Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (EIA/SIA) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for Port & IWT components of Kaladan Multi-modal Transit Transport Project Prepared by MyAsia Consulting Co Ltd, 41, Nawaday Street, Yangon, Myanmar. KMTT Project EIA/SIA Study Report and EMP 1 0.1 Contents Serial No Topic Page 0.1 Contents 2 0.2 Abbreviations and Acronyms 4 1.0 Executive summary (Myanmar Language Version) 6 1.0 Executive Summary (English Language Version) 15 2.0 Introduction 20 2.1 Presentation of the Project Concept 20 2.2 Related Projects and development 20 2.3 Presentation of the Project proponent & EIA Consultants 22 2.4 Presentation of Associated Organisations-Laboratories 23 2.5 Presentation of the health impacts and expert 24 3.0 Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework 25 3.1 Corporate, Environmental and Social Policies 25 3.2 Policy & Legal Framework in Myanmar 25 3.3 Contractual and other commitments 26 3.4 Institutional framework in Myanmar 26 3.5 Project’s Environmental and Social Standards 27 3.6 Health Standards for Project with health Impacts 27 4.0 Project Description and Alternatives Selection 28 4.1 Project Rationale & Background 28 4.2 Project Location, overview map and site layout 29 4.3 Project Development and Implementation time schedules 32 4.4 Description of the Project size, installations and technology 33 4.5 Description of the selected alternative in phases 44 4.6 Comparison and selection of alternative 49 5.0 Description of the Surrounding Environment 51 5.1 Setting the study limits 51 5.2 Methodology and Objectives 51 5.3 Public Administration and planning 57 5.4 Legally protected National, Regional or state areas 58 5.5 Physical Components 60 5.6 Biological Components 74 5.7 Infrastructure and Services 84 5.8 Socio-economic components 85 5.9 Public Health components 95 5.10 Cultural Components 97 5.11 Visual components 98 6.0 Impact and Risk Assessment, and Mitigation Measures 99 6.1 Impact Assessment and Methodology 99 6.2 Potential Project Impacts by phases 108 6.3 Bio-Physical Impacts 133 6.4 Social Impacts 136 6.5 Cultural Impacts 147 6.6 Visual Impacts 149 KMTT Project EIA/SIA Study Report and EMP 2 7.0 Cumulative Impact Assessment 151 7.1 Methodology and approach 151 7.2 Cumulative Impact Assessment 151 8.0 Environmental Management Plan 153 8.1 Project Description by phases 153 8.2 Project’s Environmental & socio economic impacts 153 8.3 Summary of Impacts and mitigating measures 155 8.4 Overall budget for Implementation of EMPs 156 8.5 Management and Monitoring Plans 157 8.6 Management plan-Formats and checklists 158 8.7 Emergency preparedness and response Plan 186 8.8 Public consultation, awareness and Disclosure 192 9.0 Public Consultation and Disclosure 193 9.1 Overview, Methodology and Approach 193 9.2 Summary of Public Consultations 193 9.3 Results of consultations 196 9.4 Further On going consultations 201 9.5 Disclosure 201 10.0 Conclusions and Recommendations 202 Appendix-A Current Status of the Construction phase 203 Appendix-B Profile of Specialists 213 KMTT Project EIA/SIA Study Report and EMP 3 0.2 Abbreviations & Acronyms °C Degree Celsius APHA American Public Health Association ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations NH3 Ammonia BOD Biological Oxygen demand CDM Clean Development Mechanism CNF Chin National Front CPR Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation CO Carbon Monoxide CO2 Carbon Dioxide COD Chemical Oxygen demand CSR Corporate Social Responsibility dB Decibel DGPS Differential global positioning system DMH Department of Meteorology and Hydrology DO Dissolved Oxygen DPR Detail Project report DIWR Department of Irrigation and Water Resources DWT Dead Weight Tonnes EAV Exposure Action Value ECD Environmental conservation department EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental management Plan ELV Exposure Limit Value FAO Food and Agricultural Organisation FSSAI Food Safety and Standards Authority of India Ha Hector ICUN International Union for Conservation of Nature IFC International Finance Corporation ILO International Labour Organisation IMO International Maritime Organisation IPCC Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change ISO International Organisation for Standardisation IWAI Inland water Authority of India IWT Inland Water Transport km Kilo Metre Km/hr Kilo Metre per hour KMTT Kaladan Multimodal Transit Transport KL Kilo Litre kV Kilo Volt kVA Kilo Volt Ampere kWhr Kilo Watt hour LDC Least Developed Countries m Metre m/s2 Metre per square second KMTT Project EIA/SIA Study Report and EMP 4 MEA Ministry of External Affairs Mg/Nm3 Milli Gram per Normal cubic Metre Mg/l Milli gram per litre MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster survey MJ Mega Joule ml Milli litre MWhr Mega Watt Hour MNPG Myanmar National Power Grid MOECAF Ministry of Environmental Conservation & Forestry MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest MOT Ministry of Transport MPA Myanma Port Authority MSL Mean Sea Level NA Not Applicable NABET National Accreditation board for Education and Training NABL National Accreditation Board for Laboratories NDL Not at Detectable level NRHM National Rural Health Mission NIO National Institute of Oceanography NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit OHSAS Occupational Health & Safety Accreditation Series OPS Onshore Power Supply PDC Project Development Consultant PM Particulate Matter PPE Personal protective Equipment ppm Parts per million RNDP Rakhine Nationalities Development Party SEZ Special economic zones SIA Social Impact Assessment SU Standard Unit tCO2e Tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent TJ Terra Joules TSHD Trailing Suction Hopper Dredgers TSS Total Suspended solids UNDP United Nations Development Program UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention for Climate change UNICEF United Nations International Children’s emergency Fund US-EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency USCS Unified soil classification system UXO Unexploded Ordinance WHO World Health Organisation WMO World Meteorological Organisation WWF World wildlife Fund KMTT Project EIA/SIA Study Report and EMP 5 Executive Summary (Myanmar) အက်ဥ္းခ်ဳပ္တင္ျပခ်က္ ၁။ အိႏၵိယႏုိင္ငံအစုိးရသည္ ျပည္ေထာင္စုျမန္မာႏုိ္င္ငံေတာ္အစုိးရႏွင့္ မူေဘာင္ပါ၀င္ေသာ သေဘာ တူညီခ်က္တစ္ရပ္ လက္မွတ္ေရးထုိးခဲ့ၿပီး စစ္ေတြဆိပ္ကမ္းမွ ပလက္၀ၿမိဳ႕သုိ႔ ကုလားတန္ျမစ္ေၾကာင္းအတုိင္း ကုန္းတြင္းေရလမ္းေဖာက္လုပ္ျခင္း၊ ပလက္၀မွ အႏိၵိယ-ျမန္မာ မီဇုိရမ္သုိ႔ ကားလမ္းေဖာက္လုပ္ျခင္းတုိ႔ ပါ၀င္ေသာ “ကုလားတန္ဘက္စုံ တဆင့္ခံပုိ႔ေဆာင္ေရးစနစ္” အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္ရန္ ေဆာင္ရြက္ခဲ့ ပါသည္။ အဆုိပါ “ကုလားတန္ဘက္စုံတဆင့္ခံသယ္ယူပုိ႔ေဆာင္ေရး” Kaladan Multimodal transit Transport (KMTT) စီမံကိန္းသည္ ျမန္မာႏွင့္အိႏၵိယႏွစ္ႏုိင္ငံပူးေပါင္း အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္မည့္ က်ယ္ျပန္႔ေသာျမစ္ေၾကာင္း ဖြင့္ၿဖိဳးတုိးတက္ေသာစီမံကိန္း၏ တစ္စိတ္တစ္ေဒသျဖစ္ၿပီး၊ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ စစ္ေတြၿမိဳ႕ ႏွင့္ အေရွ႕အိႏၵိယရိွ ကာလကတားၿမိဳ႕တို႕ကုိ ပင္လယ္ေရေၾကာင္းလမ္းျဖင့္ခ်ိတ္ဆက္ကာ စစ္ေတြႏွင့္ မီဇုိရမ္ကုိ ျမစ္ေၾကာင္းႏွင့္ ကားလမ္းမ်ားျဖင့္ ခ်ိတ္ဆက္ရန္ရည္ရြယ္ပါသည္။ ၂။ စီမံကိန္းတြင္အက်ံဳး၀င္သည့္ ကုန္းတြင္းေရေၾကာင္းလမ္းမ်ားႏွင့္ ဆိပ္ခံမ်ားေဆာက္လုပ္ျခင္း လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားအား အိႏၵိယအစုိးရ၊ ျပည္ပေရးရာ၀န္ႀကီးဌာန၏ ေစခုိင္းခ်က္အရ အိႏိၵိအစုိးရလက္ေအာက္ခံ ပင္လယ္ကူးသေဘၤာ၀န္ႀကီးဌာန (Ministry of Shipping) ကုန္းတြင္းေရးေၾကာင္းအာဏာပုိင္ (IWAI) က စီမံကိန္းဖံြ႕ၿဖိဳးတုိးတက္ေရး အတုိင္ပင္ခံဌာနအျဖစ္ ေဆာင္ရြက္ေစခဲ့ပါသည္။ လုပ္ငန္းအေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္ ေဆာင္ရြက္သည့္ ကန္ထ႐ိုက္တာအိႏၵိယႏုိင္ငံ အစုိးရျပည္ပေရးရာ၀န္ႀကီးဌာန၊ ဤစီမံကိန္းေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္ေပၚလာႏိုင္သည့္ ပတ္၀န္းက်င္ထိခုိက္မႈႏွင့္ လူမႈစီးပြားထိခုိက္မႈအေပၚဆန္းစစ္ၿပီး လုပ္ငန္းလုပ္ကုိင္ရန္ အတြက္ MyAsia Consulting Co., Ltd. အား အပ္ႏွံလုပ္ကုိင္ေစခဲ့ပါသည္။ ၃။ လက္ရိွကုလားတန္ျမစ္ေၾကာင္းအတြင္း သယ္ယူပုိ႔ေဆာင္ေရးလုပ္ငန္းအေျခအေနသည္ အျမင့္ဆုံး အသုံးျပဳႏုိင္သည့္ ေရအားကုိ ေရာက္ရိွျခင္းမရိွေသးသျဖင့္ ျမစ္ေၾကာင္းကုိ ဖံြ႔ၿဖိဳးတုိးတက္ေအာင္ ေဆာင္ရြက္ ႏုိင္ပါက ျမစ္ကမ္းနားပတ္၀န္းက်င္ရိွ ၿမိဳ႕မ်ားႏွင့္ ေဒသခံျပည္သူမ်ား၏ စီးပြားေရးႏွင့္ လုပ္ငန္းအဆင့္ အတန္းမ်ား ပုိမုိတုိးတက္ေျပာင္းလဲႏုိင္ေၾကာင္း ေတြ႔ရပါသည္။ စီမံကိန္းနယ္ေျမသည္ ရခုိင္ျပည္နယ္အျပင္ ဆက္သြယ္ေရးညံ့ဖ်င္းေသာ၊ ျမစ္ေၾကာင္းသြားလာေရး အေျခခံအေဆာက္အဦမ်ား နည္းပါးေနေသာ၊ ဆင္းရဲမဲြေတမႈႏွင့္ လူမႈေရး၊ ပညာေရး၊ က်န္းမာေရး ဘက္စုံနိမ့္က်ေနေသာ ခ်င္းျပည္နယ္တုိ႔တြင္ ပါ၀င္လွ်က္ရိွပါသည္။ ၄။ KMTT စီမံကိန္း၏ အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္မည့္လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားတြင္ တန္ ၆၀၀၀ ေရယာဥ္မ်ား ဆုိက္ကပ္ႏုိင္ေသာ ေရနက္ဆိပ္ကမ္းတည္ေဆာက္ျခင္း (ေနာင္တြင္ တန္ ၂၀၀၀၀ ေရယာဥ္မ်ား ဆုိက္ကပ္ KMTT Project EIA/SIA Study Report and EMP 6 ႏုိင္ရန္ ဒီဇုိင္းျပဳလုပ္ထားသည္)၊ ကုန္းတြင္းသြားေရယာဥ္မ်ားဆုိက္ကပ္ႏုိင္ေသာ ဆိပ္ခံတံတား (၂)စင္းကုိ ပလက္၀ႏွင့္ စစ္ေတြၿမိဳ႕ တြင္တည္ေဆာက္ျခင္း၊ အဆုိပါဆိပ္ခံတံတား (၂)ခုၾကား ေရေၾကာင္းလမ္းအား ဖြံ႔ၿဖိဳး တုိးတက္ေအာင္ေဆာက္ရြက္ျခင္းႏွင့္ ဆိပ္ခံတံတား(၂)ခုၾကား ေျပးဆဲြေပးမည့္ တန္ ၃၀၀၀ ၾကားေရယာဥ္ (barges) ၆-စင္း တည္ေဆာက္လဲႊေျပာင္းေပးျခင္းတုိ႔ပါ၀င္ပါသည္။ စီမံကိန္းတည္ေဆာက္အေကာင္ အထည္ေဖာ္ရာတြင္ ေရေၾကာင္းလမ္းဖံြ႔ၿဖိဳးတုိးတက္ေစရန္ ေဘာင္တူးျခင္း၊ ဆိပ္ခံတံတားႏွင့္ ဆိပ္ကမ္း အေဆာက္အဦမ်ားတည္ေဆာက္ရန္ ေျမသားလုပ္ငန္းမ်ားေဆာင္ရြက္ျခင္း၊ ကုလားတန္ျမစ္အား တစ္ႏွစ္ ပတ္လုံး အသုံးျပဳႏုိင္ေစရန္ ၄-ေနရာတြင္ ေဘာင္တူးလုပ္ငန္းေဆာင္ရြက္ျခင္းႏွင့္ ပလက္၀တြင္ ဆိပ္ခံ တံတားႏွင့္ ဆိပ္ကမ္းအေဆာက္အဦမ်ား တည္ေဆာက္ျခင္းလုပ္ငန္းမ်ား ပါ၀င္ပါသည္။ ၅။ အဆုိပါစီမံကိန္းအား ၂၀၁၀ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ စတင္ခဲ့သျဖင့္ “စီမံကိန္းမ်ားမစတင္မီွ ပတ္၀န္းက်င္ထိခုိက္မႈ စမ္းစစ္ျခင္း (EIA) ႏွင့္ လူမႈ႔စီးပြားဘ၀ထိခုိက္မႈစမ္းစစ္ျခင္း (SIA) မ်ားအားတင္ျပရန္” ဟူေသာ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံပတ္၀န္းက်င္ထိမ္းသိန္း ေရးဦးစီးဌာန (ECD) ၏ ၂၀၁၂ ပတ္၀န္းက်င္ထိန္းသိမ္းေရးဥပေဒသစ္ မထုတ္ျပန္မီွ ေဆာင္ရြက္ခဲ့သည္ဟု ဆုိႏုိင္ပါသည္။ သုိ႔ေသာ္လည္း စီမံကိန္းေဆာင္ရြက္သူ (Developer) ႏွင့္ ေဆာက္လုပ္ေရးလုပ္ငန္းမ်ားေဆာင္ရြက္သည့္ ကန္ထ႐ုိက္တာမ်ားသည္ ျမန္မာ့အစုိးရမွ ဖဲြ႔စည္း ေပးေသာ လုပ္ငန္းေကာ္မတီထံ လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားတုိးခ်ဲ႕ ေဆာင္ရြက္မႈအဆင့္ဆင့္ႏွင့္ ေဆာက္လုပ္ေရးလုပ္ငန္း ေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္ေပၚလာႏိုင္သည့္ ပတ္၀န္းက်င္ဆုိင္ရာ