CleanSeaNet: The EU satellite service for monitoring and surveillance of illegal oil discharges 1 23 January 2008 SeaSAR 2008, ESA - ESRIN Samuel Djavidnia European Maritime Safety Agency [email protected] Outline • Legal basis • CleanSeaNet: scope & benefits • CleanSeaNet service cycle • CleanSeaNet results & statistics • Examples: routine monitoring / emergencies 2 • CleanSeaNet within the international context (cooperation) • Future service development Legal basis Mandated by Directive 2005/35/EC of 7 September 2005 on Ship-source pollution and on the introduction of penalties for infringements (entered into force on 1 March 2007) Article 10 3 Accompanying measures 2. In accordance with its tasks as defined in Regulation (EC) No 1406/2002, the European Maritime Safety Agency shall: (a) work with the Member States in developing technical solutions and providing technical assistance in relation to the implementation of this Directive, in actions such as tracing discharges by satellite monitoring and surveillance; (b) assist the Commission in the implementation of this Directive, including, if appropriate, by means of visits to the Member States, in accordance with Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 1406/2002. Scope & benefits of EMSA satellite service • European system for detecting oil slicks at sea using satellite surveillance on request of the Commission and all EU and EFTA. • Links into national/regional response chain & strengthens operational pollution surveillance & response for accidental spills: ¾ Routine monitoring of European seas for illegal discharges in co- operation with Coastal States; ¾ Support in case of an accidental spill; 4 ¾ Investigation of pollution ‘hot spots’ and development of statistics. • Sustainability • Cost Sharing ¾ Reduced price for a large amount of images • Cooperation ¾ Mutual benefits for coastal states ¾ Sharing of images and aerial surveillance • European standardised service ¾ All European waters: comprehensive information & easy to compare Service cycle: CleanSeaNet: step by step • 1. Defining Member State coverage requirements (area[s] of interest, frequency, etc); • 2. Planning and ordering of satellite data; 5 • 3. Data acquisition and processing; • 4. Alerting & Data dissemination • 5. National/Regional verification of possible slicks and feedback to EMSA; • 6. Quality checking; • 7. Post-processing CleanSeaNet users • 23 Coastal States are currently part of the CleanSeaNet service: ¾ Baltic Sea: FI, SE, EE, LV, LT, PL, DK, DE ¾ North Sea: DE, DK, NO, UK, NL, BE ¾ Atlantic: UK, IE, FR, ES, PT 6 ¾ Black Sea: BG, RO ¾ Mediterranean Sea: ES, FR, IT, SI, MT, CY, EL ¾ NW Atlantic: UK ¾ Norway North: NO CleanSeaNet EU Coverage requirements 7 Service cycle: CleanSeaNet: step by step • 1. Defining Member State coverage requirements (area[s] of interest, frequency, etc); • 2. Planning and ordering of satellite data; 8 • 3. Data acquisition and processing; • 4. Alerting & Data dissemination • 5. National/Regional verification of possible slicks and feedback to EMSA; • 6. Quality checking; • 7. Post-processing Synthetic Aperture Radar – SAR Image • Satellite in use: ¾ ENVISAT ¾ RADARSAT (1+2) ¾ (ERS2) • Future missions: 9 ¾ ALOS ¾ TerraSAR ¾ Cosmo-Skymed ¾ Sentinel 1a… Satellite maximum service area Coverage of each point 1.6 ENVISAT 1.4 1.2 y RADARSAT 1/2 1 10 ScanSAR 0.8 Narrow 0.6 RADARSAT 1/2 0.4 ScanSAR Wide Frequency perda 0.2 0 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 Latitude CleanSeaNet EU Planned Images 11 Service cycle: CleanSeaNet: step by step • 1. Defining Member State coverage requirements (area[s] of interest, frequency, etc); • 2. Planning and ordering of satellite data; • 3. Data acquisition and processing; 12 • 4. Alerting & Data dissemination • 5. National/Regional verification of possible slicks and feedback to EMSA; • 6. Quality checking; • 7. Post-processing CleanSeaNet: network Svalbard Tromsø Grimstad 13 Fucino Benevento Matera Azores (from 2008) CSN Processing & Oil Analysis • ENV & RS1 Raw data -> L0 -> L1 16 bits ¾ ENV WideSwath: 400x400km, 150m resolution ¾ RS1 ScanSAR Narrow: 300x300km, 75m resolution • Wind & wave processing: SARTooL • AIS Integration 14 • (Vessel detection) • Oil analysis: visual / semi-automatic technique (Tromso-KSAT, Matera-Telespazio and Lisbon-Edisoft) Service cycle: CleanSeaNet: step by step • 1. Defining Member State coverage requirements (area[s] of interest, frequency, etc); • 2. Planning and ordering of satellite data; • 3. Data acquisition and processing; 15 • 4. Alerting & Data dissemination • 5. National/Regional verification of possible slicks and feedback to EMSA; • 6. Quality checking; • 7. Post-processing CSN product CleanSeaNet service Alert Notification by email, Tel, SMS, to the responsible Coastal State and neighbouring countries; Oil report for oil spill detected & clean sea Web browser Low res SAR image, oil report, wind, wave, AIS, plus other layers 16 Database EMSA keeps all information (geotiff high & low res, xml, gml and verification response included, in a database for: - supporting Member States collecting evidence - producing statistics Within 30 min after satellite overpass (penalties for satellite operators after 30 min) CSN Web Portal 17 18 Service cycle: CleanSeaNet: step by step • 1. Defining Member State coverage requirements (area[s] of interest, frequency, etc); • 2. Planning and ordering of satellite data; • 3. Data acquisition and processing; 19 • 4. Alerting & Data dissemination • 5. National/Regional verification of possible slicks and feedback to EMSA; • 6. Quality checking; • 7. Post-processing Feedback & verification Italian Coastguard aerial verification EMSA CleanSeaNet RADARSAT-1 2007-10-07 20 Oil spills ©MDA/CSA/EMSA 2007 Service cycle: CleanSeaNet: step by step • 1. Defining Member State coverage requirements (area[s] of interest, frequency, etc); • 2. Planning and ordering of satellite data; • 3. Data acquisition and processing; 21 • 4. Alerting & Data dissemination • 5. National/Regional verification of possible slicks and feedback to EMSA; • 6. Quality checking; ¾ Timeliness ¾ Completeness ¾ Quality • 7. Post-processing Service cycle: CleanSeaNet: step by step • 1. Defining Member State coverage requirements (area[s] of interest, frequency, etc); • 2. Planning and ordering of satellite data; • 3. Data acquisition and processing; 22 • 4. Alerting & Data dissemination • 5. National/Regional verification of possible slicks and feedback to EMSA; • 6. Quality checking; • 7. Post-processing Post processing • Emergency management, support & reporting (e.g. Kerch Strait); • Mapping & integration with ancillary data: ¾ Navigation data ¾ Optical r/s data ¾ Ocean colour ¾ SST 23 • Analyse datasets, perform statistics and disseminate reports to EC, EU bodies and MS CSN image ordering per region 450 Special Events, 63 NW Atlantic, 74 400 Atlantic, 241 Norway North, 49 350 300 250North Sea, 244 24 200 150 100 Baltic Sea, 429 50 Med West, 131 0 Norway Special Atlantic Baltic Sea Black Sea Med East Med Mid Med West North Sea NW Atlantic Med Mid, 53 North Events Envisat 133 231 8 122 15 68 135 49 74 30 Radarsat-1 108 198 8 101 38 63Black 109 Sea, 16 0 0 33 Med East, 223 Allocation of images 400 350 300 250 200 150 215 100 81 108 50 Source ENV 140 0 RS1 141 218 Total Belgium Ordered 860 Cyprus 660 Denmark 80 1520 Allocated Estonia 116 1609 Finland 1118 159 France 2727 Ratio Germany 33 1.87 1.70 Greece 36 111 1.79 Ireland Italy 118 Latvia 369 16 Lithuania 81 100 289 Malta 218 Netherlands Norway 29 Poland 25 16 16 Portugal Romania Slovenia Spain Sweden UK CSN EU oil spill verifications 2007 Detected 1732 Checked detections 27% Checked 476 Checked confirmed 30% Confirmed 144 26 CleanSeaNet Examples (i) 27 EMSA CleanSeaNet RADARSAT-1 2007-10-07 03:52 UTC CleanSeaNet Examples (ii) Confirmed oill spill off the coast of Catalunya EMSA CleanSeaNet ENVISAT-ASAR 2007-11-22 09:58 UTC Low wind area 28 18km Possible polluter vessel © ESA (European Space Agency) /EMSA 2007 CleanSeaNet Operational Support - Emergencies: New Flame To monitor the New Flame incident, 9 scenes were specifically ordered between 5 and 20 September 2007: -6 ENVISAT - 3 RADARSAT1 29 EMSA issued CleanSeaNet briefings to the Spanish Authorities (SASEMAR), to DG ENV (MIC) and DG TREN CSN: the international institutional context • Development of the service: ¾ European Space Agency (ESA): MARCOAST, Data Access ¾ Joint Research Centre (JRC - European Commission) • Operational cooperation (emergency): 30 ¾ MIC, DG Environment, European Commission ¾ International Charter on Space and Major Disasters – The ‘Charter’ is a mechanism to co-ordinate space based data acquisition and delivery to those affected by a natural or man made disaster anywhere in the world (earthquakes, floods, fires..) – Charter Members –CSA, CNES, ESA, NOAA, JAXA, ISRO… – In the case of a large oil spill in European waters, EMSA will be the focal point for producing Charter Products Improvement & further developments of CSN: Cooperation with JRC • JRC provides R&D support to EMSA related to oil pollution and is currently developing: ¾ Fully automatic oil spill identification system ¾ Study on the operational use of optical imagery (MODIS) for 31 oil spill detection ¾ Environmental ancillary probability maps as an overlay to CleanSeaNet products Several MODIS products showing algae blooms Source: http://spg.ucsd.edu/ CleanSeaNet: service development • In-house capability of combination with AIS (SRIT) (2008). AIS Mediterranean regional server • Capability of forecasting