Southand SoutheastAsia 233 QUICKREVIEW 6. \Which of the following is true of Akbart reign in India? 1. In sixteenth-centuryIndia, the Delhi I. He completedthe Mughal conquest Sultanategave way to which government? of India. II. He improved Indiat tax codeand legal (A) the Gupta Empire system. (B) the SrivijayanKingdom III. He pursueda policy of religious (C) Frenchrule tolerance. (D) t}re Mughal Empire IV. He married a Hindu princess. (E) British rule (A) I, II, and III 2.The founder of the Mughal Empire was (B) II, III, and IV (C) I and IV only (A) Aurangzeb. (D) II and III only (B) Babur. (E) all of the above (C) Akbar. (D) Jahan. 7.The most strikingaspect ofAurangzeb's (E) Nanak. reign was 3. \Whatmajor faiths weremost prominent in (A) his continuation of Akbar'spolicy of South Asiat religiouslandscape during the religioustolerance. sixteenthand seventeenthcenturies? (B) his ruthlesssuppression of Muslim beliefs. (A) Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism (C) his ruthlesssuppression of non-Muslim (B) Christianity and Buddhism beliefs. (C) animism, Buddhism, and Zoroastrianism (D) his democratizationof the political (D) animism, Hinduism, and Zoroastrianism system. (E) Islam, Christianity,and animism (E) his abolition of the castesystem. 4. A boom in what commodity led to increased 8. How did the Mughal Empire come to prosperityin the Mughal Empire during the an end? 1600sand 1700s? (A) It wassubdued by the British, who (A) nutmeg retainedsome Mughal rulers in placefor (B) coffee political purposes. (C) cotton (B) It collapsedowing to a global shift in the (D) wool cotton tradeduring the 1700s. (E) cloves (C) It wascompletely eradicated by French colonists. 5. The most famousarchitectud,legaq, of the (D) Outside invadersfrom the Himalayas Mughd Empire is sackedthe capital and destroyedthe (A) the Red Fortressof Gwalior. empire. (B) the templeof Borobudur. (E) none of the above (C) the Great Gate of Mumbai. (D) the Taj Mahal. (E) Gandhit Tomb. 234 AP World Historv 9. The majority religion in Indonesia is 4. (C) The Indian economy thrived under the (A) Christianity. Mughals owing mainly to a boom in the (B) Islam. corton trade during this period. \J7hen the (C) Hinduism. Europeansarrived in India in the 1600s,they (D) Buddhism. gained control over the comon industry (E) Sikhism. trading for spicesfrom the EastIndies. 5. (D) The Thj Mahal was built in t64B in Agra 10. Australia'scolonial population wasmade up as a memorial to the wife of ShahJahan. It is largelyof what group during the 1700sand still one of Indiat foremostlandmarks. early1800s? 6. (E) Akbar used heavy artillery ro amass (A) religiousdissidents control over nearly the entire subcontinentof (B) gold miners India by the early 1600s.He alsoensured that (C) Scottishrefugees the government bureaucraqr/ran efficiently. (D) convicts He was extremelytolerant. (E) Irish peasants 7. (C) Aurangzebabandoned earlier policies of toleration. He forcedthousands of his subjects Answers to converrto Islam, causingmuch strife. (A) 1. (D) The Mughal Empire ruled India for over 8. By the 1750s, the British had expelled two centuries. The Mughals were Muslims their French rivals from most of India- The who used military force and gunpowder Mughal rulerswho remainedin placeafter the technolory to maintain power. British rook over more of India actedas their puppers. 2.(B) Babur was a Mongol warlord who (B) invaded India from the north beginning 9. Indonesia is now the world,s largest around 1520. He ruled parts of India for t.n Muslim counrry by population. years, and his heirs moved southward to 10. (D) The British transported convics ro conquermuch of the rest of India. Australia as punishment. The other British 3. (A) Buddhism and Hinduism were the groupswho emigratedthere included soldiers dominant religionsamong the populationsof and governmentofficials. SouthAsia. However,Islam grewin populariry in this region. Sub-SaharanAfrica 241 QUICKREVIEW 4. \7hat effectdid the Portuguesepresence have on the kingdom of Kongo? 1. \7"hich of the following is NOT true of rhe (A) The Portuguesepersuaded Kongo to srop Songhaistate? enslavingits neighbors. (B) The Portuguese (A) It had a strong merchantclass that traded conqueredKongo out- sdt for goodslike gold. righr during the 1500s. (C) The Portuguesecompelled (B) Its rulersconverted to Catholicismunder Kongo'srulers pressurefrom arriving Europeans. ro converrto Catholicism. (D) The Portugueseprotected (C) k had previouslybeen a starewitlin the Kongo from powerful Mali Empire. Dutch encroachment. (E) The Portuguese (D) Its rulers centralizedthe stateand created enslavedmost of the a complexbureaucracy. Kongo populationby 1700. (E) Islam remainedthe dominant fairh there. 5. The Asantekingdom grew strong by which of the following 2. \X/hatgoods did Europeantraders primarily means? seekin \fest Africa? (A) cooperatingwith Europeansengaged in (A) gold and ivory the Atlantic slavetrade (B) (B) bananasand mahogany purchasingand using gunpowder (C) orangesand ivory weaPons (C) (D) coffeeand gemstones increasedinvolvement in the.West (E) ivory and gemstones African gold trade (D) all of the above (E) 3. \flhich of the following bestcharacrerizes none of the above Africa'srelations with Europe bemeen 1450 and 1700? 6. Vhich Europeanpower first colonizedparts of EastAfrica? (A) Europeanpowers controlled the entire (A) continent. Portugal (B) (B) The Europeanimpact on Africa Spain (C) England remainedminimal during theseyears. (D) France (C) The effectsof the Atlantic slavetrade (E) were felt only in \flest Africa. the Netherlands (D) The Europeans'direct influencewas felt 7. \Whatart forms weremost prominent in mainly on t}re coasrs,while the African sub-SaharanAfrica? interior remainedlargely free. (E) Only North Africa fell under European (A) painting and composedmusic influence. (B) sculptureand textiles (C) written literature and painting (D) textilesand written literature (E) sculptureand composedmusic 242 AP World Historv 8. \fhich of the following is true of the Boers? 4. (C) The Portuguesedid nor rake over Kongir until the late (A) They wereEnglish senlers in South 1800s.Over the courseof a long Africa. and complex relationship, they "persuaded" Kongo'srulers (B) They were Arab merchantsin EastAfrica. to converr to Christianity and pressured (C) They wereDutch setdersin SouthAfrica. Kongo ro enslaveother Africansand sell them (D) They wereFrench serders in EastAfrica. to Portugal. (E) They wereSpanish colonists in North 5. (D) The fuante kingdom grew strong largely Africa. becauseof their conracrswith Europeans.All three of theseanswers are correct.The Asante 9. Besidesthe Europeans,which other group ran benefitedas well from living in a region that a major slavetrade in Africa? had an abundanceof mineralsand agricultural (A) the Turks resources. (B) the Persians 6. (A) The Portuguesefirst colonized the area (C) the Sri Lankans becausethey wanted to useit asa stopping-off (D) the Syrians point on the way to the Indies.tater, however, (E) the Arabs they found that they could gain better control overthe Indian Oceanbasin by sertingup per- 10. The New'World counrry that imported the manent basesthere. largestpercenrage of African slaveswas 7. (B) In sub-SaharanAfrica, sculptureand tex- (A) Brazil. tiles were of particularly high quality. So were (B) Virginia. ivory and wood carving. Artistic abstraction (C) Canada. wasvery common hereand, in later centuries, (D) Cuba. influenced\Testern Art. (E) Haiti. 8. (C) The Boerscame to sub-SaharanAfrica in the 1650sto farm and tradewith shipssailing Answers around Africa. The Boers possesseda yery strong senseofracial superiority and enslaved 1. (B) The Songhai state remained Muslim. It the Xhosa people.Later, the areacame under grew out of the Mali Empire and becamea British conrrol, but the Boersremained there. greatpower in'West Africa. (E) 'West 9. Evenbefore the Europeansarrived in sub- 2. (A) Parts of Africa were known as the SaharanAfrica, Arab traders had created a "gold coast" and "ivory coast" becauseof the slavetrade there and in the Saharanregion as economicimportance of commoditiesthere. well. 3. (D) Initially, the Europeans did nor venrure 10. (A) During the 1500s,the Portuguesebegan very far inland because they were able to importing African slavesto Brazil becausethey extract valuableresources, including minerals neededthe labor in sugarcultivation, one of and slaves, nearerto the coasr.They built per- the countryt major industries.Also, European manent outpostson the coastand tradedthere colonizersfound that Native Americanswere aswell. not well suited as slaves,so rhey sought out slavesin Africa. TheAmericas as "NewWorld" 249 QUICKREVIEW 5. Vhich is an exampleof changesbrought about by the Columbian Exchange? 1. Spaint principal reasonfor colonizationin (A) the exportarionof the horsefrom the New'$7'orldwas North America to Europe (B) the extractionof silver from South (A) economicprofit. America by the Spanish (B) conversionof Native Americansto (C) the importation of coffeeto the Americas Catholicism. from Europe (C) scientificcuriosity. (D) the spreadof smallpoxto Europefrom (D) suategicadvantage. North America (E) the desireof the Spanishro seftle (E) the arrival of corn and potatoesfrom the elsewhere. Americasto Europe 2.The main accomplishmentof Bartolomi de 6. Native American victims of the Spanish las Casaswas conquestperished primarily by what means? (A) to developa new method of silver mining. (A) gunpowderweapons (B) to discoverthe fabled Fountain of Youth. (B) starvationand famine