New Series Vol. 1 N° 1 by the Czechoslovak Society of Arts and Sciences KOSMAS CZECHOSLOVAK AND CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL KOSMAS ISSN 1056-005X ©2018 by the Czechoslovak Society of Arts and Sciences (SVU) Kosmas: Czechoslovak and Central European Journal (Formerly Kosmas: Journal of Czechoslovak and Central European Studies, Vols. 1-7, 1982-1988, and Czechoslovak and Central European Journal, Vols. 8-11, (1989-1993). Kosmas is a peer reviewed, multidisciplinary journal that focuses on Czech, Slovak and Central European Studies. It publishes scholarly articles, memoirs, research materials, and belles-lettres (including translations and original works), dealing with the region and its inhabitants, including their communities abroad. It is published twice a year by the Czechoslovak Society of Arts and Sciences (SVU). Editor: Hugh L. Agnew (The George Washington University) Associate Editors: Mary Hrabík Šámal (Oakland University) Thomas A. Fudge (University of New England, Australia) The editors assume no responsibility for statements of fact or opinion made by contributors. Manuscript submissions and correspondence concerning editorial matters should be sent via email to the editor, Hugh L. Agnew. The email address is [email protected]. Please ensure that you reference “Kosmas” in the subject line of your email. If postal correspondence proves necessary, the postal address of the editor is Hugh L. Agnew, History Department, The George Washington University, 801 22nd St. NW, Washington, DC, 20052 USA. Books for review, book reviews, and all correspondence relating to book reviews should be sent to the associate editor responsible for book reviews, Mary Hrabík Šámal, at the email address [email protected]. If postal correspondence proves necessary, send communications to her at 2130 Babcock, Troy, MI, 48084 USA. For information about ordering current and future issues of Kosmas, please consult the SVU website at: https://kosmas.svu2000.org. ii CONTENTS From the Editor By Hugh L. Agnew v ARTICLES Two Progenitors of Masaryk’s Philosophy: Friedrich A. Lange and Henry G. Lewes By Zdeněk V. David 1 Remembering the Czech Legion and the 1917 Battle of Zborov in the Poetry of Rudolf Medek Set to Music By James W. Peterson and William J. Peterson 13 What the Western Portion of Northwest Florida Knew about the Birth of Czechoslovakia in 1918: A Case Study of Information Accessibility in Small- town and Rural America By Daniel E. Miller 41 Presidential Succession and the Republican Party in the Czechoslovak First Republic: The Election of Edvard Beneš as Czechoslovak President in 1935 By Jaroslav Rokoský MEMOIR Memoir: Part I: From Arrest to Pre-Trial Detention (1940-1942) By Martin Hrabík (translated and edited by Mary Hrabík Šámal) 77 ESSAY Operation Anthropoid: The Proof of Czech National Heroism? By Kateina Králová 94 REFERENCE MATERIALS Notable Czech-American Women in Higher Professions By Miloslav Rechcigl, Jr. 97 BOOK REVIEWS Evelyn Funda. Weeds, A Farm Daughter’s Lament. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2013. 297 pp. ISBN 978-0-8032-4496-2. By Mila Šašková-Pierce 134 iii Richard Askwith. The Rise and Fall of Emil Zátopek Olympic Legend: Today We Die A Little. London: Yellow Jersey Press, 2016. ISBN: 978-0-224-10034- 2, 457 pp. By Tracy Anne Burns 135 Jan Rychlík, Lukáš Holeček and Michal Pehr eds., Agrarismus ve střední a východní Evropĕ: 19. a 20. století. (Agrarianism in Central and Eastern Europe: Nineteenth and Twentieth Century). Prague: Centrum středoevropských studií, 2015, 355 pp. By Mary Hrabík Šámal 137 Miroslav Vaněk and Pavel Mücke. Velvet Revolutions: An Oral History of Czech Society. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016. ISBN: 978-0-19- 934272-3, 242 pp. By David Aitken 140 Contributors 143 Advice to Prospective Authors 146 iv From the Editor Hugh L. Agnew The volume you hold in your hands represents the emergence from a time of uncertainty and some turbulence for Kosmas. As any regular reader knows, the journal experienced an interregnum of editors a few years ago, with the result that the publication of Kosmas fell behind the actual calendar. After I stepped into the breach to try to preserve the journal and continue publication, we still failed in bridging that gap. In addition, Kosmas and its parent organization, the Society for Arts and Sciences–SVU, were experiencing the same issues that all scholarly journals, whether large or small, richly supported by endowments or surviving on subscriptions, face in an age of rapidly changing technology and delivery systems for information. In the end, the SVU adopted a different method of printing and distributing Kosmas that should enable all interested readers to receive the journal conveniently, securely, and regularly without the expenses of printing an uncertain number of hard copies to be distributed via pre-paid subscriptions. The editorial staff of Kosmas and the Executive Board of SVU warmly appreciate the continued interest and support for the journal that have been expressed by so many of you. As we emerge on a new footing, we are starting a new series of Kosmas, leaving the title and purposes of the journal unchanged. This volume, therefore, will be numbered as New Series, Volume I, Number 1 (Spring, 2018). We will continue to publish 2 issues per year. New issues of Kosmas (and selected back issues) will be available in future at the SVU website in popular eBook formats or as hard copy through a print-on-demand system. For further information about Kosmas, including contents of back issues and how to get your copy of the current and future issues, please consult the SVU website at https://www.svu2000.org/ publishing/, where you will find links to Zprávy (the SVU newsletter), Kosmas, and other publications, as well as the link to the Bookstore where they can be ordered. Despite the challenges of these times, it has been reassuring that Kosmas continues to receive inquiries about contributing articles. With its wide-ranging focus, the journal provides a home for varied and diverse sorts of articles, as this issue reflects. The contributions for this number range from scholarly articles with historical focus, to a memoir, and an essay on a major event in Czech history that is also a reflection on “public history” and how it works in our contemporary society. Long-time friend of and contributor to Kosmas, Zdeněk V. David, continues his detailed exploration of the sources of T. G. Masaryk’s philosophy and general intellectual outlook, this time tracing the influences of two less familiar philosophers, Friedrich Lange and Henry Lewes. Brothers William and James Peterson (the former a performing musician and musicologist, the latter a political scientist) contribute a detailed analysis of the musical settings of the poems by Rudolf Medek dealing with the Battle of Zborov (July 1-2, 1917, part of the Kerensky Offensive that marked the last gasp of the Imperial Russian army), set against the backdrop of the formation of the Czech-Slovak Legion and its v participation in the First World War on the Eastern front, as well as its attempt to return to the Western front or, when the war ended, to its newly-created homeland. Daniel Miller explores a fascinating byway of the story of the emergence of independent Czechoslovakia, looking at how the population of the (still relatively rural) northwestern part of the state of Florida might have received news and information about the development of the war, the activities of the Czechoslovak National Committee, and eventual Czechoslovak independence. The second half of Jaroslav Rokoský’s study of the election of Edvard Beneš to succeed Masaryk as President of Czechoslovakia (the first half appeared in Kosmas, Vol. 29, No. 1 (Fall, 2015): 1-17), completes his detailed account of the political wheeling and dealing that led to Beneš succeeding his colleague and mentor in 1935. This also closes the “Articles” section of this issue. Next, Kosmas Associate Editor Mary Hrabík Šámal shares with us the first part of her father’s memoir of his wartime experience with arrest, detention, trial and imprisonment at the hands of the Nazis. We look forward eventually to publishing the remainder of this important source, and of course would be happy to consider other memoir contributions, since preserving these first-hand accounts of historical events is an important service Kosmas can provide to our readers. Hrabík’s memoir is followed by an essay by a newcomer to the pages of Kosmas, Kateina Královἠwho reflects on the public history installation erected in Prague in 2017 for the anniversary of the assassination of Reichsprotektor Reinhard Heydrich. Finally, Miloslav Rechcigl, Jr., surveys the contribution of US women of Czech/Bohemian/Moravian heritage in the higher professions, continuing his series of genealogical reference pieces. Four book reviews round out the journal’s contents. As editor, I would like to note that Mila Šašková-Pierce’s contribution was scheduled to appear in the previous issue, but by my error it was left out. I am glad to be able to include it in this volume. We also welcome another newcomer to our pages in David Aitken, while Tracy Burns and Mary Hrabík Šámal will be well-known to our regular readers. Looking forward to a year filled with anniversary remembrances of the many significant “Řs” in Czech, Slovak and Central European history, we hope that the next issue of Kosmas (Fall, 2018) will be able to include some of the rich reflections such moments provide. vi ARTICLES Two Progenitors of Masaryk’s Philosophy: Friedrich A. Lange and Henry G. Lewes Zdenĕk V. David The crucial issue in Masaryk’s philosophical teaching was the juxtaposition of idealism and empiricism, which had a seminal effect on his approach to politics. In politics, the monistic ontology of idealism tended to promote collectivism, while the pluralistic assumptions of empiricism favored individualism.