ThePorphyrinHandbook Editors KarlM.Kadish DepartmentofChemistry UniversityofHouston Houston,Texas KevinM.Smith DepartmentofChemistry LouisianaStateUniversity BatonRouge,Louisiana RogerGuilard Faculte´desSciencesGabriel Universite´deBourgogne Dijon,France AmsterdamÁBostonÁLondonÁNewYorkÁOxfordÁParis SanDiegoÁSanFranciscoÁSingaporeÁSydneyÁTokyo Preface (vol 1-10) The broadly de®ned porphyrin research area is one of the this is a data-intensive ®eld, and we believe that compilation most exciting, stimulating and rewarding for scientists in the of relevant data should be useful to investigators. We have ®elds of chemistry, physics, biology and medicine. The attempted to ensure that every chapter was written by the beautifully constructed porphyrinoid ligand, perfected over currently acknowledged expert in the ®eld, and very early on the course of evolution, provides the chromophore for a we had in our hands no less than sixty-nine signed contracts multitude of iron, magnesium, cobalt and nickel complexes for chapters. With the fullness of time, and as deadlines for which are primary metabolites and without which life itself Handbook chapter submission and other essential activities could not be maintained. (e.g., research proposal renewals) converged, some of our Falk's book, Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins, pub- authors had to withdraw. On occasion we were able to lished in 1962, was a fairly thin volume which represented recruit new authors who, with only a month or less of lead the ®rst attempt to apply the principles of modern chemistry time, were able to ®ll these gaps and come up with and physics to the structure and function of porphyrin authoritative and high-quality chapters. Whereas we wish to systems. By 1975, the time when a single author could write thank all of our authors for their wonderful contributions authoritatively on this ®eld was past; one of us (K.M.S.) and for the way that they honored their contractual managed to shoehorn the ®eld into one volume, but the new agreements to contribute, we do particularly want to thank version of Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins (1975) needed those who stepped up to bat at crisis time and came through to be a multiauthored volume. The ®eld was spreading for usÐyou know who you are! In the end, we have rapidly in every direction across the whole spectrum of assembled sixty-one chapters divided to provide ten science Ðfar beyond the ability of one person to describe it. separate volumes. We regretted the loss of the absent The present Handbook follows an unavoidable trend chapters, but coverage is so thorough that we believe that (e.g., Dolphin's The Porphyrins, 1978±79) in that it is a only the editors really know what is missing! multivolume edited set. But no longer is it possible for only The manuscript deadline for the Handbook was October one editor to coordinate such an endeavor. The three of us 1998. Readers can expect critical or comprehensive cover- have contributed individually to the expansion of our age only up to that date. Nevertheless, numerous authors ®eld Ðat the time of writing, we have in our careers continued to add new material to their submitted chapters as published among us more than 1,220 papers. Our areas of time went by (even up to the page-proof stage), and others expertise are complementary, being in physical chemistry, (including two of us who were otherwise engaged with organic chemistry and organometallic /coordination chem- editing) were granted extensions to the deadline which istry. The formative days of this project were spent in Dijon, stretched into 1999. As a result, many chapters contain France, where two of us have been honored by the third by literature citations from 1999, but the end of 1998 is most being annually appointed, over more than a decade, as likely a better benchmark for coverage. For a project as visiting professors at the Universite de Bourgogne. There, large as this, we considered that publication within twelve one summer, we put together the pathway for this endeavor months of the ®rm manuscript deadline would be a and began testing the waters by inviting some of the world's creditable target; this has been accomplished and we wish best porphyrin scientists to contribute to a putative new to thank the publisher, production editors and typesetters for series of books on porphyrins which we told them we were enabling us to achieve our aim. But above all, of course, we planning to compile. Had we been unsuccessful in obtaining must thank our army of contributors for their cooperation support from those we initially contacted, the project would and attention. Toward the end, the e-mail instructions, probably have ended there and then. But such was not the reminders, pleas, demands and occasional threats ¯ew fast case, and we received encouragement and informal agree- and furious, but everyoneÐ to a personÐ cooperated. As ments to contribute from the ®rst twenty or so experts that editors, we asked each of the authors to write a manuscript we contacted from Dijon in just the ®rst few days. which would be de®nitive in this ®eld for ®fteen years to The resulting Handbook is divided into ten volumes. It come, and we believe that most of them, if not all, rose to progresses through synthesis and organic chemistry of por- this challenge. Time will tell. phyrins, heteroporphyrins and expanded porphyrins, to Enjoy! inorganic and coordination chemistry, and then through biochemistry and spectroscopy, to applications and theore- Karl M. Kadish, Houston tical, physical and electrochemical characterization. It is Kevin M. Smith, Davis important to note that the last two volumes contain collec- Roger Guilard, Dijon tions of structural, electrochemical and equilibrium data; September, 1999 xi Preface (vol 11-20) Volumes 1–10 of The Porphyrin Handbook were first solidations were taking place in the publishing sector, published in late 1999 and met with resounding and the new set of volumes would be published by international acclaim. After only two months on the Elsevier. shelves, our publisher, Academic Press, was awarded the Our sequel, in ten more volumes (11–20), builds upon 1999 Chemistry award by the Professional and Scholarly the first published set of works by extending its Publishing Division of the American Association of authoritative treatise of the tetrapyrroles. We have Publishers, Inc.; this honor recognized The Porphyrin moved on from synthesis, chemistry, spectroscopy and Handbook as the ‘‘best chemistry book of the year.’’ At applications of porphyrins to address, in depth, many that time we, the three editors, began receiving calls and of the sub-fields not covered in the first treatise requests from our colleagues and our Academic Press (Volumes 1–10). To be sure, there were still some publisher to ‘‘expand the work and fill in the gaps’’ so as loose ends, but we believe that our plan was fairly to assemble the best ever up-to-date compendium of comprehensive. New topics this time include biology every possible aspect of the field of porphyrins, other and medical implications of porphyrin systems, the tetrapyrroles, and related macrocycles. biosynthesis of porphyrins, chlorophylls and vitamin Shortly after publication of the first ten volumes of B12. Other areas covered include clinical and biochem- The Porphyrin Handbook, the First International ical aspects of genetically transmitted or drug induced Conference on Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines diseases associated with errors in heme metabolism, as (ICPP-1) took place in Dijon, France (June 2000), well as the transformation of hemes into bile pigments, hosted by one of the three editors of the Handbook. At the organic synthesis of bilins, recent work on phyto- that major international event, the Society of Porphyrins chrome and the pathways of degradation of chlorophyll and Phthalocyanines (SPP) was created, and in early in senescent plants. In addition, Volumes 11–20 address 2002 our fledgling SPP took over publication of the every aspect of the synthesis, chemistry, structure and Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines (JPP) from spectroscopy of phthalocyanines. John Wiley & Sons, with one of the three Handbook Our 61 chapters (coincidentally the same number of editors serving as Editor-in-Chief. At ICPP-2 in Kyoto, chapters as in the 1–10 set of volumes) are once again Japan (July 2002), it became abundantly clear that The written by internationally recognized experts and we Porphyrin Handbook, Volumes 1–10, was serving well were particularly gratified by two organizational our community of research scientists. This applied aspects; firstly, we received almost no rejections of our equally to our society (SPP) and journal (JPP), which requests for chapters, and secondly, almost all of our are incrementally enhancing the international visibility contracted authors provided us with chapters in a timely of our field. Our new series of Handbook volumes (11– manner which, we believe, are as good in quality, or 20) and the continuation of our popular international even better, than those in the first ten volumes. Indeed, conference series (ICPP-3, to be held in New Orleans, once again we believe that our contributors have USA, in 2004) each in their own way will contribute produced research articles that will be dominant in further to the scientific enrichment of the porphyrin and their specific areas for another fifteen years. phthalocyanine research areas. We sincerely hope that our readers will appreciate this However, even before publication of Volumes 1–10, new treatise as much as they liked our first venture. The we were becoming aware of the great interest and tetrapyrrole field continues to expand into new areas and excitement about the treatise from our real audience, to gather new recruits and converts. We think that having the scientists, clinicians, and engineers working in our the research field available at ones’ fingertips (even if it field – ‘‘you won’t be covering biology or biosynthesis, comprises twenty volumes) is a wonderful thing, and this let’s have Volume 11 soon’’ – ‘‘what about phthalocya- can only serve to facilitate future expansion while at the nines? They’re (tetraazatetrabenzo)porphyrins too!’’ same time recording our field’s rich history.