content of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) .............................................. 80 6.5.3 Content of the Environmental Commitment Program ................................................... 81 6.5.4 Recommendations for the Environmental and Social Management of the Project ...... 81 6.5.5 Recommendations for the Environmental and Social Management of the COFAV and CAZ Protected Areas .................................................................................................................... 81 6.6 Capacity-Building Needs in Environmental and Social Management ................................... 82 6.6.1 Assessment of Existing Capacities ............................................................................... 82 Conservation International Madagascar .................................................................................... 82 Althelia ……………………………………………………………………………………………….85 6.6.2 Capacity-Building Needs ............................................................................................... 85 7 Environmental and Social Monitoring and Surveillance Program ......................................... 87 7.1 Monitoring Plan ..................................................................................................................... 87 7.2 Surveillance Plan .................................................................................................................. 90 8 Stakeholder Consultations ......................................................................................................... 93 8.1 Completed Public Consultations ........................................................................................... 93 8.2 Stakeholder Consultation and Participation during Project Implementation ......................... 94 8.2.1 Stakeholder Consultation during the Lifecycle of a Sub-Project ................................... 94 8.2.2 Levels of Stakeholder Consultation and Participation in Project Implementation ......... 95 8.2.3 Grievance Mechanisms ................................................................................................. 96 8.2.4 External Communication, Information Dissemination, and Access .............................