FINAL APPLICATION NUREMBERG Green Capital City 2012/ 2013 Award year Award year: Either 2012 or 2013 Municipality: Name of municipality: Nuremberg Country: Germany Size of municipality (km²): 186 Number of inhabitants in municipality: 495459 Name of mayor: Dr. Ulrich Maly Address of mayor's office: Stadt Nürnberg Rathausplatz 2 90403 Nürnberg Contact info Contact person: Dr. Susanne Schimmack Address: Umweltreferat Hauptmarkt 18 90403 Nürnberg Telephone: 0049-911-2315942 Fax: 0049-911-2313391 E-mail: [email protected] - 1 - 1. Local contribution to global climate change 1a. Describe the present situation and developments over the last five to ten years regarding (max. 1,000 words): 1. Total CO2 equivalent per capita, including emissions resulting from use of electricity; 2. CO2 per capita resulting from use of natural gas; 3. CO2 per capita resulting from transport; 4. Gram of CO2 per kWh used. 1.1. The present situation and developments over the last five to ten years The City of Nuremberg has put considerable effort into its municipal climate policy and has experienced some success. The City attaches great importance to energy issues. Increased use of renewable forms of energy and high energy efficiency are two tools to fight climate change. Since 2000 Nuremberg has been a member of the Climate Alliance of European Cities, the largest European city network for climate protection. As a member of the Climate Alliance, Nuremberg has committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions continuously. Since 2009 Nuremberg, has also been a member of the Covenant of Mayors. Numerical values are available for the year 2008. These values include the conversion of the local power plant Nuremberg-Sandreuth. The power plant produces electricity and district heating in environment-friendly and energy-efficient combined cycle gas & steam technology. 1.1.1. Total CO 2 per capita including emissions resulting from use of electricity The methodology for calculating emissions between 1990 and 2008 is based on the former guidelines of the Climate Alliance of European Cities. Since 2010, the City of Nuremberg has calculated emissions with the ECO2Region preferred by the Climate Alliance. Figure 1: CO 2 equivalent emissions per capita 12,0 10,7 9,8 9,5 9,3 10,0 7,4 8,0 5,0 4,0 Tons CO2- 4,0 3,9 equivalent per 6,0 1,8 capita 4,0 3,5 3,8 3,4 3,4 3,6 2,0 2,2 2,1 2,1 2,1 1,9 0,0 1990 1996 2000 2004 2008 Transport Electricity Heat Total CO2 equivalent emissions The development of CO 2 emissions and other greenhouse gases is linked to final energy consumption. Between 2000 and 2008, Nuremberg’s final energy consumption was reduced by 4.9%. CO 2 emissions decreased continuously between 1990 and 2008. This is a sign of greater efficiency, both in energy production and consumption. The most important sources of CO 2 - 2 - emissions are the use of the final energy carriers electricity, natural gas, heating oil, district heating and fuels for transport. Nuremberg's greenhouse gas emissions have reduced considerably during the last twenty years. Between 1990 and 2008, CO 2 emissions decreased by 29.4% overall. Between 2000 and 2008, CO 2 emissions were reduced by 19.5%. The main contributing factor was the decrease in domestic energy consumption, especially for heating. Another reason was the change from fossil fuels, such as heating oil and coal, to more environmentally-friendly natural gas. 1.1.2. Use of natural gas In Nuremberg, natural gas is an important energy carrier for industry and private households. Final energy consumption and CO 2 emissions from use of natural gas were relatively constant between 1996 and 2008. But the use of natural gas in industry and private households also has another advantage: natural gas has replaced coal and heating oil which have a worse CO 2 equivalent emission factor. Figure 2: CO 2-equivalent emissions from use of natural gas 1,80 1,60 1,40 1,20 Tons CO2- 1,00 equivalent per 1,63 capita 0,80 1,55 1,54 1,60 0,60 1,35 0,40 0,20 0,00 1990 1996 2000 2004 2008 Natural gas 1.1.3. CO 2 per capita resulting from transport Transport is one of the three main sources of CO 2 emissions. Although the City of Nuremberg has a good public transport system, emissions from cars and HGVs are enormous. The public transport system consists of various means of transport, such as busses, trams, underground and suburban trains. Walking and cycling are also popular in Nuremberg. The public transport system is still improving. New suburban railways to neighbouring cities, such as Ansbach, Erlangen and Neumarkt are under construction. The new underground line U3 from Maxfeld to Gustav-Adolf- Straße is the third underground line, and it will be extended further. Nuremberg's good public transport system means that it is possible to live in the city without using a private car. Without the public transport system, CO 2 emissions would be substantially higher. - 3 - Figure 3: CO 2-equivalent emissions per capita from public and private transport Tons CO2- Covered distance equivalent per capita km per capita 3,0 9.000 8.294 8.182 8.036 8.579 8.000 2,5 8.381 0,11 0,13 0,12 7.000 0,13 0,13 2,0 6.000 5.000 1,5 4.000 1,0 2,1 2,0 3.000 2,0 1,9 1,8 2.000 0,5 1.000 0,0 0 1990 1996 2000 2004 2008 Private transport: Cars and HGVs Public Transport: Underground, busses, trams, trains Covered distance - total: Cars and public transport 1.1.4. Carbon Intensity: Grams of CO 2 per kWh used Between 1990 and 2008 , the average CO 2 equivalent in grams of CO 2 per kWh used was reduced by 19.9%. The average CO2 equivalent emission factor includes the use of electricity, natural gas, district heating, process heating, heating oil, coal and transport, but not the emissions for waste water management and waste disposal. Figure 4: Carbon Intensity: Gram CO 2 per kWh used 800 800 700 700 600 600 CO2-equivalent 500 392 500 Average CO2- 367 347 emissions 400 337 400 equivalent emissions 294 gram CO2 per kWh gram CO2 per 300 300 kWh used used 200 200 100 100 0 0 1990 1996 2000 2004 2008 Electricity (German Electricity Production Mix) Heat Transport Average CO2 -equivalent emissions Nuremberg uses the German electricity generation mix (> 600 g CO 2 / kWh electricity). The major share of German electricity generation is based on fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas. This results in higher CO 2 emissions, as compared to other cities with a national electricity generation - 4 - mix based on nuclear power and renewables. The generation of district heating was switched from coal to natural gas between 2004 and 2006. Figure 5: German electricity generation mix: carbon intensity per kWh electricity 666 689 648 120 612 700 615 100 600 German electricity Share of energy source / 500 80 Percentage production mix: 400 gram CO2-equivalent per 60 300 kWh electric 40 200 20 100 0 0 1990 1996 2000 2005 2008 Nuclar power Fossil fuels (gas,oil, coal) Renewables (wind, water, solar,biomass) Electricity production mix (German national electricity mix) 1.1.5. Share of renewables in electricity production Renewable energy sources are also used in Nuremberg: hydroelectric power is the most important renewable resource. In 2008, almost 9,400 MWh of electricity were generated this way. Photovoltaic and solar-thermal energy are also popular. The photovoltaic energy share increased by 656% between 2000 and 2006. Nuremberg boasts the highest amount of energy production per capita from photovoltaics and solar-thermal energy of all German cities of over 500,000 inhabitants. In Nuremberg, the photovoltaics systems installed produced an overall 9,300 kWpeak in 2008, generating 8,400 MWh of electricity per year. Every year, 7,560 t of CO 2 emissions are avoided because of photovoltaics. In 2008, solar-thermal devices covered an area of 20,400 m² and saved CO 2 emissions of 2,134 t CO 2 per year. In 2009, the project association “8KU” (an association of eight municipal companies) was founded, with the goal of extending regenerative electricity generation. Figure 6: Reduction of CO 2 by renewables in the City of Nuremberg: Percentage of electricity consumption from renewables and CO 2 reduction from renewables Percentage of electricity CO2 reduction from consumption from renewables sources/ renewable sources tons of CO2 25.000 0,90% 0,75% 0,79% 0,69% 0,80% 20.000 0,70% 0,60% 0,60% 15.000 0,50% 0,40% 10.000 0,30% 5.000 0,20% 0,10% 0 0,00% 1996 2000 2004 2008 Water power (electricity) Biomass and sewage gas (electricity) Photovoltaics (electricity) Solarthermal devices (heating) Percentage of electricity consumption from renewable sources - 5 - 1.1.6. Percentage of citizens connected to district heating Almost 5,000 buildings in Nuremberg are connected to district heating. The percentage of citizens connected to district heating increased from 14.5% in 1990 to 20.7% in 2007. Between 2004 and 2006, the local power plant in Nürnberg-Sandreuth was converted to the energy-efficient combined cycle gas & steam technology. Increased electricity generation with less CO 2 gains for the current has decreased CO 2-equivalent emissions by 643,106 t of CO 2 emissions between 1990 and 2008. Figure 7: Local district heating and electricity production in cogeneration in the local power plant Nuremberg-Sandreuth; percentage of citizens connected to district heating 20,7% 1.600.000 18,9% 20% 1.400.000 17,3% 14,5% 15,0% 1.200.000 15% 1.000.000 Percentage of 800.000 10% citizens connected MWh 600.000 to district heating 400.000 5% 200.000 0 0% 1990 1996 2000 2004 2007 Electricity production District heating production Citizens connected to district heating 1b.