PHITS Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System 粒子・重イオン輸送コードPHITSの利用 Koji Niita: RIST, Japan Hiroshi Iwase: KEK, Japan (GSI, Germany) Tatsuhiko Sato, JAEA, Japan Yousuke Iwamoto, Norihito Matsuda, Yukio Sakamoto, Hiroshi Nakashima: JAEA, Japan Davide Mancusi, Lembit Sihver: Chalmers, Sweden Title ContentsContents (1)(1) OverviewOverviewof of PPHIHITTSS Physical Processes Models: JAM, JQMD (2)(2) ApplicationApplication FieldsFieldsof of PPHIHITTSS Accelerator Cancer Therapy Space Technology (3)(3) UserUser InterfacesInterfacesof of PPHIHITTSS Contents 1 PhysicalPhysical ProcessesProcesses includedincluded in in PPHIHITTSS Magnetic Field Gravity External Field Super mirror (reflection) and Optical devices Transport Mechanical devices, T0 chopper between collisions Ionization process dE/dx : SPAR, ATIMA code for charge particle (new feature) Energy straggling Angle Straggling Nuclear Data MCNP code, ENDF-B/VI, LA150, ….. + Event Generator Mode (new feature) Collisions Particle Induced JAM code with nucleus Collisions JAMQMD (new feature) Heavy Ion Collisions JQMD code Physical Processes OverviewOverviewof ofPPHIHITTSS(P(Particlearticle and and H Heavyeavy I Ionon T Transportransport code code S System)ystem) 1951 1983 1997 2001 2003 NMTC NMTC/JAERI NMTC/JAERI97 NMTC/JAM PHITS (ORNL) High Energy Fission CG geometry JAM, GG JQMD, MCNP Magnetic Field Gravity PHITS = MCNP + JAM + JQMD Transport Particle and Energy MCNP Neutron, Photon, Electron Transport by Nuclear Data Proton 0 ~ 200 GeV Neutron 10-5 eV ~ 200 GeV JAM Hadron-Nucleus Collisions Meson 0 ~ 200 GeV up to 200 GeV Barion 0 ~ 200 GeV Nucleus 0 ~ 100 GeV/u JQMD Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions Photon 1 keV ~ 1 GeV by Molecular Dynamics Electron 1 keV ~ 1 GeV Geometry: CG and GG External Field: Magnetic Field, Gravity Optical and Mechanical Tally, Mesh and Graphic devices Tally: Track, Cross, Heat, Star, Language and Parallelism Time, DPA, Product, LET Mesh: cell, r-z, xyz FORTRAN 77 Counter: MPI Graphic: ANGEL (PS generator) PHITS : H. Iwase et.al. J. Nucl. Sci.Technol. 39 (2002) 1142 Overview 2 MapMap ofof Models,Models, transporttransport particlesparticles andand energiesenergies inin PHITSPHITS neutrons protons hadrons nucleus photons π , μ, K,Σ,.. electrons 200 GeV 200 GeV 200 GeV 100 GeV/u 100 GeV Å JAM, Hadron cascade model Æ (JQMD) (JQMD) (JQMD) JQMD In progress (Bertini) (Bertini) Å GEM, Evaporation and Fission process Æ 1 GeV Å SPAR, ATIMA, Ionization process Æ MCNP 20 MeV 10 MeV/u with Event Generator 1 MeV 1 MeV nuclear data MCNP with only transport 1 keV nuclear data with dE/dx (SPAR, ATIMA) thermal 0 MeV 0 MeV 0 MeV/u Fermi Lab, USA, 2006/09/6-8 3 OverviewOverview ofof All-ParticleAll-Particle TransportTransport CodesCodes inin thethe WorldWorld By G. W. McKinney in FNDA(Fast Neutron Detectors and Applications Conference) April 2006 General MCNPX GEANT4 FLUKA MARS PHITS Version 2.5.0 8.0 p1 2005 15 2.09 Lab. Affiliation LANL CERN,IN2P3 CERN FNAL JAEA,RIST INFN,KEK,SLAC INFN GSI TRIUMF,ESA Chalmers Univ. Language Fortran 90/C C++ Fortran 77 Fortran 95/C Fortran 77 Cost Free Free Free Free (US Gov.) Free Release Format Source & Source & binary Source & Binary Source & binary binary binary User Manual 470 pages 280 pages 387 pages 150 pages 176 pages Users ~2000 ~1000 ~1000 220 220 Web Site mcnpx.lanl.gov cern.ch/geant4 www.fluka.org www-ap.fnal. Under const. gov/MARS Workshops ~7/year ~4/year ~1/year ~2/year ~1/year Input Format Free C++ main Fixed or free Free Free Fixed geometry Input Cards ~120 N/A ~85 ~100 ~100 Parallel Yes Yes No Yes Yes Execution JAMJAM codecode forfor Hadron Hadron Nucleus Nucleus Collisions Collisions up up to to 200 200 GeV GeV Introducing JAM (Jet AA Microscopic Transport Model) Y. Nara et.al. Phys. Rev. C61 (2000) 024901 JAM is a Hadronic Cascade Model, which explicitly treats all established hadronic states including resonances with explicit spin and isospin as well as their anti-particles. We have parameterized all Hadron-Hadron Cross Sections, based on Resonance Model and String Model by fitting the available experimental data. Au+Au 200GeV/u in cm JAM 4 JQMDJQMD codecode forfor Nucleus-Nucleus Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions Collisions up up to to 100 100 GeV/u GeV/u JQMD (Jaeri Quantum Molecular Dynamics) for Simulation of Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions K. Niiita et.al. Phys. Rev. C52 (1995) 2620 http://hadron31.tokai.jaeri.go.jp/jqmd/ 56Fe 800 MeV/u on 208Pb Analysis of Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions by JQMD JQMD-1 Neutron Spectra from Thick Target Introducing JQMD in PHITS : H. Iwase et.al. J. Nucl. Sci.Technol. 39 (2002) 1142 JQMD-2 5 MCNPMCNP codecode forfor Neutron Neutron Transport Transport below below 20 20 MeV MeV with with Nuclear Nuclear Data Data Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code System developed by Los Alamos National Lab. for Neutrons, Photons, Electrons by using Evaluated Nuclear Data, such as ENDF, JENDL, … Applications: Nuclear Criticality Safety, Radiation Shielding, Fission Reactor Design, … n-56Fe Reaction Cross Sections MCNP (2)(2) ApplicationApplication FieldsFieldsof of PPHIHITTSS Accelerator - Spallation Neutron Source (J-PARC) Target design, Beam loss, Heat, DPA, Shielding design, …… - Neutron Optics (J-PARC) Signal-to-background ratio, Shielding design - RIA, GSI, RIKEN, High intense Heavy Ion Accelerator Facilities, Heat, DPA, Beam loss, Shielding design, …… Cancer Therapy BNCT (neutron), Proton therapy, Heavy-Ion therapy Space Technology Damage and Shielding by Cosmic Ray, Atmospheric Cosmic-Ray Semiconductor Soft Error Secondary Charged Particle and Recoiled Nuclei Applications 6 ApplicationApplication FieldsFieldsof of PPHIHITTSS Accelerator Cancer Therapy Space Technology J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source Neutron Optics Heavy Ion Facilities Application (1) J-PARCJ-PARC= = JapanJapan ProtonProton AcceleratorAccelerator ResearchResearch ComplexComplex Nuclear and Particle Physics Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility Experimental Facility Nuclear Transmutation Neutrino to Kamiokande 50 GeV Synchrotron (0.75 MW) Linac(350m) 3 GeV Synchrotron (25 Hz, 1MW) J-PARC(1) 7 Building dimension : Width : 70m146m Length : Height : 30m Exp. Hall Height : 22m MaterialsMaterials and and Life Life Science Science Experimental Experimental Facility Facility n line n Target Statio roton beam y 1MW Spallatio P tering Facilit Neutron Scat Muon Science Facility 3GeV, 1MW proton beam Target remote handling room Spallation Mercury Muon production target target Cooling systems (Basement) Scraper Experimental hall J-PARC(2) 23 neutron beam lines will be Installed in experimental halls under present design. Be reflector Fe reflector SpallationSpallation Neutron Neutron Source Source in in Proton Proton Accelerator Accelerator Facilities Facilities PHITS has been Energyextensivelytt == 402100100010 nsecDeposition nsec nsec nsec used for Optimization and Shielding designModerators around Hg target of J-PARC Neutron window Hg target Proton window Moderators Spallation (2) Neutron window Proton 8 Hg target AGSAGS BenchmarkBenchmark ExperimentsExperiments forfor SpallationSpallation Neutron Neutron SourceSource AGS FunctionsFunctionsof ofPPHIHITTSS forfor BeamBeam transport transport Charged particles and Heavy ions - Dipole and Quadrupole Magnetic field Low energy neutrons - Dipole, Quadrupole and Sextupole Magnetic field coupled with neutron spin. - Pulse (Time dependent) Magnetic field - Optical devices; Supper mirror - Mechanical devices; T0 chopper, …. - Gravity z PHITS can simulate not only the trajectories, but also the collisions and the ionization at the same time. z PHITS can estimate the radiation damage of the magnets and the surroundings, and shielding as well as signal-to-background ratio in neutron beam line. Summary of Accelerator 9 NeutronNeutron longlong beambeam lineline calculationcalculation: : Neutron Neutron Optics Optics Curved Guide T0 chopper Super mirror J-PARC: High Resolution Powder 100 m RIKEN RI Beam Factory PPHIHITTSSforfor HighHigh IntensityIntensity HeavyHeavy IonIon facilitiesfacilities GSI FAIR : Super-FRS facility RIA Beam production area 10 RIA Beam production area 48Ca beam track Heating in whole system Beam stop 22C track 4He track Target 11 RIKENRIKEN RIBF: RIBF: RI RI Beam Beam Factory Factory 12 PPHIHITTSSforfor ShieldingShielding ofof CarbonCarbon TherapyTherapy FacilitiesFacilities 3D view by PHITS 13 ShieldingShielding ofof ProtonProton andand CarbonCarbon therapytherapy facilitiesfacilities Dose distribution calculated by PHITS ApplicationApplication FieldsFieldsof of PPHIHITTSS Accelerator Cancer Therapy Space Technology BNCT Proton and Heavy Ion Therapy Application (2) 14 JCDSJCDS(Jaeri(Jaeri Computational Computational Dosimetry Dosimetry System) System) for for BNCT BNCT JCDS creates the Voxel data from CT and MRI data Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for MCNP ( PHITS ) calculation. at Dept. Research Reactor, JAERI 3D view by PHITS DoseVoxelCT distribution data data JRR-4 research reactor Irradiation Room Core BNCT EventEvent GeneratorGenerator ModeModeof of PPHIHITTSS How to estimate the deposit energy of charged particles and nuclei for neutron transport below 20 MeV MCNP type PHITS Transport based on Boltzmann equation Event Generator Mode with nuclear data with nucleus transport Local Approximation (Kerma factor) Energy Deposition in event by event Average Values Deposit energy distribution This assumption is not valid for : ¾ Size of system is smaller than Range of charged particles Treat all ejectiles of collisions. ¾ Distribution is necessary Energy and Momentum are