LONDON A GENTS SI MPK I M SHA LL co . LI MITED N , AR , STUDI ES IN PO RT UGUESE LIT ERA TURE AU BREY F G BELL . O XF O RD B . B B . H LACKWELL, ROAD STREET 1 9 1 4 N E ARLY a ce ntury ago it w as s aid o f Portugue se literature that it might be co mpare d with une d e ces iles do nt les n avigate urs o nt vu les cote s m ais do nt on ” — igno re completement le s ri chesses a land of th e e e e th e o e a e eac e . ce H sp rid s , with g ld n ppl s unr h d Sin e c h as ee o e b e co e e th n mu h b n d n , but it must nf ss d th at English criti cs have t ake n little part in reco n i r n Yet o e e no t i g this unch arted cou ntry . P rtugu s e a u e e a e ea e ea an a ea a ce lit r t r r p ys study , r v ling b n th pp r n of e c t o e e an d e a o e duln ss mu h int r st d light , m ny n bl Th e a c fruits in its occasio n ally dreary cham ecas . f s in a can ti as de ami o of th e o e of K ting g g King Diniz , pr s ing a e t h e ca a utos of ce e th e e e Du rt , lyri l Gil Vi nt , xquisit ec o e of th e uinhenti s tas e a all o l gu s q , r m in but unkn wn to English reade rs . I n Po rtugal th ere h as been a certain reacti on against th e n eglect an d indifferen ce which h ave allowe d s o a a e e o n a a e a m ny r r diti ns a d v lu bl m nuscripts t o perish . Th e brunt of th e wo rk h as bee n born e by S e nhor Th eophilo Braga (bo rn in It is easy to be repelled by th ose of his writings which deal with e a c c . e are o e o o o e lit r ry riti ism Th y ft n with ut f rm , h n y co e e e o a e e an d e e a mb d with r p titi ns , t st l ss irr l v nt political V PRE FACE o r o e e o o f ea e e e a e th r digr ssi ns gr t l ngth , littl p d ntri s , a a Bu e ea e co e v gu e bstractio ns . t th ir r l m rits unt r a oo are b lan ce th ese defects in co nstructi on . His b ks n ot o o f art e are a ea o e o e w rks , but th y gr t m tiv p w r , proving and s earching th e wh ole do m ain of Po rtuguese o a e e o a e o lit erature . Unf rtun t ly his m th d is l rg ly hyp e ca th e e a a e e o o th ti l , with r sult th t singl ing ni us supp si o e e o e o e o e c a e ti n , subs qu ntly dispr v d , inv lv s wh l h pt rs e c o e a o e of ca th e cce e in d stru ti n , lik h us rds , su ssiv e diti ons of his wo rks being a n e twork of co rrecti o ns n o B ut h e e a one o f th e c e a d contradicti ns . r m ins hi f e of co e o a o a af e ea of figur s nt mp r ry P rtug l , t r fifty y rs e e a o o t o th e a p rsist nt l b ur still w rking fill in g ps , ' a a e His tan a da Li ttem ta ra Por tu ueza unh ppily l rg , in his g , o e - w a o e a utlin d in thirty two volum es . It s imp ssibl th t h e should bring t o a satis facto ry con clusi o n s o gigantic a a — o f oe c c o o c o o t sk p try , riti ism , phil s phy , psy h l gy , o o c th e o ac a acco e hist ry , p liti s ; but w rk tu lly mplish d e o ne by him is truly marvellous in exte nt . Whil must regret th at h e h as allowed sectari an politics to cree p and e o o of e a c c an d m a intrud int w rks lit r ry riti ism , y e o e th e o o a of e on e can d pl r p mp us in nity his styl , but a e e ea ac e e e e ea c e dmir his v ry r l hi v m nt , his untiring r s r h s and e - f n ev r ailing e nthusi asm . ‘ ' 1 J e o a D ra c ae de Va o ce o e am S nh r Mi h lis sc n ll s , l ss bitio us o e c o a an d , but w rking with tru s h l rship insight , h as acco e c of e e an d a a e mplish d mu h d finit l sting v lu , as fo r a ce h er S e e o o f th e oe of , inst n , in pl ndid diti n p ms 2 55 de a a h er e o o f Canci onei ro da A uda Mir nd , in diti n j , 1 Born i n 1 8 1 th e d au er o f a Ber lin ro e s s or Gus tav Mich aelis 5 , ght P f , , ' s h e fi rs ca me to O or o i n th r d / f I Z 5 66 t p t e yea (i c , L3 } 2 Q Tw vo ls llo o . Ha 1 0 , , 9 4 . PREFAC E vii 1 th e Gescki chte der Por ta i esi schen Li ttem tw and in g , in h a o e o a oo a c e e o et c . S e m ny th r imp rt nt b ks , rti l s , diti ns , is th e best and surest living auth ority on questions of o e M o e e e a t o be e e a e . c P rtugu s lit r tur u h , h w v r , r m ins o e and a e e of a f c e of ea d n , wid fi ld , m ny di fi ulti s but gr t a c a o e o e to o e wh o a e th e ece a f s in ti n , li s p n th s h v n ss ry e and e e e a ce A c ca e o of th e o tim p rs v r n . riti l diti n w rks of V ce e an e o o f th e e e of Dom oao Gil i nt , diti n l tt rs J d e C a o V ce o of a a of th e a e and str , i r y Indi , study d t s e e a o f Bern r im R e o 8 51 de M a a int rr l ti ns o a d ib ir , ir nd , ' and C h rist ovam Falcao (wh ose p oems are by some attributed in th eir entirety t o Bern ardim Ribeiro) 2 the se are but three out of a hundred similar tasks . Th e eclogue s o f Bern ardim Ribeiro 1 486 C h ris o am a Sé de a a t v Fa c o c. 1 1 l ( 5 2 Mir nd , Do m M an oel d e Portugal ( 1 52 0 Di ogo B ern ardes c. 1 2 0 L de C a oe e o de A a e ( 5 uis m s , P dr ndr d 4 C a - 6 r a F a c co Ro e Lo o c. 1 80 1 2 a e minh , r n is drigu s b ( 5 5) 1 ’ Gro b l l i E Ab t er Grundm s man c en hi o o e d 2 .