ISSN 2469-4576 (Print) E-ISSN 2469-4584 (Online) Vol. 1, No. 2, 2016 Comparative Literature & World Literature www.cwliterature.org 比较文学与世界文学（第2期）-内文.indd 1 2016/12/8 10:34:19 Comparative Literature & World Literature Journal Description All rights reserved In the form of print as well as online with open-access, The right to reproduce scholarship published in the Comparative Literature & World Literature (CLWL) is journal Comparative Literature & World Literature a peer-reviewed, full-text, quarterly academic journal in (ISSN 2469-4576 <Print>; ISSN 2469-4584 <On- the field of comparative literature and world literature, line>) is governed by both Chinese and US-American whose purpose is to make available in a timely fashion copyright laws. No part of this publication may be the multi-faceted aspects of the discipline. It publishes reproduced, in any form or by any means, electronic, articles and book reviews, featuring those that explore photocopy, or otherwise, without permission in writing disciplinary theories, comparative poetics, world litera- from School of Chinese Language and Literature, Bei- ture and translation studies with particular emphasis on jing Normal University and College of Humanities, the the dialogues of poetics and literatures in the context of University of Arizona. globalization. You can now submit your articles and reviews online at Editorial Office www.cwliterature.org. Address: Comparative Literature & World Literature editorial office, Room B709, Old Main Building, Bei- Subscription Rates jing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Individual Subscription: $ 40/per year Beijing, 100875, P. R. China. Students subscription: $ 20/per year (A copy of a valid Email: [email protected] student ID is required) [email protected] Sponsors School of Chinese Language and Literature, Beijing Normal University (P.R. China) The College of Humanities, the University of Arizona, Tucson (USA) 比较文学与世界文学（第2期）-内文.indd 2 2016/12/8 10:34:19 Comparative Literature & World Literature Volume 1 Number 2 2016 Editors in Chief (2016- ) Cao, Shunqing 曹顺庆 Beijing Normal University (China). <[email protected]> Liu, Hongtao 刘洪涛 Beijing Normal University (China). <[email protected]> Associate Editors (2016- ) Li, Dian The University of Arizona (USA). Chen, Guangxing 陈广兴 Shanghai International Studies University (China). Advisory Board Bassnett, Susan The University of Warwick (UK) Bertens, Hans Urtecht University (Netherlands) Yue, Daiyun 乐黛云 Peking University (China) Editorial Board Beebee, O. Thomas The Pennsylvania State University (USA) Damrosch, David Harvard University (USA) Dasgupta, Subha Chakraborty Jadavpur University D’haen, Theo University of Leuven (Belgium) Fang, Weigui 方维规 Beijing Normal University (China) Wang, Ning 王宁 Tsinghua University (China) Yang, Huilin 杨慧林 Renmin University (China) Yao, Jianbin 姚建彬 Beijing Normal University (China) Assistant Editors Liu, Qian 刘倩 Beijing Normal University. Zheng, Che 郑澈 Beijing International Studies University. Zhang, Zhanjun 张占军 Beijing International Studies University. Chang, Liang 常亮 Hebei Normal University for Nationalities. Dai, Li 代莉 Northwest Normal University. Azuaje-Alamo, Manuel 柳慕真 Harvard University. Dayton, David 达恬地 UC-Davis. Moore, Aaron Lee 莫俊伦 Sichuan University. 比较文学与世界文学（第2期）-内文.indd 3 2016/12/8 10:34:19 Volume 1 CONTENTS Number 2 2016 Articles: 1 Migration and Translation in a World Literature Perspective / Svend Erik Larsen, Aarhus University/Sichuan University 14 World Literature and World History / Theo D’haen, KU Leuven 25 The Ethics of World Literature / Thomas O. Beebee The Pennsylvania State University 30 “Hati-Colt”: a Chinese-oriented Literary Theory / Wong Waileung (Huang Weiliang) The Chinese University of Hong Kong 43 THE GLOSA: A GENRE TO BE NOTICED FOR ITS CONSTRUCTIVE VALUES / Keith Ellis University of Toronto Book reviews: 58 Forget English!: Orientalisms and World Literatures. / Manuel Azuaje-Alamo 比较文学与世界文学（第2期）-内文.indd 4 2016/12/8 10:34:19 ARTICLES Migration and Translation in a World Literature Perspective Svend Erik Larsen, Aarhus University/Sichuan University Abstract: In recent years two themes have been instrumental for the advancement of world literature studies. One is migration; the other is translation. As disciplines, neither migration studies nor translation studies belong to the field of literary studies in their own right. Migration has for many years been a field within social and cultural studies and is now acquiring increasing urgency in today’s geopolitical context. But with the rapidly growing number of works representing various experiences of migration, it has also irrevocably entered literary studies. Likewise, as an academic discipline translation studies was for years a subject host- ed by linguistics before new trends emerged in the 1970s and gained ground in the 1990s with a theoretical perspective to also encompass intermedia translation and a broad register of c-ultural discourses, literature included. With Henry Roth’s Jewish-American migration novel Call It Sleep (1934) as my basic text, I will explore the world literature perspective of migration and translation. Keywords: migration, translation, world literature, comparative literature, Henry Roth, Chinua Achebe In recent years two themes have been instrumental for the advancement of world literature studies. One is migration; the other is translation. As disciplines, neither migration studies nor translation studies belong to the field of literary studies in their own right. Migration has for many years been a field within social and cultural studies and is now acquiring increasing urgency in today’s geopolitical context. But with the rapidly growing number of works representing various experiences of migration, it has also irrevocably entered literary studies. Likewise, as an academic discipline translation studies was for years a subject host- ed by linguistics before new trends emerged in the 1970s and gained ground in the 1990s with a theoretical perspective to also encompass intermedia translation and a broad register of cultural discourses, literature included.1 Of course, practicing translators have always worked with literature but not as a field of research. 1 See Lefevere and Bassnett. Volume 1 Number 2 2016 1 比较文学与世界文学（第2期）-内文.indd 1 2016/12/8 10:34:20 These recent developments have made migration studies and translation studies ripe for literary scholars working in a world literature perspective.2 They have added a political awareness, in as much as both migra- tion and translation involves power relations, the power of place, and the power of meaning production. More- over, they have added a much needed theoretical and contextual ramification to literary studies, which has been mainly closed in on itself since its emergence in Europe as an academic research field around 1800. This inward gaze turned in two directions; firstly, towards the aesthetic particularities of literature. From the mid-eighteenth century, with the aesthetic theories of Ephraim Lessing and Alexander Baumgarten in particular, literature was singled out as a quasi-autonomous object of study. The broader cultural outlook, typical of the Renaissance and also the Enlightenment in general, became more and more myopic. Secondly, literary studies tended to look to- wards the national characteristics of literature. Such features were believed to constitute the immanent essence of literature (and other art forms as well) with a whole panoply of ideological implications ranging from nationalism bordering on fascism to a self-conscious minority awareness.3 Among both writers and critics the effect was that the preoccupation with a shared European literary history beyond the boundaries of national languages and territories withered away. At the same time, com- parative perspectives with the potential of opening or re-opening the larger cultural and linguistic context only came second, mainly considered to consist of comparisons between authors, works or entire literatures with an already established and primary national definition.4 Consequently, the emerging interest in world literature, as it occurred with Johan Wolfgang von Goethe’s critical ideas and poetical practice in the 1820s as the most widespread inspiration, took on an idealistic aspect relying on immanent literary values cast in trans-historical and universalist terms. In contrast, the revival of world literature today consists in breaking away from this inward-looking idealistic take on world literature and, in particular, from the fervent cultivation of national literatures and its package of ideological implications. Of course, today’s world literature studies have also utilized the many and varied critical methodologies that have developed from the founding years of literary studies. Yet, more importantly, the reorientation of literary studies meant a keen receptiveness to other continents, other languages, other types of local cultural formations, other genres, other themes – where ‘other’ always means other than the physical and colonial boundaries of European culture and the national thinking that underpins it. However, given the century-long global impact of Europe, this so-called provincializing of Europe (Chakrabarty 2007) always unfolds in a dialogue with the undeniable influence of European culture around the world, both in academia and in culture at large. Literary studies as a discipline is also involved directly in the power relations as they are articulated by migration