Overview of Media Discourse Studies of Critical Discourse Analysis Desi Nori Sahputri Department of English. Universitas Lancang Kuning Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia [email protected] ABSTRACT The later 1990s and early 2000 in critical areas occurred in the field of applied linguistics. The determination of this analysis is to find out how the role of CDA in the power of media discourse studies. The devices that have been used to discover social spectacles while informative the true identity of social actors. Key word: Media Discourse, Social Actor, CDA, Power 1. Introduction Media discourse is an interesting perspective to explore, especially when objectivity, becomes the main topic- "Do media objective in their news report?: The majority of papers both media and discourse studies still asking the same question until Norv. Since the objectivity of reporting the reality in the media were so much influenced by power and ideology of the elite or the media itself. the question will always rise is stated by Hamuddin (2015) 3 identical significant researchers since the 1990s at CDA are Ruth Wodak, Teun van Dijk, and Norman Fairclough. They have dissimilar outlines of the discourse analysis theory and methods. Van Dijk contributed his first journal entitled "discourse and society" in 1990 surveyed by several related books. The critical discourse of studies has ascended before the critical analysis of the language of how and why cumulative discourse contributes to the reproduction of macrostructures and consideration to cultural and ideological touches. Especially critical to the question of power, hegemony and resistance in various fields of language, the term 'critical' in the discourse have been discussed in several ways for the use of language and the autocracy of power in society. Mahboob and Paltridge (2013) state it is important to examine the power and understand the way in which power is exercised by overloaded groups of domination. The application of CDA in the multidisciplinary field consists of various analyzes and methods (Wodak and Meyer 2003) but not cleaned for textual analysis and conversation (Van Dijk, 2009). CDA is an approach to analyze complex 'social phenomena' and requires a multi- approach (Wodak dan Meyer 2009), but Jorgensen and Philips (2002) regard the CDA as a multidisciplinary approach to analyze the relationship between "discourse and social and cultural development" across cultural domains associated with this, Fairclough (1995) argues that the purpose of the CDA explores the systematic relationship of the victim which is not clear and systematic: Social structure, broader relationships, and culture Events, techniques, and discursive practices Van Dijk (2002) approves that CDA prepositions that focus on how abuse of power, dissimilarity, and dominance are experienced in social and political interruptions. Furthermore, another originator of the CDA, Janks (1997) views CDA as a form of social practice in which critical theory is applied to analyze impervious relationships. The theory of critical theory is qualified by the CDA that discusses the language of power and power struggles that at once reveal who the original identity [enindas, while Van Dijk (2003) stated that the Critical Discourse attentions on how the mental depiction of social groups impacts social structures. The theme of the conversation can affect how a person deals with important information in text or conversation. The interdisciplinary multi-methodological approach becomes a feature of CDA, not a separate discipline. Van Dijk (2009) Represents CDA, is a combination of theory and critical applications, not critical analysis leading to (critical discourse studies). Sketches of the CDA principle objectives used in reviewing current CDA studies by Van Dijk and Wodak & Meyer (2009): CDA highlights natural assessment. the assessment as a need to explain the phenomenon under investigation provides simplicity as to why certain interpretations are more effective than others. CDA is regarded as a social research because it is critically related to the issues of understanding and understanding of human rights, the abuse of power in the realm of racism, classism, sexism and so on, and social dissimilarity. CDA is interested in unethical issues that investigate the dominant group of people who experience discursive dissimilarity. CDA is an interdisiplinary of the following theory, method and practical applications in serious problems which do not binding in the community. CDA is problem-oriented rather than focusing on a particular theory or discipline because its implications are explicitly addressed in layman's terms to society. Significant how the CDA as a critical discourse analysis method plays an important passion to expose strengths in media discourse studies is the goal of this review. Detailed objective is to scrutinize the presentation of the CDA methodology in related studies. 2. CDA Theory and Approach Different and theories presentation to CDA as expressed by Van Dijk, Wodak, and Fairclough. At the bottom presents various social models and theories to unleash ideological ideas. 3. Social Theory Of Approach This theory is language oriented because it aims to analyze social events and politics in society. in this theory, discourse is seen as a social practice that sets various entities. In fact, the power of discourse signifies different worldviews from different perspectives that lead to the emergence of ideological forces and practices in society. Fairclough (1992) The practice of language in society is a method of social practice of individual activities. this opinion is related to the power and ideology in the discourse. a social group that practices both activity and politics may be an important proposition for their social practice, this proposition contains the forces that lead to ideology. 4. Ideology Theory The basic framework in a multidisciplinary approach to organizing some ideological and consumption concepts. the ideology of controlling the thinking of social groups then representing the basic social characteristics of the group based on their identity, principles, norms, goals resources and positions (Van Dijk 1995). Perceptive and social factors are convoluted in the investing process. Social cognition is a system with shared socio-cultural knowledge existing among members of certain cultural groups and communities. for example, suffragette ideas or principles about principles such as categorizes by men, positive action and abortion. According to Jane Flax, feminist theory has several purposes: 1. To understand women’s oppression—how it evolved, how it changes over time, how it is related to other forms of oppression. 2. To understand the power differential between men and women 3. How to overcome oppression Because of that, an important component in ideological representation is the existence of our terms versus them (Van Dijk 1995). Cognitive function is the basic form of ideological traits accompanied by the experience of a person who is called a model. models parallel to cognitive function because they observe one's thoughts and personal knowledge it possesses. model is the main unit controlling the actions of human life because some ideology is found. The model is uniquely formed because it holds the ability to control the experience of a social actor (Van Dijk 1995) and influences the cognitive processes of other group members in society. 4. The Virtual Ideology Of Van Dijk The influential Van Dijk framework is known as Van Dijk's ideological plaza or conceptual square. Van Dijk put forward four principles to express ideological attitudes, these four principles are: Emphasize the positive things about them Emphasize the negative things about them Emphasize the negative things about you Emphasize the positive things about them These four play vital role in a broader contextual strategy of positive self presentation and negative other presentation. It discusses the individual’s action as a member of a group while firmly expressing various ideological nations. Positive selfrepresentation emphasizes individual’s positive behavior as in saying a positive thing about us and saying a negative thing about them. This positive deportment as in an immaterial typical of group conflict and as the interaction pattern opposes the other group (Van Dijk 2000). The negative other presentation depicts that no negative saying should be directed at us and no positive saying should be directed to them (Van Dijk 2000). This implies that the term us always refers to positive saying and beliefs in a social context while, the term them refers to negativity, criticism and other negative stands. 5. VAN DIJK SOSIOCOGNITION APPROACH Various approaches and CDA linguistic theories integrate in generating discursive and social processes to see assumptions made by the stronger on the less powerful. critical discourse studies are positions or attitudes, critical perspectives in a multidisciplinary approach because it intends to explain the secret ideology into social practice. Therefore, Van Dijk proposed triangulation of linkages between discourse, cognition and society (Van Dijk 2009). Triangulation emphasizes the cognitive phenomena associated with the structure of discourse and the ways in which dominance, social and ideology occur. To find attitudes, representations and social ideologies, the relationship between the structure of discourse and the structure of society that must be considered. Van Dijk (2009). Dijk